Biometry

Mientras los organismos multilaterales parecen ser incapaces de utilizar los avances tecnológicos para identificar y culpar a los responsables del fraude fiscal mundial -estimado en un mínimo de 130.000 millones de euros por año (Zucman, 2015)-, los mismos organismos han promovido en varios Estados el empadronamiento biográfico y biológico de más del 15% de la humanidad -por primera vez en su historia-, en función de ahorros fiscales de resultados discretos o desconocidos. La creación de grandes bases de datos poblacionales biométricas -a veces ilegalmente-, en función de crear perfilados para fines sociales, comerciales, policiales y/o militares, ha aumentado el control empresarial y estatal sobre sus ciudadanos, y el poder de ciertos países sobre otros. De manera que, mientras los ultra ricos fortalecen su opacidad y derecho de presunción de inocencia -e incluso son premiados por sus ilegalismos-, las mayorías poblacionales debemos transparentar cada día más nuestra vida, entregando copia de nuestra biología y biografía -nuestra  zoe y bio (Agamben, 1998)- al Estado.
Este trabajo, enmarcado en el proyecto de investigación “La Promesa Represiva” (FSOC-UBA), apunta a reflexionar desde la óptica de biopoder de Foucault y Agamben, cómo estas prácticas redefinen la ciudadanía y el estado de derecho en el mundo y el caso de Argentina, así como también plantean la idea de autodeterminación informativa ya no como un derecho acotado a una perspectiva individual/liberal, sino ligado al derecho de los pueblos.

Embora as agências multilaterais parecem incapazes de usar os avanços tecnológicos para identificar e culpar aos responsáveis da evasão fiscal global -estimada em um mínimo de 130.000 milhões de euros por ano (Zucman, 2015)-, as mesmas agências têm promovido em vários estados o registo biográfico e biológico de mais do 15% da humanidade -pela primeira vez em sua história-, com a finalidade de obter poupanças fiscais discretas ou desconhecidas. A criação de grandes bases de dados biométricos da população -por vezes, de forma ilegal- a fim de criar perfis sociais, comerciais, policiais e / ou militares, tem aumentado o controle das corporações e do Estado sobre seus cidadãos, e o poder de certos países sobre outros. Assim, enquanto os ultra-ricos reforçam a sua opacidade e direito de presunção de inocência -e até são recompensados ​​por seus ilegalismos-, as maiorias populacionais devem ser cada dia mais transparentes, entregando uma cópia da nossa biologia e biografia -nossa zoe e bio (Agamben, 1998)- ao Estado.
Este papel, enquadrado no projecto de investigação "A Promesa repressiva" (FSOC-UBA), tem como objetivo refletir a partir da perspectiva do biopoder de Foucault e Agamben, como essas práticas redefinem a relação entre cidadania e o Estado de Direito no mundo e no caso da Argentina, e como levantam a idéia de autodeterminação informativa não mais como um direito delimitada a uma perspetiva liberal/individual, mas ligado ao direito dos povos.

While multilateral agencies seem to be unable to use technological advances to identify and blame those responsible for global tax fraud -estimated at a minimum of 130 billion euros per year (Zucman, 2015)-, the same agencies have promoted in several states the biographical and biological registration of more than 15% of humanity -for the first time in its history-, to achieve discrete or unknown fiscal savings. The creation of large biometric population databases -sometimes illegally- in order to create profiles for social, commercial, police and / or military purposes, has increased business and state control over its citizens, and the power of certain countries over others. So while the ultra rich strengthen their opacity and right of presumption of innocence -and are even rewarded for their illegality-, the majorities of the population must make our life more transparent, delivering a copy of our biology and biography -our zoe and bio (Agamben, 1998)- to the State.
This work, framed in the research project "The Promise of Repression" (FSOC-UBA), aims to reflect from the perspective of Bio-Power of Foucault and Agamben, how these practices redefine citizenship and the rule of law in the world and the case of Argentina, as well as raising the idea of ​​informational self-determination, no longer as a right limited to the individual / liberal perspective, but linked to the right of peoples.

