Making Things Happen: A Model of Proactive Motivation
Abstract
Being proactive is about making things happen, anticipating and preventing problems, and seizing opportunities. It involves self-initiated efforts to bring about change in the work environment and/or oneself to achieve a different future. The authors develop existing perspectives on this topic by identifying proactivity as a goal-driven process involving both the setting of a proactive goal (proactive goal generation) and striving to achieve that proactive goal (proactive goal striving). The authors identify a range of proactive goals that individuals can pursue in organizations. These vary on two dimensions: the future they aim to bring about (achieving a better personal fit within one’s work environment, improving the organization’s internal functioning, or enhancing the organization’s strategic fit with its environment) and whether the self or situation is being changed. The authors then identify “can do,” “reason to,” and “energized to” motivational states that prompt proactive goal generation and sustain goal striving. Can do motivation arises from perceptions of self-efficacy, control, and (low) cost. Reason to motivation relates to why someone is proactive, including reasons flowing from intrinsic, integrated, and identified motivation. Energized to motivation refers to activated positive affective states that prompt proactive goal processes. The authors suggest more distal antecedents, including individual differences (e.g., personality, values, knowledge and ability) as well as contextual variations in leadership, work design, and interpersonal climate, that influence the proactive motivational states and thereby boost or inhibit proactive goal processes. Finally, the authors summarize priorities for future research.
Get full access to this article
View all access and purchase options for this article.
References
Aragon-Correa, J.A. 1998. Strategic proactivity and firm approach to the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal, 41: 556-567.
Ashford, S.J., & Black, J.S. 1996. Proactivity during organizational entry: The role of desire for control. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81: 199-214.
Ashford, S.J., Blatt, R., & VandeWalle, D. 2003. Reflections on the looking glass: A review of research on feedback-seeking behavior in organization. Journal of Management, 29: 773-799.
Ashford, S.J., & Cummings, L.L. 1985. Proactive feedback seeking: The instrumental use of the environment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 58: 67-79.
Ashford, S.J., & Northcraft, G.B. 1992. Conveying more (or less) than we realize: The role of impression management in feedback seeking. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 53: 310-334.
Ashford, S.J., Rothbard, N.P., Piderit, S.K., & Dutton, J.E. 1998. Out on a limb: The role of context and impression management in selling gender-equity issues. Administrative Science Quarterly, 43: 23-57.
Ashforth, B.E., Sluss, D.M., & Saks, A.M. 2007. Socialization tactics, proactive behavior, and newcomer learning: Integrating socialization models. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70: 447-462.
Aspinwall, L.G. 2005. The psychology of future-oriented thinking: From achievement to proactive coping, adaptation, and aging. Motivation and Emotion, 29: 203-235.
Aspinwall, L.G., Sechrist, G.B., & Jones, P.R. 2005. Expect the best and prepare for the worst: Anticipatory coping and preparations for Y2K. Motivation and Emotion, 29: 357-388.
Axtell, C.M., Holman, D.J., Unsworth, K.L., Wall, T.D., & Waterson, P.E. 2000. Shopfloor innovation: Facilitating the suggestion and implementation of ideas. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73: 265-285.
Axtell, C.M., & Parker, S.K. 2003. Promoting role breadth self-efficacy through involvement, work redesign and training. Human Relations, 56: 113-131.
Bandura, A. 1991. Social cognitive theory of self-regulation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50: 248-287.
Bandura, A. 1997. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bateman, T.S., & Crant, J.M. 1993. The proactive component of organizational-behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14: 103-118.
Baumeister, R.F., Vohs, K.D., DeWall, C.N., & Zhang, L. 2007. How emotion shapes behavior: Feedback, anticipation, and reflection, rather than direct causation. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 11: 167-203.
Belschak, F.D., & Den Hartog, D.N. in press. Different foci of proactive behavior: The role of transformational leadership. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Berg, J.M., Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J.E. 2010. Perceiving and responding to challenges in job crafting at different ranks: When proactivity requires adaptivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 31:158-186.
Bindl, U.K., & Parker, S.K. 2009. Investigating self-regulatory elements of proactivity at work. Working paper, Institute of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Bindl, U.K., & Parker, S.K.in press-a. Feeling good and performing well? Psychological engagement and positive behaviors at work. In S. Albrecht (Ed.), The handbook of employee engagement: Models, measures and practice. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.
Bindl, U.K., & Parker, S.K. in press-b. Proactive work behavior: Forward-thinking and change-oriented action in organizations. In S. Zedeck (Ed.), APA handbook of industrial and organizational psychology. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association .
Binnewies, C., Sonnentag, S., & Mojza, E.J. 2009. Daily performance at work: Feeling recovered in the morning as a predictor of day-level job performance. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 30: 67-93.
Bledow, R., & Frese, M. 2009. A situational judgment test of personal initiative and its relationship to performance. Personnel Psychology, 62: 229-258.
Brehm, J.W. 1999. The intensity of emotion. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 3: 2-22.
Brockner, J. 1988. Self-esteem at work: Research, theory, and practice. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Brown, D.J., Cober, R.T., Kane, K., Levy, P.E., & Shalhoop, J. 2006. Proactive personality and the successful job search: A field investigation with college graduates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 717-726.
Burris, E.R., Detert, J.R., & Chiaburu, D.S. 2008. Quitting before leaving: The mediating effects of psychological attachment and detachment on voice . Journal of Applied Psychology, 93: 912-922.
