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2009 Report
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Overcoming barriers:
Human mobility and development

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Human Development Report 2009

Gambia
HDI Rank - 168
Excel Country Factsheet

A. Human movement: snapshots and trends
International migrant stocks (thousands), 1960 31.6
International migrant stocks (thousands), 1990 118.1
International migrant stocks (thousands), 2005 231.7
International migrant stocks (thousands), 2010 290.1
Annual rate of growth in international migrant stocks (%), 1960-2005 4.4
International migrants as a percentage of total population, 1960 9.9
International migrants as a percentage of total population, 2005 15.2
Female share of international migrant stocks (%), 1960 42.7
Female share of international migrant stocks (%), 2005 48.7
Emigration rate (%), 2000-2002 3.6
International movement rate (%), 2000-2002 16.4
Internal migrant stocks (thousands), 1990-2005 ..
Life time internal migration rate (%), 1990-2005 ..
B. International emigrants by area of residence
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in Africa (%), 2000-2002 44.7
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in Asia (%), 2000-2002 2.9
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in Europe (%), 2000-2002 39.7
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in Latin America and the Caribbean (%), 2000-2002 0.2
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in Northern America (%), 2000-2002 12.4
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in Oceania (%), 2000-2002 0.1
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in countries with very high levels of human development (%), 2000-2002 51.6
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in countries with high levels of human development (%), 2000-2002 1.5
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in countries with medium levels of human development (%), 2000-2002 16.5
Proportion of international migrant stocks residing in countries with low levels of human development (%), 2000-2002 30.4
Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Africa (%), 2000-2002 0.14
Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Asia (%), 2000-2002 (.)
Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Europe (%), 2000-2002 0.03
Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean (%), 2000-2002 (.)
Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Northern America (%), 2000-2002 0.02
Countries' shares of total stock of migrants in Oceania (%), 2000-2002 (.)
C. Education and employment of international migrants in OECD countries (aged 15 years and above)
Stock of international migrants aged 15 years and above in OECD countries (thousands), 2000-2005 20.9
Percentage of international migrants aged 15 years and above in OECD countries with less than upper secondary education, 2000-2005 47.9
Percentage of international migrants aged 15 years and above in OECD countries with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education, 2000-2005 30.9
Percentage of international migrants aged 15 years and above in OECD countries with tertiary education, 2000-2005 16.5
Tertiary emigration rate to OECD countries (%), 2000-2005 44.6
Labour force participation rate of international migrants in OECD countries (%), 2000-2005 67.9
Unemployment rate of international migrants in OECD countries (%), 2000-2005 15.0
Unemployment rate of international migrants in OECD countries with less than upper secondary education (%), 2000-2005 20.3
Unemployment rate of international migrants in OECD countries with upper secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary education (%), 2000-2005 12.1
Unemployment rate of international migrants in OECD countries with tertiary education (%), 2000-2005 7.5
D. Conflict and insecurity induced movement
Refugees by country of origin (thousands), 2007 1.3
Refugees by country of origin as a percentage of international emigrants, 2007 2.5
Refugees by country of origin as a percentage of world refugees, 2007 (.)
People in refugee-like situations by country of origin (thousands), 2007 0
Asylum seekers by country of origin (thousands), 2007 1.0
Internally displaced people (thousands), 2008 ..
Refugees by country of asylum (thousands), 2007 14.9
Refugees by country of asylum as a percentage of international immigrants, 2007 6.4
Refugees by country of asylum as a percentage of world refugees, 2007 0.1
People in refugee-like situations by country of asylum (thousands), 2007 0
Asylum seekers by country of asylum (thousands), 2007 (.)
E. International financial flows: remittances, official development assistance and foreign direct investment
Remittance inflows (US$ millions), 2007 47
Remittance outflows (US$ millions), 2007 12
Remittance outflows per international migrant (US$), 2007 52
ODA per capita (US$), 2007 42
Remittance inflows per capita (US$), 2007 28
Remittance inflows as a % of ODA, 2007 65.4
Remittance inflows as a % of GDP, 2007 6.9
Ratio of remittance inflows to FDI, 2007 0.7
Percentage of remittance inflows by continent of origin - Africa 5.4
Percentage of remittance inflows by continent of origin - Asia 0
Percentage of remittance inflows by continent of origin - Europe 73.1
Percentage of remittance inflows by continent of origin - Latin America and the Caribbean 0
Percentage of remittance inflows by continent of origin - Northern America 21.4
Percentage of remittance inflows by continent of origin - Oceania 0.1
F. Selected conventions related to human rights and migration (by year of ratification)
Year of ratification of the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of their Families , 2009 ..
