leukocyte Count

The CAMPATH-1 family of antibodies recognize an abundant glycoprotein expressed on virtually all human lymphocytes. All rat IgM and IgG antibodies of this specificity are lytic with human complement, but only IgG2b is active in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We compared the ability of IgM, IgG2a, and IgG2b to deplete lymphocytes in vivo in two patients with prolymphocytic transformation of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The IgM (CAMPATH-1M) produced transient depletion of blood lymphocytes with consumption of complement but had no effect on solid masses or bone marrow. Similar transient depletion of blood lymphocytes was noted with the IgG2a (YTH34.5). In contrast, the IgG2b (CAMPATH-1G) produced long-lasting depletion of lymphocytes from blood and marrow and improvement in splenomegaly but no detectable changes in complement levels. These differences probably reflect the importance of Fc receptor binding for effective clearance of target cells in ...

The present study aimed to determine the effect of oral β-glucan on mucositis and leukopenia in 62 consecutive patients with colorectal cancer treated with an adjuvant FOLFOX-4 regimen. The patients were retrospectively evaluated in 2 groups: one group received β-glucan and the other did not (control group). Leucocytes, neutrophils, and platelets were evaluated before and 1 week after chemotherapy and oral mucositis and diarrhea were noted. Leucocyte and neutrophil counts after chemotherapy in the β-glucan group were 7,300/mm3 and 3,800/mm3, respectively, and the reductions, as compared to baseline, were not significant (p=0.673 and 0.784). The median platelet count was 264,000/mm3 after chemotherapy in the β-glucan group and the reduction, as compared to baseline, was borderline significant (p=0.048). In the control group, reduction in leucocyte, neutrophil, and platelet counts was statistically significant. Oral mucositis and diarrhea were less common in the β-glucan group. We con...

The Mythic 18 is a fully automated hematology bench-top analyzer using impedance technology for a complete blood cell count (CBC) and a 3-part white blood cell count (WBC) differential. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the Mythic for assessment of agreement, precision, linearity, carry-over, stability, and usability under practice conditions. Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid–blood samples from 122 dogs, 140 cats, and 123 horses were analyzed with the Mythic and reference methods (Sysmex XT-2000iV, manual hematocrit, and microscopic WBC differentiation). Pearson’s coefficient of correlation, Passing–Bablok regression analysis, and Bland–Altman difference plots were performed to determine agreement. For precision, standard deviation and coefficients of variation were calculated. Linearity was determined according to Emancipator–Kroll. Red blood cell parameters showed excellent correlation and small biases, except for red cell distribution width and mean corpuscular he...

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A 27-year-old woman was maintained in an isolated state for 131 days in Carlsbad Caverns, New Mexico. Her diet was vitamin D-depleted. Determinations on the effects of such isolation on levels and activities of peripheral blood cells that are important for hematological homeostasis and immunological function were carried out. Throughout the duration of the study, the percentage of lymphoid cells that expressed CD3, CD4, CD8, CD19, Leu 8, and other markers remained relatively constant although the absolute numbers of these cells varied. Although the percentage of natural killer (NK) cells did not vary, the activity of these cells did change. NK cell activity became elevated as the isolation study progressed. Production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in response to mitogen stimulation was higher than expected throughout the isolation periods, but returned to the normal range after termination of the isolation. Red and white cell counts dropped significantly upon entering isolation, but soon returned to normal.

Automated cell counters are widely used in modern clinical laboratories to provide reliable, fast, and cost-effective complete blood counts (CBCs), white blood cell differentials, and reticulocyte measurements. In addition, some advanced instruments provide novel parameters, such as the hemoglobin content of reticulocytes or the percentage of hypochromic cells, and are capable of analysis of a variety of body fluids. Bayer recently introduced the ADVIA 2120 system as an automation-ready cell counter for mid- to high-volume testing in the clinical laboratory. This instrument, which builds on the established technology of the ADVIA 120 system, operates with a cyanide-free method for hemoglobin measurement, has a new user interface, and can routinely analyze biological fluid samples in addition to blood. We used 749 samples from 6 worldwide trial sites to evaluate the clinical performance of this new device. Accuracy of the ADVIA 2120 system versus its predecessor model, the ADVIA 120 ...

