Demography

Some but not all models of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) emphasize the role of dysfunctional beliefs in the etiology and maintenance of this disorder. Clinical observations suggest that some OCD patients have prominent dysfunctional beliefs associated with their obsessions and compulsions, while other patients do not show this pattern. It is possible that dysfunctional beliefs play a role in only a

In controtendenza con gli attuali orientamenti della storiografia italiana sull’Età moderna, questo libro ripropone una ricerca di prima mano su aspetti e problemi di argomento economico e sociale. Esso si segnala inoltre per l’area di rifermento esaminata: la Calabria meridionale e, in particolare, la zona del Reggino, inserendosi in una tradizione di studi che ha al suo attivo i pregevoli contributi di Giuseppe Galasso sul Cinquecento e di Augusto Placanica, specificamente, per il Settecento. In questa ottica il volume ridà spazio ai protagonisti anonimi di quel contesto e approfondisce una serie di aspetti sulle condizioni dell’economia e della società calabresi. Il tutto, mediante una documentazione inedita che consente di far luce e di verificare le tendenze di breve, medio e lungo periodo di quella realtà incrociando e comparando le fonti disponibili sul piano locale con quelle prodotte dalle coeve istituzioni centrali dello Stato.
Lo schema al quale egli si affida è quello di un’analisi di carattere demografico e socio-economico finalizzato ad esaminare l’andamento strutturale di una periferia sullo sfondo di quanto accade nell’Età moderna. In questa comparazione vengono evidenziate assonanze e discordanze dai modelli acquisiti dalla storiografia, sottolineando le peculiarità di alcuni fenomeni non sempre omologabili alle cronologie e agli sviluppi di quei secoli. Ne scaturisce una ricostruzione che mette in risalto talune specificità della zona esaminata, inquadrandone le congiunture nel panorama più ampio che fa da sfondo ai problemi di volta in volta esaminati.
Basata su una molteplicità di fonti, prevalentemente seriali, la ricostruzione dell’Autore non trascura il supporto di testimonianze narrative che concorrono ad integrare e a supportare le risultanze dei dati quantitativi. Per menzionare i materiali archivistici più frequentemente consultati, la ricerca si snoda attraverso la consultazione e l’analisi delle numerazioni dei fuochi, degli stati delle anime, dei relevi feudali, degli apprezzi e dei documenti fiscali delle diverse comunità esaminate fino ai dati ricavati dal fondo relativo alle “voci di vettovaglie” e da altre carte d’archivio, come le relationes ad limina, o da testimonianze desunte dalle cronache e dalla storiografia locale o da ulteriori documenti rintracciati negli archivi dei singoli centri esaminati.
Sulla scorta di questa ricca documentazione vengono ricostruiti aspetti estremamente interessanti della Calabria reggina e vengono evidenziate tendenze non sempre collimanti con quelle generali. A determinare lo scostamento dall’andamento tradizionalmente accreditato concorrono diversi fattori e, tra questi, svolgono un ruolo non trascurabile l’incidenza delle caratteristiche geomorfologiche del territorio e il comportamento dei protagonisti che devono condividerne gli inevitabili condizionamenti. In tutto questo emerge un rapporto simbiotico tra gli uomini e l’ambiente che permette di valutare il ruolo svolto dalla storia nel breve come nel lungo periodo.  (Tratto dall'introduzione del Prof. Giuseppe Poli)

This article examines the productivity of agriculture at the Postclassic polity of Xaltocan, Mexico. Employing multiple lines of data (remote sensing, artifactual, ecofactual, chronological, demographic, historic, ethnographic, and environmental), it reconstructs the potential productivity of an integrated raised field, chinampa system that surrounded the polity. This exercise reveals that the system was capable of producing a sizeable caloric surplus above the needs of the kingdom's estimated total population and the number of laborers necessary to maintain full production. To situate the processes related to agricultural production, the paper considers how farmers' strategies were articulated with multiple institutions. Increased integration between political, social, and household institutions possibly fostered residents' incorporation into the body politic and provided mechanisms to finance the political economy. Such integration and dependency fractured, however, when Xaltocan was conquered.

This paper addresses the scientific and social interests in the comparative analysis of the international importance of language. In order to classify the different approaches to this analysis according to the criteria on which they are based, the following typology is proposed: the perception of importance, the estimation of importance, and the calculation of complex indexes. Secondly, the study provides an update to the international language index and its indicators for the year 2020. Finally, the results are analyzed and compared with those of the previous indexes. The analysis provides a picture of the plural and polycentric constellation of international languages including Spanish and Portuguese, defined by their areas of influence and spread.

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development commits to promoting development in a balanced way – economically, socially and environmentally – in all countries of the world, leaving no one behind, and paying special attention to those people who are poorest or most excluded.