Carless, S.A., & Bernath, L. 2007. Antecedents of intent to change careers among psychologists . Journal of Career Development, 33: 183-200.
Carnevale, P.J.D., & Isen, A.M. 1986. The influence of positive affect and visual access on the discovery of integrative solutions in bilateral negotiation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 37: 1-13.
Carver, C.S., & Scheier, M.F. 1998. On the self-regulation of behavior. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Chan, D. 2006. Interactive effects of situational judgment effectiveness and proactive personality on work perceptions and work outcomes. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 475-481.
Chen, G., & Gogus, C.I. 2008. Motivation in and of work teams: A multilevel perspective . In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future. The organizational frontiers series: 285-318. New York: Routledge.
Chen, G., & Kanfer, R. 2006. Toward a system theory of motivated behavior in work teams . In B. M. Staw (Ed.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 27): 223-267. Greenwich, CT: JAI.
Choi, J.N. 2007. Change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior: Effects of work environment characteristics and intervening psychological processes . Journal of Organizational Behavior, 28: 467-484.
Crant, J.M. 2000. Proactive behavior in organizations. Journal of Management, 26: 435-462.
Crant, J.M., & Bateman, T.S. 2000. Charismatic leadership viewed from above: The impact of proactive personality. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 21: 63-75.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. 1988. The flow experience and its significance for human psychology . In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. S. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness: 15-35. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Damasio, A.R. 1994. Descartes’ error: Emotion, reason, and the human brain. New York: Avon Books.
Deci, E.L., Koestner, R., & Ryan, R.M. 1999. A meta-analytic review of experiments examining the effects of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 125: 627-668.
Deci, E.L., & Ryan, R.M. 2000. The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11: 227-268.
Deluga, R.J. 1998. American presidential proactivity, charismatic leadership, and rated performance. Leadership Quarterly, 9: 265-291.
Dutton, J.E., & Ashford, S.J. 1993. Selling issues to top management. Academy of Management Review, 18: 397-428.
Dutton, J.E., Ashford, S.J., O’Neill, R.M., Hayes, E., & Wierba, E.E. 1997. Reading the wind: How middle managers assess the context for selling issues to top managers. Strategic Management Journal, 18: 407-423.
Dutton, J.E., Ashford, S.J., O’Neill, R.M., & Lawrence, K.A. 2001. Moves that matter: Issue selling and organizational change. Academy of Management Journal, 44: 716-736.
Dweck, C.S. 1986. Motivational processes affecting learning. American Psychologist, 41: 1040-1048.
Eccles, J.S., Adler, T.F., Futterman, R., Goff, S.B., Kaczala, C.M., Meece, J.L., et al. 1983. Expectancies, values, and academic behaviors . In J. T. Spence (Ed.), Achievement and achievement motivation: 5-146. San Francisco : Freeman.
Eccles, J.S., & Wigfield, A. 2002. Motivational beliefs, values, and goals. Annual Review of Psychology, 53: 109-132.
Erdogan, B., & Bauer, T.N. 2005. Enhancing career benefits of employee proactive personality: The role of fit with jobs and organizations. Personnel Psychology, 58: 859-891.
Fay, D., & Frese, M. 2001. The concept of personal initiative: An overview of validity studies. Human Performance, 14: 97-124.
Fredrickson, B.L. 1998. What good are positive emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2: 300-319.
Frese, M., & Fay, D. 2001. Personal initiative (PI): An active performance concept for work in the 21st century. In B. M. Staw & R. M. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 23): 133-187. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Frese, M., Kring, W., Soose, A., & Zempel, J. 1996. Personal initiative at work: Differences between East and West Germany. Academy of Management Journal, 39(1): 37-63.
Frese, M., Garst, H., & Fay, D. 2007. Making things happen: Reciprocal relationships between work characteristics and personal initiative in a four-wave longitudinal structural equation model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1084-1102.
Frese, M., Teng, E., & Wijnen, C.J.D. 1999. Helping to improve suggestion systems: Predictors of making suggestions in companies. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 20: 1139-1155.
Frijda, N.H. 1986. The emotions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Fritz, C., & Sonnentag, S. 2009. Antecedents of day-level proactive behavior: A look at job stressors and positive affect during the workday. Journal of Management, 35: 94-111.
Fuller, B., Jr., & Marler, L. E. 2009. Change driven by nature: A meta-analytic review of the proactive personality literature. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75: 329-345.
Fuller, B., Jr., Marler, L.E., & Hester, K. 2006. Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: Exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design . Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 1089-1120.
Gagné, M., & Deci, E.L. 2005. Self-determination theory and work motivation. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26: 331-362.
Gervey, B., Igou, E.R., & Trope, Y. 2005. Positive mood and future-oriented self-evaluation. Motivation and Emotion, 29: 269-296.
Gollwitzer, P.M. ( 1990). Action phases and mind-sets. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Eds.), Handbook of motivation and cognition (Vol. 2): 53-92. New York: Guilford.
Grant, A.M. 2007. Relational job design and the motivation to make a prosocial difference. Academy of Management Review, 32: 393-417.
Grant, A.M., & Ashford, S.J. 2008. The dynamics of proactivity at work: Lessons from feedback-seeking and organizational citizenship behavior research. In B. M. Staw & R. M. Sutton (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 28): 3-34. Amsterdam : Elsevier.
Grant, A.M., Parker, S.K., & Collins, C.G. 2009. Getting credit for proactive behavior: Supervisor reactions depend on what you value and how you feel. Personnel Psychology, 62: 31-55.