Although the knowledge of morphometrics and hematology of reptiles in health has grown substantially in recent years, there are still knowledge gaps in many species and from different geographical regions. The objectives of this study were to document morphometrical measurements and hematological data of clinically healthy free-ranging adult Mesopotamian spiny-tailed lizards (Saara loricata), the Iraqi Mastigure or Iraqi spiny-tailed lizard, from Khuzestan Province, Iran, and to investigate sex differences in evaluated parameters. Although we did not observe any gender differences in morphometrical measurements, the visually larger genital pores of males allowed for differentiation of study animals into females (n = 6) and males (n = 5). We obtained femoral vein blood samples for hematological analysis, including detailed red blood cell (RBC) measurements, RBC count, packed cell volume (PCV), white blood cell (WBC) counts, and blood film review. Gender differences were identified in some RBC measurements, notably length and width of erythrocytes and nucleus width, as well as RBC and WBC counts. Gametocytes of hemogregarines varied from absent to frequent. The information presented herein will be useful for interpretative considerations of health assessment data for this species from Iran in comparison to data from the same and closely related species from other geographical regions

Eosinophils are known to be an indirect marker of airway inflammation in asthma. It is known since long that the total eosinophil count reflects asthmatic activity and is useful for regulating steroid dosage and for early detection of exacerbations. Eosinophils are currently regarded as the effector cells responsible for much of the pathology of asthma. Eosinophil-mediated damage to the respiratory epithelium is a major pathogenetic mechanism in asthma. This article is a review of the latest works about the relationship of eosinophil and eosinophil products with asthma.

Methods and Results— Twelve dogs underwent ameroid constrictor placement. Thirty days later, they received intramyocardial injections of either MSCs (100x10 6 MSCs/10 mL saline) (n=6) or saline only (10 mL) (controls) (n=6). All were euthanized at 60 days. Resting and ...

Immune competence of the ewe mammary gland was investigated by monitoring the leukocyte differential count, cytokine pattern, and endogenous proteolytic enzymes in milk samples with different somatic cell counts (SCC) and pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, the leukocyte differential count and T-lymphocyte populations were evaluated in ewe blood. A total of 1,500 individual milk samples were randomly selected from the pool of the samples collected during sampling and grouped into 5 classes of 300 samples each, on the basis of SCC. Classes were <300,000 cells/mL, from 300,000 to 500,000 cells/mL, from 501,000 to 1,000,000 cells/mL, from 1,001,000 to 2,000,000 cells/mL, and >2,000,000 cells/mL. Microbiological analyses of ewe milk were conducted to detect mastitis-related pathogens. Sheep whose udders were without clinical abnormalities, and whose milk was apparently normal but with at least 10(3)cfu/mL of the same pathogen were considered to have subclinical mastitis and therefor...

To establish reference haematological values (complete blood count) in healthy full-term newborns of Karachi. This is a cross sectional study design based on cord blood sample of 404 newborns and their mothers recruited from Sindh Government Qatar Hospital, Ziauddin University Hospital gole market campus, Sindh Government hospital, Liaquatabad and Chinniot maternity and child hospital. Karachi from July 2006 to April 2008. Both mother's and the new born baby's blood was collected in EDTA containing tubes and analyzed for different haematological parameters. The data entry and analysis was done on computer package SPSS (Statistical Packages of Social Sciences) version 12.0. The results were given in the text as mean, standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals of haematological values (complete blood count). The mean haemoglobin was found to be (14.99 +/- 1.47 gm), which is lower than the standard value described in literature. However the total WBCs count and platelet co...