Year of ratification of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2009 2003
Year of ratification of the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, 2009 1966
Year of ratification of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, 2009 1978
Year of ratification of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 2009 1979
Year of ratification of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 2009 1978
Year of ratification of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, 2009 1993
Year of ratification of the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, 2009 1985 1
Year of ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, 2009 1990
G. Human development index trends
Human development index trends, 1980 ..
Human development index trends, 1985 ..
Human development index trends, 1990 ..
Human development index trends, 1995 ..
Human development index trends, 2000 ..
Human development index trends, 2005 0.450
Human development index trends, 2006 0.453
Human development index trends, 2007 0.456
Revised HDI rank, 2006 168
Real change in ranks, 2006-2007 0
Long-term annual growth rate in HDI (%), 1980-2007 ..
Medium-term annual growth rate in HDI (%), 1990-2007 ..
Short-term annual growth rate in HDI (%), 2000-2007 ..
H. Human development index 2007 and its components
Human development index value, 2007 0.456
Life expectancy at birth (years), 2007 55.7
Adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above), 2007 .. 2
Combined gross enrolment ratio in education (%), 2007 46.8 34
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2007 1,225
Life expectancy index, 2007 0.511
Education index, 2007 0.439
GDP index, 2007 0.418
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank, 2007 - 12
I-1. Human and income poverty
Human poverty index (HPI-1) rank, 2007 123
Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) value (%), 2007 40.9
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 40 (% of cohort), 2005-2010 21.8
Adult illiteracy rate (% aged 15 and above), 1999-2007 .. 5
Population not using an improved water source (%), 2006 14
Children underweight for age (% under age 5), 2000-2006 20
Population living below $1.25 a day (%), 2000-2007 34.3
Population living below $2 a day (%), 2000-2007 56.7
Population living below the national poverty line (%), 2000-2006 61.3
HPI-1 rank minus income poverty rank 26
I-2. Human and income poverty: OECD countries
Human poverty index (HPI-2) rank ..
Human poverty index (HPI-2) value (%) ..
Probability at birth of not surviving to age 60 (% of cohort), 2005-2010 39.7
People lacking functional literacy skills (% aged 16-65), 1994-2003 ..
Long-term unemployment rate (% of labour force), 2007 ..
Population living below 50% of median income (%), 2000-2005 ..
HPI-2 rank minus income poverty rank ..
J. Gender-related development index and its components
GDI rank, 2007 141
GDI value, 2007 0.452
GDI value as a percentage of HDI value, 2007 99.1
Female life expectancy at birth (years), 2007 57.3
Male life expectancy at birth (years), 2007 54.1
Female adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above), 1997-2007 .. 6
Male adult literacy rate (% aged 15 and above), 1997-2007 .. 6
Female combined gross enrolment ratio (%), 2007 47.2 78
Male combined gross enrolment ratio (%), 2007 46.4 78
Female estimated earned income (PPP US$), 2007 951 9
Male estimated earned income (PPP US$), 2007 1,499 9
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2007 0
K. Gender empowerment measure and its components
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank, 2007 ..
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value, 2006 ..
Seats in parliament (% held by women), 2008 9
Legislators, senior officials and managers (% female), 1999-2007 ..
Professional and technical workers (% female), 1999-2007 ..