Grant, A.M., & Sumanth, J.J. in press. Mission possible? The performance of prosocially motivated employees depends on manager trustworthiness. Journal of Applied Psychology .
Griffin, M.A., Neal, A., & Parker, S.K. 2007. A new model of work role performance: Positive behavior in uncertain and interdependent contexts. Academy of Management Journal, 50: 327-347.
Griffin, M.A., Parker, S.K., & Mason, C.M. in press. Leader vision and the development of adaptive and proactive performance: A longitudinal study. Journal of Applied Psychology .
Hobfoll, S.E. 1989. Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44: 513-524.
Howell, J.M., & Boies, K. 2004. Champions of technological innovation: The influence of contextual knowledge, role orientation, idea generation, and idea promotion on champion emergence. Leadership Quarterly, 15: 123-143.
Ilies, R., & Judge, T.A. 2005. Goal regulation across time: The effects of feedback and affect. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 453-467.
Isen, A.M. 1999. On the relationship between affect and creative problem solving. In S. Russ (Ed.), Affect, creative experience, and psychological adjustment: 3-17. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis.
Isen, A.M., & Reeve, J. 2005. The influence of positive affect on intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: Facilitating enjoyment of play, responsible work behavior, and self-control. Motivation and Emotion, 2: 295-323.
Janssen, O., & Van Yperen, N.W. 2004. Employees’ goal orientations, the quality of leader-member exchange, and the outcomes of job performance and job satisfaction. Academy of Management Journal, 47: 368-384.
Johnson, E.C., Kristof-Brown, A.L., Van Vianen, A.E.M., De Pater, I.E., & Klein, M.R. 2003. Expatriate social ties: personality antecedents and consequences for adjustment. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11: 277-289.
Kanfer, R., & Ackerman, P.L. 1989. Motivation and cognitive abilities: An integrative/aptitude-treatment interaction approach to skill acquisition. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74: 657-690.
Kanfer, R., & Kantrowitz, T.M. 2002. Emotion regulation: Command and control of emotion in work life. In R. G. Lord, R. J. Klimoski, & R. Kanfer (Eds.), Emotions in the workplace: 433-471. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass .
Kanfer, R., Wanberg, C.R., & Kantrowitz, T.M. 2001. Job search and employment: A personality-motivational analysis and meta-analytic review. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86: 837-855.
Kim, T.Y., & Wang, J. 2008. Proactive personality and newcomer feedback seeking: The moderating roles of supervisor feedback and organizational justice. In M. A. Rahim (Ed.), Current topics in management (Vol. 13): 91-108. London : Transaction Publishing.
Kirkman, B.L., & Rosen, B. 1999. Beyond self-management: Antecedents and consequences of team empowerment. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 58-74.
Koestner, R., & Losier, G.F. 2002. Distinguishing three ways of being highly motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research: 101-121. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Kraiger, K., Billings, R.S., & Isen, A.M. 1989. The influence of positive affective states on task perceptions and satisfaction. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 44: 12-25.
Lakhani, K.R., & Wolf, R.G. 2003. Why hackers do what they do: Understanding motivation and effort in free/ open source software projects. MIT Sloan working paper no. 4425-03, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge.
Leary, M.R. 2007. Motivational and emotional aspects of the self. Annual Review of Psychology, 58: 317-344.
LePine, J.A., & Van Dyne, L. 1998. Predicting voice behavior in work groups. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 853-868.
Liberman, N., & Trope, Y. 1998. The role of feasibility and desirability considerations in near and distant future decisions: A test of temporal construal theory . Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75: 5-18.
Locke, E.A., & Latham, G.P. 1990. A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Major, D.A., Turner, J.E., & Fletcher, T.D. 2006. Linking proactive personality and the Big Five to motivation to learn and development activity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 927-935.
Massimini, F., & Carli, M. 1988. The systematic assessment of flow in daily life. In M. Csikszentmihalyi & I. S. Csikszentmihalyi (Eds.), Optimal experience: Psychological studies of flow in consciousness: 266-287. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
McAllister, D.J., Kamdar, D., Morrison, E.W., & Turban, D.B. 2007. Disentangling role perceptions: How perceived role breadth, discretion, instrumentality, and efficacy relate to helping and taking charge . Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1200-1211.
Mischel, W., & Shoda, Y. 1995. A cognitive-affective system theory of personality: Reconceptualizing situations, dispositions, dynamics, and invariance in personality structure . Psychological Review, 102: 246-268.
Morrison, E.W., & Phelps, C.C. 1999. Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42: 403-419.
Oettingen, G., Mayer, D., Thorpe, J.S., Janetzke, H., & Lorenz, S. 2005. Turning fantasies about positive and negative futures into self-improvement goals. Motivation and Emotion, 29: 237-267.
Ohly, S., & Fritz, C. 2007. Challenging the status quo: What motivates proactive behavior ? Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80: 623-629.
Ohly, S., Sonnentag, S., & Pluntke, F. 2006. Routinization, work characteristics and their relationships with creative and proactive behaviors. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27: 257-279.
Oyserman, D., & Markus, H.R. 1990. Possible selves and delinquency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59: 112-125.
Parker, S.K. 1998. Enhancing role breadth self-efficacy: The roles of job enrichment and other organizational interventions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83: 835-852.
Parker, S.K. 2007. How positive affect can facilitate proactive behavior in the work place. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Philadelphia.
Parker, S.K., & Collins, C.G. 2009. Life values, goal orientations, and proactive behavior in the work place. Paper presented at the conference of the Academy of Management, Chicago.