Few data are available to assist clinicians with decisions regarding long-term use of asthma therapies, including omalizumab. We sought to evaluate the benefit and persistence of response in subjects continuing or withdrawing from long-term omalizumab treatment. Evaluating the Xolair Persistency Of Response After Long-Term Therapy (XPORT) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled withdrawal study that included subjects with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma receiving long-term omalizumab. Subjects were randomized by using a hierarchical dynamic randomization scheme to continue their same dose of omalizumab or withdraw to placebo and were then followed every 4 weeks for 1 year. The primary outcome was any protocol-defined severe asthma exacerbation. The secondary outcome was time to first protocol-defined severe asthma exacerbation. Exploratory outcomes included changes in Asthma Control Questionnaire and Asthma Control Test scores. Significantly more subjects in the omal...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether a session of prior exercise could ameliorate postprandial endothelial dysfunction. BACKGROUND: Endothelial function is impaired after fat ingestion, and this may be related to rises in triglyceride concentrations. Exercise ...

Lymphocyte subsets were determined in 20 packed red blood cell units (PRC) before and after filtration (FPRC) with the Pall Leukotrap RC inline filter system; 10 units were prepared by low spin and platelet rich plasma (PRP) removal (Group A) and 10 with high spin, plasma and buffy-coat (BC) removal (Group B). Flow cytometry was employed for white blood cell (WBC) enumeration and phenotype analysis. Median WBCs in prefiltered units was 2.08 x 10(9) (Group A) vs. 0.8 x 10(9) (Group B) (p < 0.0001). Five Group A and three Group B filtered units had WBC counts above the limit of detection (LD), median values being 25.59 and 3.08 x 10(3), respectively. Whereas CD3+, CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ lymphocyte subsets were assessable in 20-40% of Group A units, inline filtration of Group B units lowered lymphocytes below the LD of the present study. Post-filtration CD19+ lymphocytes were below the LD in all the 20 units.

SummaryA significant association between elevated white blood cell (WBC) count and mortality in patients with cancer has been reported,but the predictive value of elevatedWBC on mortality in cancer patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) has not been explored. RIETE is an ongoing registry of consecutive patients with acute VTE. We compared the three-month outcome of cancer patients with acuteVTE according to theirWBC count at baseline. As of May 2007, 3805 patients with active cancer and acuteVTE had been enrolled in RIETE. Of them, 215 (5.7%) had low- (<4,000 cells/µl), 2,403 (63%) normal- (4,000–11,000 cells/µl), 1,187 (31%) elevated (>11,000 cells/µl) WBC count. During the study period 190 patients (5.0%) had recurrent VTE, 156 (4.1%) major bleeding, 889 (23%) died (399 of disseminated cancer, 113 of PE, 46 of bleeding. Patients with elevated WBC count at baseline had an increased incidence of recurrent VTE (odds ratio [OR]: 1.6; 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.2–2....

An evaluation of SYSMEX NE-8000 (Toa Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Kobe, Japan) hematology analyzer, including its automated five-part white blood cell (WBC) differential count, was performed in a high-volume outpatient laboratory. Precision, mixing studies, stability, carry-over, and linearity were all within the limits stated by the manufacturer. Evaluation of the five-part WBC differential revealed excellent correlation with manual differential neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. Monocyte, eosinophil, and basophil data were acceptable given the known poor precision of 200 cell manual WBC differential counts when low percentages of individual cell types are present. Overall, flagging for morphologic abnormalities displayed a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 97%. The combination of the flagging system with the visual record provided by the NE-8000 WBC histogram represents an effective tool for separating normal from abnormal specimens, and allows considerable selectivity in t...