While the future is impossible to predict, there are clear directions on several economic and social aspects that will influence our ability to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This joint UNDP-UNRISD report reviews recent trends in six areas that are fundamentally important to achieving the 2030 Agenda. These six 'mega-trends' relate to (i) poverty and inequalities, (ii) demography, (iii) environmental degradation and climate change, (iv) shocks and crises, (v) development cooperation and financing for development, and (vi) technological innovation. Some of the trends are positive, including on the reduction of absolute poverty and several technological innovations. Yet negative trends in several of the others pose a significant risk to the realization of the SDGs. The report explores this in more detail and discusses policy implications for the implementation of the 2030 Agenda.

En este trabajo se analiza la población de la parroquia de San Juan de los Lagos a través de dos padrones de confesión de 1820 y 1824. En primer lugar se hace una reseña de la historia del pueblo desde su fundación hasta la guerra de independencia. En segundo lugar, el momento de la creación de la parroquia de San Juan Bautista. En tercer lugar, la estructura de la población por edad y sexo. Los bautismo y defunciones de 1810 a 1824. La última parte está dedicada a la cartografía parroquial.

(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch)
Métis Unions & Weddings in Quebec; is an analysis of researches conducted from 2006 to 2009 containing the results of genealogical researches from people requesting the Aboriginal Status and / or Métis status in connection with the records of membership of some Band Councils in Quebec. It was conducted by Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, graduate in social sciences and member of the Faculty of Human Science from University of Quebec in Montreal, during university studies and involvements in a student association.

Eric Pouliot-Thisdale is a researcher since 15 years in the field of public archives of various sources, including historical and demographic archives who conducted several researches for Band Councils political land claims, as well as for particulars. Presently researcher for the Band Council of his community, Kanesatake, and a contributing writer and historical columnist for the weekly paper from the Kahnawake community, award winner of the best business, education stories from the Quebec Community Newspaper Association on 2016.

(Cet exposé n'est qu'une esquisse sans pretention) (This presentation is simply an unpretentious sketch)
Unions Métis et réclamations au Québec; est une analyse de recherche conduite de 2006 à 2009 contenant les résultats de recherche généalogiques d’individus réclamant le statut Indien et / ou Métis, en liens avec le registraire des membres de certaines Premières nations au Québec. La recherché fut effectuée par Eric Pouliot-Thisdale, gradué en sciences sociales et membre de la Faculté des Sciences Humaines de l’Université du Québec à Montréal, lors de recherches
universitaires et d’implications pour une association étudiante.

Eric Pouliot-Thisdale est recherchiste depuis 15 années dans le domaine des archives publiques de diverses sources, incluant les archives historiques et démographiques, qui a mené plusieurs recherches pour certains conseils de bande quant aux revendications territoriales politiques, ainsi que pour des particuliers. Il est actuellement chercheur, auteur et chroniqueur historique pour le journal hebdomadaire de la communauté de Kahnawake, gagnant du lauréat de la meilleure entreprise éducative, membre de Quebec Community Newspapers Association en 2016.

Au Québec, un mythe démographique et sociologique collectif laisse supposer que la majorité des habitants de la province sont de souches métisses; métissés par des alliances interethniques avec les indiens.

Cependant, selon la présente analyse basée sur des recherches approfondies accumulées sur 3 années consécutives par le biais de catégories de divers groupes d'âge, ainsi que plusieurs autres analyses démographique déjà effectuées précédemment par d’autres universités; cette spéculation populaire ne semble pas faire le poids sur la réalité fournie par les dossiers archivés.

En prenant compte de l’aperçu des résultats de cette présente étude, rassemblés à partir de recherches qui ont été menées entre 2006-2009, au Québec, pour les personnes qui étaient en quête d'ancêtres autochtones; le pourcentage de réalisme semblait aléatoire dans la plupart des cas. Pour obtenir un aperçu rapide de ces requêtes rencontrées, seulement 21,33% des candidats provenaient de métissages réels. Mais principalement au Québec une population d'environ 50% à 85% serait spéculée métissée, même si les compilations détaillées n'ont encore jamais été suffisamment présentées.

Également, ces résultats semblent avoir été promus plus particulièrement dans les zones où les origines de ces premiers métissages ont eu lieu la plupart du temps, créant donc un certain manque de régularité.

Historiquement, à partir des données découvertes dans les archives, la plupart des gens d'origines françaises vivant à proximité des territoires autochtones n’avaient fondamentalement pas de relations associées, spécifiquement avec les Premières nations, comme l'ont confirmés diverse études précédentes

Iroquoians become recognizable in the archaeological record of southern Ontario about AD 500, with the appearance of Princess Point sites and maize agriculture in the lower Grand River valley. AfterA.D. 1000, Iroquoians lived in longhouse villages situated in the interior, north ...

Background and Objectives: Metabolic syndrome (MS) has many risk factors that are important to investigate in populations living at sea level and in high-altitude geographic regions. The aim was to identify the components of MS that cross-sectional studies use to assess in adult populations residing in high-altitude regions. Materials and Methods: A systematic review study was conducted. The Pubmed database was used. The search for original articles (cross-sectional) was performed from January 2013 to December 2020. The procedure was carried out by two researchers. The keywords used were metabolic syndrome, adults, and altitude regions. The search strategy considered the components of the PICOS tool. Results: Ten cross-sectional studies were identified in the Pubmed database from 2014 to 2020. Altitude levels varied between countries and regions, from 2060 to 4900 m above sea level. Three studies were conducted in both China and Peru, two studies in Ecuador, and one in Bolivia and I...