Parker, S.K., & Collins, C.G. 2010. Taking stock: Integrating and differentiating multiple proactive behaviors. Journal of Management. Advance online publication.
Parker, S.K., Johnson, A., & Collins, C.G. 2006. Enhancing proactive patient care: An intervention study . Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Atlanta.
Parker, S.K., & Ohly, S. 2008. Designing motivating work. In R. Kanfer, G. Chen, & R. D. Pritchard (Eds.), Work motivation: Past, present, and future: 233-384. New York: Routledge.
Parker, S.K., & Sprigg, C.A. 1999. Minimizing strain and maximizing learning: The role of job demands, job control, and proactive personality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84: 925-939.
Parker, S.K., Wall, T.D., & Jackson, P.R. 1997. "That’s not my job": Developing flexible employee work orientations. Academy of Management Journal, 40: 899-929.
Parker, S.K., Williams, H.M., & Turner, N. 2006. Modeling the antecedents of proactive behavior at work . Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 636-652.
Raabe, B., Frese, M., & Beehr, T.A. 2007. Action regulation theory and career self-management. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 70: 297-311.
Rank, J., & Bayas, N. 2008. Applying fantasy realization theory to organizational behavior: Future-related thinking, leadership and innovation. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Academy of Management, Anaheim, CA.
Rank, J., Carsten, J.M., Unger, J.M., & Spector, P.E. 2007. Proactive customer service performance: Relationships with individual, task, and leadership variables. Human Performance, 20: 363-390.
Rank, J., Nelson, N.E., Allen, T.D., & Xu, X. in press. Leadership predictors of innovation and task performance: Subordinates’ self-esteem and self-presentation as moderators. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology.
Rigby, C.S., Deci, E.L., Patrick, B.C., & Ryan, R.M. 1992. Beyond the intrinsic-extrinsic dichotomy: Self-determination in motivation and learning. Motivation and Emotion, 16: 165-185.
Roberts, B.W., Chernyshenko, O., Stark, S., & Goldberg, L. 2005. The structure of conscientiousness: An empirical investigation based on seven major personality questionnaires. Personnel Psychology, 58: 103-139.
Rousseau, D.M., Ho, V.T., & Greenberg, J. 2006. I-deals: Idiosyncratic terms in employment relationships . Academy of Management Review, 31: 977-994.
Rupp, D.E., & Spencer, S. 2006. When customers lash out: The effects of customer interactional injustice on emotional labor and the mediating role of discrete emotions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91: 971-978.
Russell, J.A. 2003. Core affect and the psychological construction of emotion . Psychological Review, 110: 145-172.
Salanova, M., & Schaufeli, W.B. 2008. A cross-national study of work engagement as a mediator between job resources and proactive behaviour . International Journal of Human Resource Management, 19: 116-131.
Schwartz, S.H. 2010. Basic Values: How they motivate and inhibit prosocial behavior. In Mario Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Prosocial motives, emotions, and behavior: The better angels of our nature: 221-241. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association .
Schwarz, N. 1990. Feelings as information: Informational and motivational functions of affective states. In E. T. Higgins & R. M. Sorrentino (Ed.), Handbook of motivation and cognition: Foundations of social behavior (Vol. 2): 527-561. New York: Guilford .
Scott, S.G., & Bruce, R.A. 1994. Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37: 580-607.
Seibert, S.E., Kraimer, M.L., & Crant, J.M. 2001. What do proactive people do? A longitudinal model linking proactive personality and career success. Personnel Psychology, 54: 845-874.
Seo, M.-G., Barrett, L.F., & Bartunek, J.M. 2004. The role of affective experience in work motivation. Academy of Management Review, 29: 423-439.
Seo, M.-G., Bartunek, J.M., & Feldman Barrett, L. 2009. The role of affective experience in work motivation: Test of a conceptual model. Journal of Organizational Behavior. Advance online publication.
Sheldon, K.M., & Elliot, A.J. 1999. Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76: 482-497.
Sonnentag, S. 2003. Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 518-528.
Strathman, A., Gleicher, F., Boninger, D.S., & Edwards, C.S. 1994. The consideration of future consequences: Weighing immediate and distant outcomes of behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66: 742-752.
Strauss, K., Griffin, M.A., & Parker, S.K. 2009. Future work selves: How hoped for and feared selves motivate behavior in organizations. Working paper, Institute of Work Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
Strauss, K., Griffin, M.A., & Rafferty, A.E. 2009. Proactivity directed toward the team and organization: The role of leadership, commitment, and confidence . British Journal of Management, 20: 279-291.
Tett, R.P., & Burnett, D.D. 2003. A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88: 500-517.
Thompson, J.A. 2005. Proactive personality and job performance: A social capital perspective. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90: 1011-1017.
Tidwell, M., & Sias, P. 2005. Personality and information seeking: Understanding how traits influence information seeking behaviors. Journal of Business Communication, 42: 51-77.
Tsai, W.C., Chen, C.C., & Liu, H.L. 2007. Test of a model linking employee positive moods and task performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92: 1570-1583.
Tuckey, M., Brewer, N., & Williamson, P. 2002. The influence of motives and goal orientation on feedback seeking. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 75: 195-216.
van Knippenberg, D., van Knippenberg, B., De Cremer, D., & Hogg, M.A. 2004. Leadership, self, and identity: A review and research agenda. Leadership Quarterly, 15: 825-856.