Leukotrienes (LTs) producing capacity was investigated in calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated peripheral white blood cells and peritoneal inflammatory cells suspension isolated from the same rat. A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography technique and computerized UV spectroscopy were employed to isolate and quantitate the released LTs namely, LTC(4) and LTB(4). Preincubation of rat peritoneal inflammatory cells at 37 degrees C for 5 min followed by calcium ionophore A23187 stimulation for another 5 min produced significantly elevated amounts of LTB(4) as compared to peripheral white blood cells isolated from the same rat (103+/-12.7 versus 40+/-3.6 pmol/10(7) cells, respectively; mean+/-SEM). Enhanced generation of LTB(4) was associated with production of similar amounts of LTC(4) as compared with LTC(4) produced by peripheral white blood cells (15.2+/-4.2 versus 14.6+/-2 pmol/10(7) cells, respectively). In subsequent experiments, when peritoneal inflammatory cells and white blood cells suspension isolated from the same rats were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 (1 micro M) after preincubation with different concentrations of exogenous arachidonic acid (1, 3 and 10 micro M), significantly higher amounts of LTB(4) were produced by the peritoneal inflamed cells while a similar amounts of LTC(4)were produced by both types of cells. Increased LTB(4) formation by rat peritoneal inflammatory cells may prove to be of pathophysiological relevance, since this compound has been described to play an important role in acute inflammatory reaction.

Background Haematological adverse events related to pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) and ribavirin (RBV) therapy could affect the patients’ quality of life; however, the risk factors for severe haematological toxicity associated with this therapy in patients coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV are unclear. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of severe haematological toxicity among HIV-HCV-coinfected patients treated with PEG-IFN plus RBV. Methods This retrospective multicentric study included 237 HIV-HCV-coinfected patients on PEG-IFN plus RBV. Predictors of severe anaemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and overall haematological toxicity were analyzed. Results Eighty (34%) individuals showed an episode of severe haematological toxicity. Severe anaemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia occurred in 32 (13%), 42 (18%) and 26 (11%) patients, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, zidovudine use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 3.3; 95% confidence interval [C...

To evaluate whether obese patients with a binge eating disorder (BED) have an altered metabolic and inflammatory profile related to their eating behaviors compared with non-BED obese.A total of 115 White obese patients consecutively recruited underwent biochemical, anthropometrical evaluation, and a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. Patients answered the Binge Eating Scale and were interviewed by a psychiatrist. The patients were subsequently divided into 2 groups according to diagnosis: non-BED obese (n = 85) and BED obese (n = 30). Structural equation modeling analysis was performed to elucidate the relation between eating behaviors and metabolic and inflammatory profile.BED obese exhibited significantly higher percentages of altered eating behaviors, body mass index (P < 0.001), waist circumference (P < 0.01), fat mass (P < 0.001), and a lower lean mass (P < 0.001) when compared with non-BED obese. Binge eating disorder obese also had a worse metabolic and inflammator...

This study assessed the prognostic value of pre-treatment neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with metastatic solid tumors. Clinical and biological data for patients with metastatic solid tumors treated in an oncology outpatient department and prospectively followed by a call center (PROCHE program) between January 2008 and December 2011 were analyzed. All patients with an NLR value within 28 days before the first cycle of first-line of chemotherapy were included (cohort 1). To assess influence of chemotherapy line on NLR prognostic value, data from patients treated with later chemotherapy lines were also analyzed (cohort 2). Adjusted multivariate Cox regressions with or without non-linear and time-dependent effects were performed. Optimal NLR cut-off was investigated by time-dependent sensitivity analysis using several indices. There were 317 and 134 patients in cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Elevated NLR was associated with worse survival (hazard ratio [HR] for death,...

A number of immunological functions has been found to be endowed with biological rhythmicity. Variations of peripheral blood lymphocytes, immediate and delayed hypersensitivity responses, and reactivity of the immune system to antigenic challenge have consistently shown circadian bioperiodicity. By employing a panel of monoclonal antibodies specific for the various lymphocyte subsets, we have been able to detect rhythmic variations in the number of total T lymphocytes, as well as of the T helper (TH) and the T suppressor/cytotoxic (Ts) subsets. Available evidence clearly indicates such circadian variations to be due to compartmentalization of circulating lymphocytes in several lymphoid organs. Biological rhythms (circadian, circaseptan, etc.) have been demonstrated in several immunological situations of clinical interest, including variations of TH and Ts cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis incidence of allograft rejections, antitumoral effectiveness of chemoimmunotherapy, a...