Leaf area and leaf weight measurements are required to calculate several growth indices, which are leaf area index (LAI), net assimilation rate (NAR), specific leaf area (SLA), specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf area duration (LAD). We developed three predictive equations to estimate leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight in maize from leaf length and leaf width measurements. A total of 1,314 leaves from different parts of plants at different plant growth stages, different planting densities and different sowing dates were collected in 2008 at the Agricultural Research Center near Gorgan, Golestan, Iran. To evaluate the equations, some goodness of fit indicators used included mean absolute error, root mean square error and index of agreement. This study found strong relationships between leaf length and leaf width and LA, LFW and LDW (R2 > 0.85). Based on the results LA, LFW and LDW of individual maize leaves can be estimated non-destructively by leaf length and leaf width. These...

1. To assess the accuracy of the gestation-adjusted projection method in estimating birth weight in Thai pregnant women. 2. To determine the efficiency of the gestation-adjusted projection method for the detection of low actual birth weight, normal birth weight, and large fetus groups. Diagnostic clinical trial. The present study was conducted on 328 uncomplicated pregnancies that were monitored at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charoenkrung Pracharuk Hospital during the period of August I to November 30, 2006. The fetal biometry was measured by ultrasound at 34 weeks' gestation or after Fetal weight was calculated according to Hadlock's formula. The extrapolation technique is based on the gestation-adjusted projection (GAP) method. The accuracy of the method was assessed by analyzing the weight predictions in relation to the actual birth weight (ABW). Main outcome measurements were simple error absolute error absolute percentage error and accuracy within 10% o...

To examine the prevalence of anisometropia of spherical refraction (AnisoSR), astigmatism (AnisoAST) and spherical equivalent (AnisoSE) and their associations with spherical refraction (SR), refractive astigmatism (AST), spherical equivalent (SE) and interocular differences of ocular biometric parameters among elderly female twins. Refraction of 117 monozygotic (MZ) and 116 dizygotic (DZ) female twin subjects aged 66-79 years was assessed with an auto-refractor (Topcon AT) and controlled by subjective refraction. Corneal refraction, anterior chamber depth and axial length were measured with a Zeiss IOL Master. Participants with eyes operated for cataract or glaucoma were excluded, but the grade of nuclear opacity was not recorded. The associations between the absolute values of AnisoSR, AnisoAST and AnisoSE with SR, AST, SE, corneal refractive power (CR), corneal astigmatism (CAST), anterior chamber depth (ACD) and axial length (AL) and with their interocular differences were calcul...

Birds encounter climate at the scale of microclimates that can vary rapidly in time and space and so understanding potential vulnerability and adaptations to those microclimates requires fine‐scale measurements that accurately track thermal exposures. However, few options exist for recording the microclimates actually experienced by birds (realized microclimates). We constructed and tested a simple, low‐cost, temperature logger for recording the realized microclimates of ground‐nesting birds. We developed attachment protocols for band‐mounting Thermochron iButtons on Ring‐billed Gull (Larus delawarensis) chicks. We tested these mounted, temperature‐logging devices on 20 chicks weighing > 200 g (device weight was 4 g), attaching devices for 48 h and observing behavior before and after attachment and removal. Devices recorded temperature immediately surrounding the leg at 2‐min intervals. Recorded temperatures were strong predictors of observed thermoregulatory behaviors (panting and sitting), outperforming predictions based on air temperatures measured by basic, static approaches. Through comparison with matched controls (chicks with just a band), we detected no adverse physiological effects of devices, no effects on social or feeding behavior, and only a short‐term decrease in inactivity immediately after device attachment (likely due to increased preening). By attaching iButtons to the legs of birds, we quantified realized thermal exposure, integrating air temperature, modes of environmental heat transfer, and bird behavior at microclimatic scales. Although not yet validated for broader use, our approach (including possible miniaturization) should be suitable to measure thermal exposure of adults, not just chicks, allowing collection of data concerning thermal exposures during flight under field conditions. At ~ $25 USD per device, our approach facilitates experimental protocols with robust sample sizes, even for relatively modest budgets.

We present a systematic study on gender classification with automatically detected and aligned faces. We experimented with 120 combinations of automatic face detection, face alignment and gender classification. One of the findings was that the automatic face alignment methods did not increase the gender classification rates. However, manual alignment increased classification rates a little, which suggests that automatic alignment would be useful when the alignment methods are further improved. We also found that the gender classification methods performed almost equally well with different input image sizes. In any case, the best classification rate was achieved with a support vector machine. A neural network and Adaboost achieved almost as good classification rates as the support vector machine and could be used in applications where classification speed is considered more important than the best possible classification accuracy.