VandeWalle, D., & Cummings, L.L. 1997. A test of the influence of goal orientation on the feedback-seeking process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82: 390-400.
Vroom, V.H. 1964. Work and motivation. New York: John Wiley.
Wagner, S.H., Parker, C.P., & Christianson, N.D. 2003. Employees that think and act like owners: Effects of ownership beliefs and behaviors on organizational effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, 56: 847-858.
Wegener, D.T., & Petty, R.E. 1996. Effects of mood on persuasion processes: Enhancing, reducing, and biasing scrutiny of attitude-relevant information. In L. L. Martin & A. Tesser (Eds.), Striving and feeling: Interactions among goals, affect, and self-regulation: 329-362. Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum.
Wegner, D.M., Vallacher, R.R., Kiersted, G., & Dizadjii, D. 1986. Action identification in the emergence of social behavior . Social Cognition, 4: 18-38.
Williams, H., Parker, S.K., & Turner, N. 2009. What makes a proactive team? Working paper.
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J.E. 2001. Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26: 179-201.
Wrzesniewski, A., McCauley, C., Rozin, P., & Schwartz, B. 1997. Jobs, careers, and callings: People’s relations to their work. Journal of Research in Personality, 31: 21-33.
Cite article
Cite article
Cite article
OR
Download to reference manager
If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice
Information, rights and permissions
Information
Published In
Article first published online: May 14, 2010
Issue published: July 2010
Keywords
Authors
Metrics and citations
Metrics
Article usage*
Total views and downloads: 15680
*Article usage tracking started in December 2016
Altmetric
See the impact this article is making through the number of times it’s been read, and the Altmetric Score.
Learn more about the Altmetric Scores
Articles citing this one
Receive email alerts when this article is cited
Web of Science: 527 view articles Opens in new tab
Crossref: 1029
-
Examining the impact of Islamic work ethics on employee voice behavior...
-
A new perspective on balancing life domains: work–nonwork balance craf...
-
Interactive effects of AI awareness and change-oriented leadership on ...
-
Employee resilience during crisis: A three-tiered perspective on its ‘...
-
Proactive behaviors and health care workers: A systematic review
-
Leader affective presence, psychological safety and team proactive pro...
-
Team Disseminative Capacity: Exploring the Role of Collaborative Proce...
-
Fostering metacognitive activities during job search: The Three Good J...
-
Managing Your Boss (MYB) as a proactive followership behavior: Constru...
-
Delving into the link between employee proactivity and knowledge shari...
-
Can high performers take charge? The effects of role breadth self-effi...
-
Good and bad days at work: A descriptive review of day‐level and exper...
-
Exploring the impact of inclusive leadership on proactive work behavio...
-
More autonomy, more proactive? The (in)congruence effects of autonomy ...
-
How do tangible and intangible rewards encourage employee voice? The p...
-
Help-seeking at work: an integrative review, organizing framework and ...
-
A study on the double-edged sword effect of inclusive leadership on em...
-
The influence of individual and contextual factors on proactivity and ...
-
Inclusive leadership and employee involvement in proactive behavior at...
-
Longitudinal Job Crafting Research: A Meta-Analysis
-
The effect of collectivism-oriented human resource management on emplo...
-
Proactive Language Learning Theory
-
Crafting behaviours and employees’ and their partners’ well-being: a w...
-
Ethical leadership and employee creativity among engineering employees...
-
Job and off‐job crafting profiles: Time‐lagged relationships with job,...
-
Managerial coaching and taking charge at work: the mediating roles of ...
-
The impact of green HR practices on employee proactive behaviour
-
Strategic Decision-Making and Performance in Social Enterprises: Proce...
-
Not detaching from work during leisure time: A control‐theory perspect...
-
How proactive subordinates cope with supervisor knowledge hiding: the ...
-
Doing Good and Doing Well? CSR Climate as a Driver of Team Empowerment...
-
Perceived overqualification and employee outcomes: The dual pathways a...
-
Employee Perceptions of Supervisor Credibility: Predictive Effects for...
-
How does entrepreneurial leadership affect employees’ taking charge? A...
-
Capable Fish or Deficient Ponds? A Meta-Analysis of Consequences, Mech...
-
Sailing through the international assignment: exploring the role of pe...
-
How does artificial intelligence (AI) enhance hospitality employee inn...
-
Proactive verbal behavior in team meetings: effects of supportive and ...
-
How do employees build and maintain relationships with leaders? Develo...
-
Working with a chronic health condition: The implications of proactive...
-
Longitudinal effect of career-related parental support on vocational c...
-
The Collective Candidate Experience: Theory and Business Unit Conseque...
-
Leader humor, workplace gossip, and employee authentic self-expression...
-
Interest incongruence and employee thriving at work: the roles of job ...
-
An emotional journey to speaking up: understanding when and how employ...
-
Leading for growth: a daily investigation of affiliation resources pro...
-
When the leader carries your career: a serial mediation testing on the...
-
Digging deeper into responsibility: an investigation of responses to o...
-
Influence of mentoring on the proactive behavior of new employees: mod...
-
Effect of Nurse Proactive Behavior on Patient Education for Fall Preve...
-
Investigating the nature of psychological reattachment to work in the ...
-
The Synergistic Effects of Innovativeness, Risk-taking and Proactivene...
-
Accentuating the positive: How and when occupational identity threat l...
-
Proactive personality and international student mobility: Patterns of ...
-
The affect-proactive performance link and its reciprocal process: a he...
-
The impact of identity conflicts among Chinese knowledge-based miners ...