A Sick Newborn Care Unit (SNCU), established in a district hospital in India, substantially reduced the neonatal mortality rate in the district; it, however, suffered from a dearth of trained nurses. Local girls with 10-12 years of school education underwent structured and hands-on training for six months, followed by a six-month internship at the SNCU and were assigned to it as stipendiary ‘Newborn Aides’. Based on the results of formal examinations, internal on-the-job assessment and interview of doctors, nurses, and parents and their technical skills and motivation were rated very high. Although the incremental cost of training is small, the cost of sustaining them, i.e. stipend and replacing attrition, needs to be addressed. Trained Newborn Aides may substantially alleviate human-resource constraint for SNCUs and Sick Newborn Stabilization units in smaller peripheral hospitals for care of sick newborns at an affordable cost.

Data on presentation, aetiology, and prognostic indicators of childhood pneumonia, which can help design strategies for controlling the disease, are generally scarce in developing countries. In this paper, the distribution of aetiologic agents, clinical presentation, and evolution of pneumonia cases are described, and the factors associated with duration of pneumonia episode and of hospital admission examined. During June 1994-June 1995, 472 children, aged 6-59 months, with clinical diagnosis of pneumonia, who were admitted to hospital or treated as outpatients, were investigated in Recife, Northeast Brazil. Pneumonia, in most cases, was confirmed by radiology. A combination of methods was used for investigating the aetiology of pneumonia. Data obtained on a large number of clinical, socioeconomic and biological variables were analyzed to determine the prognostic factors for the severity and outcome of pneumonia. Bacteria were identified in 26.7% of the cases, while viruses and mixe...

There is a worldwide epidemic of obesity. We are just beginning to understand its consequences for child obesity. This paper addresses one important component of the crisis; namely the extent to which adiposity, or more specifically, BMI, is passed down from one generation to the next. We find that the intergenerational elasticity of BMI is very similar across countries and relatively constant - at 0.2 per parent. Our substantive finding is that this elasticity is very comparable across time and countries - even if these countries are at very different stages of economic development. Quantile analysis suggests that this intergenerational transmission mechanism is substantively different across the distribution of children's BMI; more than double for the most obese children what it is for the thinnest children. These findings have important consequences for the health of the world's children.(1).

We present an outline of relative distribution methods, with an application to recent changes in the US wage distribution. Rel-ative distribution methods are a nonparametric statistical frame-work for analyzing data in a fully distributional context. The framework combines ...

The impact of widespread international labor migration on the family in Tonga is examined. The author describes how migration has affected gender and kinship relations. She also examines the ways in which church and state ideologies encourage the development of the nuclear family, while overseas labor migration creates a need to maintain extended support systems among family networks.

De 1953 a 1986 se han construido en México 130 parques y ciudades industriales que constituyen una de las más importantes acciones realizadas para promover la industrialización en zonas atrasadas e intentar prever la elevada concentración industrial en las ciudades de México, Monterrey y Guadalajara. El desarrollo de este sistema de parques y ciudades industriales se puede periodizar en dos grandes etapas: 1) la etapa experimental, 1953-1970 y, 2) la etapa de expansión, 1971-1987. En este contexto, este artículo analiza las características generales de la etapa experimental de este sistema para evaluar sus resultados, en espera de analizar la etapa de expansión en la continuación del proyecto en que se inscribe este trabajo.

This article explores the age difference of marrying and divorcing couples, calculated by subtracting the wife's age from the husband's. Age difference is of interest in the study of families and partnership behaviour. It is also important because of its link with broader socio-demographic changes, such as population ageing, delayed fertility and the provision of care. The main finding is that between 1963 and 2005, the distribution of age differences for all marriages is very similar in each year to the distribution of age differences for the subset of couples who married in that year, but have since divorced. While there is some evidence of small variations in the proportion of marriages that end in divorce by age difference, there does not seem to be evidence of a strong association.

ABSTRACT In Africa today, children may be sent to live with non-relative for employment reasons. This short paper proposes a measure based on data from the 2008-2009 Demographic and Health Survey in Madagascar to identify children living with non-relatives and not attending school who are liable to be engaged in child labour. In Madagascar, children may move between family households, but may also be sent to live outside the family for economic reasons. We postulate that the models of child placement for economic reasons are gender-based and linked to geographic location. The results show that 1.4% of children aged 6-17 are in this situation. Two profiles can be identified: girls engaged in child labour tend to work in towns in households with high socioeconomic status, while boys work in areas with strong demand for farm labour. The authors make recommendations for improving data collection and suggest that surveys of child maids and farm labourers be conducted to identify harmful situations and to understand the processes whereby children become engaged in child labour (origin, means deployed), and to find out more about these children's outcomes.