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Quantification of Cardiorespiratory Interactions Based on Joint Symbolic Dynamics

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Abstract

Cardiac and respiratory rhythms are highly nonlinear and nonstationary. As a result traditional time-domain techniques are often inadequate to characterize their complex dynamics. In this article, we introduce a novel technique to investigate the interactions between R–R intervals and respiratory phases based on their joint symbolic dynamics. To evaluate the technique, electrocardiograms (ECG) and respiratory signals were recorded in 13 healthy subjects in different body postures during spontaneous and controlled breathing. Herein, the R–R time series were extracted from ECG and respiratory phases were obtained from abdomen impedance belts using the Hilbert transform. Both time series were transformed into ternary symbol vectors based on the changes between two successive R–R intervals or respiratory phases. Subsequently, words of different symbol lengths were formed and the correspondence between the two series of words was determined to quantify the interaction between cardiac and respiratory cycles. To validate our results, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was further studied using the phase-averaged characterization of the RSA pattern. The percentage of similarity of the sequence of symbols, between the respective words of the two series determined by joint symbolic dynamics, was significantly reduced in the upright position compared to the supine position (26.4 ± 4.7 vs. 20.5 ± 5.4%, p < 0.01). Similarly, RSA was also reduced during upright posture, but the difference was less significant (0.11 ± 0.02 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01 s, p < 0.05). In conclusion, joint symbolic dynamics provides a new efficient technique for the analysis of cardiorespiratory interaction that is highly sensitive to the effects of orthostatic challenge.

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Acknowledgments

The research was supported by the Australian Research Council (grant # DP 110102049).

Conflict of Interest

There is no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    Muammar M. Kabir, David A. Saint, Derek Abbott & Mathias Baumert

  2. School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    Muammar M. Kabir, Derek Abbott & Mathias Baumert

  3. School of Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia

    David A. Saint

  4. School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia

    Eugene Nalivaiko

  5. Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Jena, Germany

    Andreas Voss

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  1. Muammar M. Kabir
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Correspondence to Muammar M. Kabir.

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Associate Editor Jane Grande-Allen oversaw the review of this article.

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Kabir, M.M., Saint, D.A., Nalivaiko, E. et al. Quantification of Cardiorespiratory Interactions Based on Joint Symbolic Dynamics. Ann Biomed Eng 39, 2604–2614 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0332-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0332-3

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