-
Perceived corporate social responsibility and employee voluntary ...
-
Promoting proactive auditing behaviors
-
Relational triggers of job crafting and sustainable employability: exa...
-
Why and when innovation performance is available: the role of fell res...
-
Crafting your career success: the role of high-performance work system...
-
Positive effects of leader gratitude expression on employee self-devel...
-
The SMART model of work design: A higher o...
-
تكامل الإدارة الريادية والبراعة التنظيمية في تحقيق استراتيجية الاستدام...
-
Meaning matters: linking proactive vitality management to subjective w...
-
The impact of humble leadership on employee agility: unveiling the med...
-
Understanding the individual in personal initiative action-based entre...
-
Imitation or innovation? New ventures’ NPD strategies in emerging mark...
-
Needs before deeds: psychological need satisfaction as a mechanism lin...
-
Perceived overqualification and employee proactivity: The cross-level ...
-
A Study of the Relationship Between Social Workers' Agentic Work Behav...
-
From empowering leadership to proactive work behavior in hospitality: ...
-
Daily Idea Generation and Employee Creative Performance: Effect of Day...
-
Proactive personality and turnover intentions of nurses: the roles of ...
-
Proactive personality, transformational leadership and ethical standar...
-
When and How Proactivity Impacts Vitality
-
High-performance work systems and proactive behavior: the mediating ro...
-
Improving workplace safety through mindful organizing: participative s...
-
Examining the follower-related antecedents and effects of servant lead...
-
Enabling workplace thriving: A multilevel model of positive affect, te...
-
A Review of the Influence of Different Leadership Styles on Employees’...
-
Fueling employee proactive behavior: The distinctive role of Chinese e...
-
Life goals and proactive career behaviors: The mediating role of visio...
-
The Impact of Job Autonomy, Pride, and Resource Competence on ...
-
Yo laboral futuro y proactividad en la carrera profesional, el efecto ...
-
Upward social comparison toward proactive and reactive knowledge shari...
-
Future work self and proactive career behavior, the serial mediating e...
-
Job Performance and the Mediating Effects of Job Engagement and Job Sa...
-
Impact of Workplace Ostracism on Knowledge Hoarding in Hotel Employees...
-
Greening the Workplace: What Instil in Individual Workers the Importan...
-
Digital Job Crafting: Toward an Integrated Socio-technical Model
-
Inclusive Leadership and Employees’ Improvisational Behavior: Influenc...
-
Psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior in t...
-
Proactive vitality management, goal attainment, and psychological well...
-
Öğretmenlerin Proaktif Davranışları ile Yenilikçi İş Davranışları Aras...
-
The role of strategic intelligence for leadership in developing proact...
-
How and when inclusive leadership enhances team proactivity: the roles...
-
Does organizational change trigger civil servant proactivity? The impa...
-
The impacts of role commitment and pay-for-performance on proactive ca...
-
Crafting Personal territory in a political world: A human agency appro...
-
Why Does Leader–Member Exchange Ambivalence Reduce Taking Charge? The ...
-
Serving the cause when my organization does not: A self‐affirmation mo...
-
Measuring counterproductive work behavior in telework settings: develo...
-
How does humble leadership influence employee improvisation? A motivat...
-
Examining the roots of turnover intentions in the Royal Norwegian Navy...
-
Unraveling the relationship between workplace dignity and employees’ t...
-
The antecedents of employees' proactive information security behaviour...
-
Sustainability of Passion for Work? Change-Related Reciprocal Relation...
-
Linking person–job fit and intrinsic motivation to salespeople’s servi...
-
Founder-CEO Extraversion and Sustainability Orientation in Initial Coi...
-
Are you satisfied when your job fits? The perspective of career manage...
-
Could you give me some advice? How and when leader consultation sparks...
-
Employee proactivity and proactive initiatives towards creativity: exp...
-
Effects of external and internal drivers of individual behavior voice ...
-
Antecedents of employee intrapreneurship in the public sector: a proac...
-
The curvilinear effect of negative affect on voice behavior from the p...
-
Effect of paradoxical leadership on employee innovation behavior in a ...
-
Being proactive in the age of AI: exploring the effectiveness of leade...
-
Job Autonomy as a Driver of Job Satisfaction
-
Middle-managers’ innovative behavior: the roles of psychological empow...
-
Proactive personality and adults’ sexual satisfaction levels: explorin...
-
Public Service Motivation, Performance-Contingent Pay, and Job Satisfa...
-
Going the Extra Mile, Now or After a While: The Impact of Employee Pro...
-
I spoke up, did you hear? The impact of voice (in)congruence on employ...
-
Escaping the rut: Bridging research on expatriate and organizational n...
-
I can and I am willing: A dual mediation model of a strengths-based ps...
-
Would people persist in proactive work behavior? Comparing the motivat...
-
Supervisor feedback, relational energy, and employee voice: the modera...
-
The personal initiative paradox: why benevolent political will decreas...
-
Core job characteristics and change oriented organization citizenship ...
-
Care to dare: cross-lagged effects of mentor secure-base support on ne...
-
A Dual-Path Model of Ethical Leadership’s Influence on Civil Servants’...
-
No rules, no standards: Does due process voice appraisal system foster...
-
Same pond, different frogs: How collective change readiness level and ...
-
A systematic review of employee voice literature in hospitality
-
Transformationsprozesse gestalten und evaluieren: Wirkmodelle als Ansa...
-
A process model of peer reactions to team member proactivity
-
Interactions between international doctoral students studying in China...
