Specification Tests

Summarizability of OLAP and Statistical Databases is an a extremely important property because violating this condition can lead to erroneous conclusions and decisions. In this paper we explore the conditions for summarizability. We introduce a framework for specifying precisely the ...

We analyze the probability to detect clock faults indirectly through conventional functional testing by considering realistic datapaths derived from ISCAS'85 benchmarks. We show that, even optimistically assuming that we are able to test all short and long paths for min and max delay violations, the detection of clock faults can not be guaranteed, thus mandating new, specific testing approaches for

Closed fishing seasons are sometimes imposed during the breeding period of harvested species in the belief that this will achieve greater annual reproductive output, but no studies have modelled the validity of this. We specifically tested this by simulating reproductive output and yield when closed seasons are imposed at different times of the year, using the limpet Cymbula granatina as a base case for a per-recruit model because (a) the reproduction of individuals that are not harvested is not disturbed by the act of harvesting and (b) the individuals do not aggregate to reproduce, an act that would make them more prone to capture. Model outputs showed that implementation of a closed fishing season during the breeding period does not increase the reproductive output of the population and has only marginal effects on yield if total annual fishing effort remains unchanged. This outcome is, however, dependent on the particular characteristics of the species, particularly whether the species is prone to disturbance or aggregates to breed. When the model was tuned to simulate species that are disturbed by fishing or do become vulnerable to fishing because they aggregate to breed, the reproductive output and yield were substantially increased by the imposition of a closed season during the breeding period. Thus, closure of fishing during the breeding period is effective only for species that conform to either of these conditions, or as a means of reducing annual fishing mortality. The frequent application of closed seasons to species that are not disturbed by harvesting and do not aggregate to breed is therefore generally invalid, despite wide belief that it will improve reproductive success.

Specification tests using stochastic bottleneck models of airport congestion investigate whether dominant airlines internalize or ignore self-imposed delays at twenty-seven major US airports. Data on flight times determine the airport's landing and takeoff delays for every minute of operation during peak travel days. Dynamic congestion functions based on stochastic-queuing theory separately identify delays that aircraft experience directly, impose internally on their airline's other aircraft, or impose externally on other airlines. Specification tests largely reject internalization and fail to reject non-internalization by dominant airlines. Optimal pricing should value all time using non-dominant aircraft time values and treat all delays as external.

... A TEST FOR IXDEPENDENCE BASED ON THE CORRELATION DIhIENSION ... The first order asymptotic distribution of tlie test statistic is independent of estimation error provided tliat the parameters of the model under test can be estimated 6-consistently. ...

This study investigated the relationship between visuo-spatial representation, mental rotation (MR) and functional anatomy examination results. A total of 184 students completed the Group Embedded Figures Test (GEFT), Mental Rotation Test (MRT) and Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control. The time spent on personal assignment was also considered. Men were found to score better than women on both GEFT and MRT, but the gender effect was limited to the interaction with MRT ability in the anatomy learning process. Significant correlations were found between visuo-spatial, MR abilities, and anatomy examination results. Data resulting from the best students’ analyzes underscore the effect of high MR ability which may be considered reliable predictor of success in learning anatomy. The use of specific tests during learning sessions may facilitate the acquisition of anatomical knowledge.