In models that adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index, blood pressure, and birth weight, longer axial length was associated strongly with narrower retinal arteriolar caliber (3.18-μm decrease per standard deviation increase in axial length; P < .001) and venular ...

Domestication of the donkey from the African wild ass transformed ancient transport systems in Africa and Asia and the organization of early cities and pastoral societies. Genetic research suggests an African origin for the donkey, but pinpointing the timing and location of domestication has been challenging because donkeys are uncommon in the archaeological record and markers for early phases of animal domestication are hard to determine. We present previously undescribed evidence for the earliest transport use of the donkey and new paleopathological indicators for early phases of donkey domestication. Findings are based on skeletal data from 10 ≈5,000-year-old ass skeletons recently discovered entombed in an early pharaonic mortuary complex at Abydos, Middle Egypt, and a concurrent study of 53 modern donkey and African wild ass skeletons. Morphometric studies showed that Abydos metacarpals were similar in overall proportions to those of wild ass, but individual measurements varied...

La ley nacional No 23.950, las normativas y jurisprudencia equivalente que permiten a los agentes policiales interceptar, bajo presunción de peligrosidad, la libre circulación de ciudadanos, y privarlos de libertad por horas en una comisaría en caso de no acreditar su identidad, son herederas de una tradición de detenciones ilegales y arbitrarias para el
disciplinamiento social.
Mientras esta ley es un mecanismo legal-jurídico de poder, cuestionable desde su propio carácter legal-jurídico por ser contraria a la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, y por lo tanto parte de nuestra Constitución. Los jueces actúan más en función de que los agentes de la policía respeten las formalidades posteriores a la detención, que en función de determinar si existían las razones excepcionales que constitucionalmente deben verificarse para aceptar la injerencia en la libertad individual (Martín, 2010).
En poco tiempo los más de 44 millones de argentinos habremos obtenido el nuevo Documento Nacional digital de Identidad. Esto significa que nuestros datos biométricos habrán sido recolectados, digitalizados y luego centralizados en una sola base de datos del Registro Nacional de las Personas (RENAPER) al cual pueden acceder todas las policías del país en el marco del Sistema Federal de Identificación Biométrica (SIBIOS), creado para fines de seguridad pública por el Decreto PEN No 1766/11. Esto significa que las agencias policiales federales y provinciales hoy pueden realizar una identificación inmediata y remota de los individuos mediante una captura fotográfica del rostro o con la toma de huellas dactilares en dispositivos itinerantes que, al ser contrastadas en línea con la base de datos federal, permite obtener la identidad del individuo en cuestión.
Esta iniciativa y ciertos proyectos legislativos, apuntan a saldar la responsabilidad internacional de la Argentina sobre la vigencia de las detenciones arbitrarias de la Ley No 23.950 y equivalentes, argumentando que estos avances tecnológicos volverían innecesarios los procedimientos de detención. Más aún, si se tiene en cuenta el creciente paradigma de
ciudades inteligentes y seguras, donde la conectividad es el eje central para una conciencia situacional basada en el intercambio rápido de información con centros de comando y control, y con sistemas y bases de datos múltiples.
En este trabajo introduciré a parte de la investigación que estoy realizando sobre cómo la posibilidad de aplicar tecnología digital para saldar una cuestión de derecho, puede abrir las puertas a una variante cualitativa de estas detenciones arbitrarias que, ante la falla contingente (intencional o no) de los dispositivos digitales, sería capaz de disimular la histórica arbitrariedad policial detrás de una conjugación de supuesta neutralidad científico-tecnológica y de azar.

SUMMARY Capture-recapture methodology, originally developed for estimating demographic parameters of ani- mal populations, has been applied to human populations. This tutorial reviews various closed capture- recapture models which are applicable to ascertainment data for estimating the size of a target population based on several incomplete lists of individuals. Most epidemiological approaches merging di;erent lists and eliminating duplicate cases are likely

Cosmetic dermatology is a field of medicine that is in constant development; therefore, the use of objective methods for validating the findings of scientific studies is crucial. The most commonly used techniques in the majority of these studies include histopathology, immunohistochemistry, morphometry, stereology, digital photography, biometry, optical profilometry and confocal microscopy. The objective of this review was to provide an update on the principal methods used as tools for analyzing outcomes and also to provide the dermatologist with means of sharpening his/her critical judgement with respect to the publications and presentations that use subjective evaluation methods.