-
Organisational climate and change‐orientated behaviour: The mediating ...
-
Assessment of job meaning based on attributes of food-delivery mobile ...
-
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Start-Up Performance: A Configurationa...
-
Dealing with negative mentoring experiences: the roles of ‘ ...
-
Impact of supervisory delegation on employee voice behavior: role of f...
-
Fueling the Creative Spark: How Authentic Leadership and LMX Foster Em...
-
Authoritarian-Benevolent Leadership and Employee Behaviors: An Examina...
-
Workplace spirituality and service-oriented performance via work engag...
-
Why and when job insecurity hinders employees’ taking charge behavior:...
-
How school principals’ motivating style stimulates teachers’ job craft...
-
The “sense” behind proactive behaviors: Feedback seeking, meaningfulne...
-
A Theory of Scrum Team Effectiveness
-
The proactive nature of employee voice: The facilitating role of super...
-
Türkiye’de İş Biçimlendirme (Job Crafting) Çalışmaları: Lisansüstü Tez...
-
Engagement of family executive members in intrapreneurship in the fami...
-
Playful work design, engagement and performance: the moderating roles ...
-
Can employees capitalize upon their role breadth self-efficacy and inn...
-
The Effect of Job Crafting on Performance and Satisfaction: Physical E...
-
How tempered radicals pursue ideological change in organizations
-
Unraveling the black box of job crafting interventions: A systematic l...
-
Exploring Mechanisms From Leader Consideration and Information Sharing...
-
Impact of Job Crafting Intervention on Psychological Empowerment, Work...
-
The Effectiveness of a Hybrid Off-Job Crafting Intervention on Employe...
-
Fostering assigned expatriates’ innovativeness via culturally intellig...
-
ÖĞRETMENLERİN ÖZ-YETERLİKLERİ İLE DEĞİŞİME HAZIR OLMA DURUMLARI ARASIN...
-
How (in)congruence of leader–follower learning goal orientation influe...
-
Cognitive job crafting: an intervening mechanism between intrinsic mot...
-
Demystifying the nexus between empowering leadership and employee proa...
-
Impact of Meritocratic Beliefs of Newcomers on Creativity: A Career Co...
-
An Examination of the Relationship between Idea Generation versus Idea...
-
Employee Status and Voice Under Authoritarian Leadership: An Attachmen...
-
Does Future Work Self Benefit Everyone Equally? The Moderating Role of...
-
Is leader proactivity enough: Importance of leader competency in shapi...
-
Stay hungry, stay foolish: A novel perspective on needs satisfaction a...
-
Sharpening the “essence” of mobbing: An examination of constructive le...
-
Stéréotypes de poids, jugement de valeur et de recrutabilité : les rôl...
-
Are wellbeing dimensions differentially related to employee proactive ...
-
A social cognitive model predicting international students’ cross-cult...
-
Do job crafting opportunities help to win talent? Disentangling and co...
-
The effect of self‐leadership training on detached concern and the pro...
-
Be prepared: Does psychological reattachment buffer the effect of a ba...
-
From job crafting to home crafting and back again: A shortitudinal stu...
-
Building cultural intelligence through supervisor support: Social exch...
-
Innovation comes with responsibility: a dual moderation model of takin...
-
The role of proactive personality and general self-efficacy in proacti...
-
Antecedents of proactive customer service performance in hospitality: ...
-
High Task Performers Reduce Labor: A Self-Consistency Model of Organiz...
-
Measuring the impact of learning organization on proactive work behavi...
-
Linking empowering leadership with workplace proactivity: the mediatin...
-
Beyond the call of duty: how servant leadership promotes discretionary...
-
What to do when there is nothing to do? Toward a better understanding ...
-
The Impact of Leader Gratitude Expressions on Followers’ Behaviours: I...
-
Antecedents of public managers’ collective implementation efficacy as ...
-
Do people become more proactive at work as they grow older? Examining ...
-
Vitalizing to Learn for Service Proactivity: Not All Forms of Organiza...
-
Mechanisms of knowledge workers’ adaptive perfectionism on taking char...
-
Understanding technostress and employee well-being in digital work: th...
-
Inclusive organizational behaviour – the dynamic rules of building new...
-
Coproducing leadership: a reason to resist destructive leaders
-
How and when does leader humility promote followers’ proactive custome...
-
Can do and reason to: when are proactive employees willing to share ne...
-
The Key to Work–Life Balance is (Enriched) Job Design? Three-Way Inter...
-
Creating meaning by taking initiative: Proactive work behavior fosters...
-
Creating a creative state of mind: Promoting creativity through proact...
-
Proactive personality: A bibliographic review of research trends and p...
-
Student’s Career Expectations in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry:...
-
Playful sport design: A game changer?
-
Expatriate work role engagement and the work–family interface: A condi...
-
Losing talent due to COVID-19: The roles of anger and fear on industry...
-
Perceived overqualification and proactive behavior: The role of anger ...
-
Getting crafty when you're bored: The interaction between personality ...
-
“I’m energized to” & “I’m able to”: A dual-path model of the influence...
-
Arousing employee pro‐environmental behavi...
-
Does human resource system strength help employees act proactively? Th...
-
The dynamics of innovation efforts in the early career
-
Career adaptability and proactive work behaviour: A relational model
-
De‐internationalization: An organizational institutionalism perspectiv...
-
Proactive Coping Strategies Among First-Years in Higher Education Inst...
-
From work meaningfulness to playful work design: the role of epistemic...