Earned income (estimated), ratio of female to male , 2007 0.63
Year women received the right to vote 1960
Year women received the right to stand for election 1960
Year in which a woman became Speaker or Presiding Officer of parliament or of one of its houses for the first time, as of 2009 2006
Women in ministerial positions (% of positions), 2008 28
L. Demographic trends
Total population (millions), 1990 0.9
Total population (millions), 2007 1.6
Total population (millions), 2020 2.2
Annual rate of natural increase of the population (%), 1990-1995 2.9
Annual rate of natural increase of the population (%), 2005-2010 2.6
Net international migration rate (%), 1990-1995 0.9
Net international migration rate (%), 2005-2010 0.2
Urban share of the population (%), 1990 38.3
Urban share of the population (%), 1990 58.1
Child dependency ratio, 1990 79.0
Child dependency ratio, 2010 76.4
Old age dependency ratio, 1990 5.0
Old age dependency ratio, 2010 5.2
Total fertility rate (births per woman), 1990-1995 6.0
Total fertility rate (births per woman), 2005-2010 5.1
M. Economy and inequality
Total GDP (US$ billions), 2007 0.6
Total GDP (PPP US$ billions), 2007 2.1
GDP per capita (US$), 2007 377
Annual growth rate of GDP per capita (%), 1990-2007 0.3
GDP per capita (PPP US$), year of highest value, 1980-2007 1,225
GDP per capita (PPP US$), year of highest value 2007
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 1990-2007 5.2 10
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 2006-2007 2.1 11
Income/expenditure share of the richest 10% of the population (%), 1992-2007 2.0 12
Income/expenditure share of the richest 10% of the population (%), 1992-2007 36.9 12
Ratio of the richest 10% to the poorest 10%, 1992-2007 18.9
Gini index, 1992-2007 47.3
N. Health and education
Government expenditure on health per capita (PPP US$), 2006 33
Government expenditure on health as a percentage of total government expenditure 8.7
Public current expenditure on primary education per pupil (PPP US$) ..
Public expenditure on education as a percentage of total government expenditure, 2000-2007 8.9
Percentage of total aid allocated to social sectors (gross disbursements), 2007 72.5
Percentage of adults with low educational attainment levels (% aged 25 and above) ..
Percentage of adults with medium educational attainment levels (% aged 25 and above) ..
Percentage of adults with high educational attainment levels (% aged 25 and above) ..
Under 5 mortality rate in the highest quintile of wealth (per 1,000 live births) 158
Under 5 mortality rate in the highest quintile of wealth (per 1,000 live births) 72
Under 5 mortality rate for children of mothers with at least secondary education (per 1,000 live births) 140
Under 5 mortality rate for children of mothers with at least secondary education (per 1,000 live births) 66
Healthy life expectancy at birth (years), 2007 53
Unhealthy life expectancy (%), 2007 5
Notes:
1 - Signed not yet followed by ratification
2 - In the absence of recent data, estimates for 2005 from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003). Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information, were used and should be interpreted with caution: the Bahamas 95.8, Barbados 99.7, Djibouti 70.3, Fiji 94.4, the Gambia 42.5, Guyana 99.0 and Hong Kong, China (SAR) 94.6.
3 - Data refer to a year other than that specified.
4 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
5 - In the absence of recent data, estimates for 2005 from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003). Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information, were used and should be interpreted with caution: Bahamas 4.2, Barbados 0.3, Djibouti 29.7, Fiji 5.6, Gambia 57.5, Guyana 1.0 and Hong Kong, China (SAR) 5.4.
6 - In the absence of recent data, estimates for 2005 from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2003). Correspondence on adult and youth literacy rates. March. Montreal, based on outdated census or survey information, were used and should be interpreted with caution: the Bahamas 96.7 (for females) and 95.0 (for males), Barbados 99.8 and 99.7, Djibouti 61.4 and 79.9, Fiji 92.9 and 95.9, the Gambia 35.4 and 49.9, Guyana 98.7 and 99.2 and Hong Kong, China (SAR) 91.4 and 97.3.
7 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
8 - UNESCO Institute for Statistics estimate.
9 - No wage data are available. For the purposes of calculating the estimated female and male earned income, a value of 0.75 was used for the ratio of the female nonagricultural wage to the male nonagricultural wage.
10 - Data refer to a period shorter than that specified.
11 - Data refer to an earlier year than that specified.
12 - Data refer to expenditure shares by percentiles of the population, ranked by per capita expenditure.
Symbols :
.. Data not available
(.) Greater (or less) than zero but small enough to be rounded off to zero at the displayed number of decimal points
< Less than
- Not applicable
T Total