Oral Glucose Tolerance Test

Leptin resistance is a hallmark of obesity, but its etiology is unknown, and its clinical measurement is elusive. Leptin-sensitive subjects have normal resting energy expenditure (REE) at a low leptin concentration, while leptin-resistant subjects have a normal REE at a higher leptin concentration; thus, the ratio of REE:Leptin may provide a surrogate index of leptin sensitivity. We examined changes in REE and leptin in a cohort of 17 obese subjects during experimental weight loss therapy with the insulin-suppressive agent octreotide-LAR, 40 mg i.m. q28d for 6 months. Six subjects lost significant weight (>10%) and BMI (>-3 kg/m(2)) with a 34% decline in leptin and a 46% decrease in insulin area under the curve (IAUC) to oral glucose tolerance testing. These subjects maintained their pretreatment REE, and thus exhibited a rise in REE:Leptin, while the other 11 showed minimal changes in each of these parameters. For the entire cohort, the change in IAUC correlated negatively wi...

Introduction Patients with history of gestational diabetes (GDM) are at high risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM) after pregnancy. This study investigates the rate of GDM patients who received screening and the prevalence of DM in the early post-partum period. Materials and methods This study included 78 patients diagnosed and treated for GDM between January 2005 and December 2007. They were evaluated whether or not they were screened with 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) or fasting blood glucose measurement at post-partum 6–12-week period. The rates of DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were determined. Results Of 78 GDM patients only 10 (12.8%) patients were screened with OGTT and 27 (34.6%) patients were screened with fasting blood glucose (FBG) measurement. 41 (52.6%) patients did not receive any post-partum screening. Insulin treated patients during pregnancy underwent OGTT more frequently (p = 0.008). We found that 61% of the patients who did not receive any screening test were seen by a doctor for any reason during this period. DM was diagnosed in 50% of patients who underwent OGTT and 7.4% of patients who underwent FBG measurement during early post-partum period (p = 0.013). Conclusion Despite the fact that GDM is generally strictly and carefully monitored during pregnancy, it is usually neglected in the post-partum period. Insulin treated patients during pregnancy should be informed better for post-partum screening with OGTT. OGTT appears to be a better way of screening to diagnose DM.

Introduction and objectivesTraditionally, the oral glucose tolerance test has been useful to diagnose unknown diabetes. Recently, the American Diabetes Association committee has accepted glycated hemoglobin ≥6.5% as a criterion for unknown diabetes. The aim was to determine the benefit of glycated hemoglobin for diagnosing unknown diabetes and also create a predictive model that adjusts the indication for oral glucose tolerance

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the prevalence rates of type 2 diabetes and to determine potential associated risk factors of the disease in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Research design and methods: Five hundred and two (502) subjects aged above 40 years, obtained by a two-stage cluster sampling technique participated in this survey. Casual (random) plasma glucose estimations were done for all subjects after relevant personal data were obtained. Subjects with casual plasma glucose (CPG) ≥7.0 mmol/l had oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) done. Fasting and 2 h post glucose load blood samples were analyzed for plasma glucose levels. Results: Thirty-four (34) subjects had diabetes, giving a crude prevalence rate of 6.8% (CI=4.6–9.0%), and standardized rate of 7.9%. The crude prevalence rates were 7.7 and 5.7% for males and females, respectively. Of the 34 diabetic subjects seen, 14 (41.2%) of them were not previously known to have diabetes; 83.7% of these were asymptomatic. Body mass index (BMI) ≥25 kg/m2 and WHR≥0.85, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity, heavy consumption of alcohol, older age as well as high social status and Hausa–Fulani or Ibibio origin were associated with significantly higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Port Harcourt is relatively high. Changing lifestyle associated with industrialization may explain this. A significant proportion of the diabetic subjects are asymptomatic and undiagnosed. The risk factors as shown in our study clearly emphasize the point that type 2 diabetes is to a large extent a preventable disease.

Pre-diabetes is a growing health concern where a large percentage of these patients develop full type 2 diabetes. Effective interventions on pre-diabetes can prevent or delay the occurrence or development of diabetes. Pharmacodynamics and pre-clinical of JinQi-Jiangtang tablets (JQJT) suggest that it could be benefit for pre-diabetes. Randomized controlled trial (RCT) is implemented in this study. The study term is 24 months (12 months for intervention and 12 months for follow up). Participants are recruited from four cities of China: Beijing, Tianjin, Xi'an and Nanning. Four hundred participants are randomized to treatment group (JQJT tablets) and control group (Placebo); two hundred participants each. People being included in this study must have been diagnosed as pre-diabetes via western medicine criteria and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) criteria. The end-point indexes include: incidence of diabetes mellitus and reversion rate. Primary outcome indexes include: oral gluc...