-
Contextual antecedents of job crafting: review and future research age...
-
Work Placement Supervisor Support and Students’ Proactive Career Behav...
-
Do calling-oriented employees take charge in organizations? The role o...
-
Why and when proactive helping does not lead to future help: The roles...
-
Understanding safety culture and safety citizenship through the lens o...
-
Differential impact of work-based learning on employee agility, ambide...
-
Moving from problems to solutions: A review of gender equality interve...
-
Office job sitting demand scale: Evidence of construct and predictive ...
-
Union influence on change-oriented organizational citizenship behavior...
-
How does authentic leadership promote taking charge: The mediating eff...
-
Proactive personality and academic procrastination in graduate student...
-
Do illegitimate tasks undermine hospitality employees’ proactive custo...
-
Teachers’ job crafting: The complicated relationship with teacher self...
-
Cooperation Leads Change: Subordinate Moqi, Leader-member Exchange, an...
-
Hear Me Out! This Is My Idea: Transformational Leadership, Proactive P...
-
The Role of Servant Leaders in Sustainable Development
-
Employee Motivation in a Changing Environment
-
A Weekly Diary Study on Playful Study Design, Study Engagement, and Go...
-
Workplace ostracism and feedback-seeking behavior: a resource-based pe...
-
Do grateful employees take charge more in China? A joint moderating ef...
-
The Nexus Between High-Involvement Work Practices and Employees’ Proac...
-
How Do Mind-Body Practices Benefit Employees? A Daily Diary Study of M...
-
Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior: The Mediat...
-
When Political Skill Matters in a Global Organization: The Effects of ...
-
Remote working in Italy: Just a pandemic accident or a lesson for the ...
-
How does chronic burnout affect dealing with weekly job demands? A tes...
-
Career proactivity: A bibliometric literature review and a future rese...
-
Propensity to entrepreneurship and its antecedents: development and va...
-
Propensão ao empreendedorismo e seus antecedentes: desenvolvimento e v...
-
Linking Frontline Employee Self-Efficacy to Customers Service Performa...
-
Okul Yöneticilerinin Kişisel İnisiyatif Alma ve Liderlik Stillerinin Ö...
-
The relationship between proactive personality and employees’ creativi...
-
Mediating role of employees’ intrinsic motivation and psychological sa...
-
Beden Eğitimi Öğretmen Adaylarının Proaktiflik ve Problem Çözme Beceri...
-
Bringing our best selves to work: Proactive vitality management and st...
-
Composing the same song: when and how high-performance work systems ca...
-
Linking proactivity to work–family enrichment: a moderated mediation m...
-
Making things happen: How employees’ paradox mindset influences innova...
-
Adjusting paid jobs to informal caregiving: a qualitative study in the...
-
Employability skills of the next generation of Chinese factory workers
-
Agile work practices and employee proactivity: A multilevel study
-
Individual- and group-level consequences of divergence in perceived gr...
-
Portuguese Version of Parker’s () Role Breadth Self-Efficacy Scale: Ex...
-
Understanding the musical identity and career thinking of postgraduate...
-
How and why job crafting influences creative performance? A resource a...
-
Examining Nonlinear Effects of Crafting Social Resources on Work Engag...
-
Intrapreneurship research: A comprehensive literature review
-
Hope, future work self and life satisfaction among vocational high sch...
-
When Helping Hurts Helpers: Anticipatory versus Reactive Helping, Help...
-
Advancing Reform: Embedded Activism to Develop Climate Solutions
-
Workplace ostracism and service performance: The mediating role of job...
-
How and when paradoxical leadership fosters employee innovative behavi...
-
Proactively Seeking Challenges for Job Satisfaction: The Interplay of ...
-
Empowering leadership and innovative work behavior: the mediating effe...
-
The Mediator Role of Proactive Personality in the Effect of Psychologi...
-
The effects of transformational leadership on perceived organizational...
-
Leader humor and newcomer adjustment: The mediating role of role bread...
-
How does workplace event criticality spur employees’ proactivity? The ...
-
Behavioural and economic impacts of end-user computing satisfaction: I...
-
The Importance of Security Is in the Eye of the Beholder: Cultural, Or...
-
Motivational climates, work passion, and behavioral consequences
-
The more the better? How and when can high-performance work systems fu...
-
Life insurance salespeople linking work stressors to proactive behavio...
-
Is there a gender difference in STEM students' perceived employability...
-
From shared leadership to proactive customer service performance: a mu...
-
The COVID-19 impact on employee performance and satisfaction: a modera...
-
Employees’ peak experience at work: Understanding the triggers and imp...
-
Perception of Healthy Organizational Practices of Workers in the Chile...
-
Leader humility and team innovation: The role of team reflexivity and ...
-
What does it take to start a business? Constraint appraisal as predict...
-
Crafting work-nonwork balance involving life domain boundaries: Develo...
-
Leader secure-base support and organizational learning culture: synerg...
-
Do college students with future work self-salience demonstrate higher ...
-
Authentic leadership, perceived insider status, error management clima...
-
HRM systems, employee proactivity and capability in the SME context
-
Reducing demands or optimizing demands? Effects of cognitive appraisal...
-
Boosting creativity in functional diverse work groups: The importance ...
-
Implementing Job Crafting Behaviors: Exploring the Effects of a Job Cr...
-
Transfer of Self-Leadership Skills Within the Dutch Police: a Three-Wa...
-
COVID-19-related information seeking and individual's rumor refuting: ...
-
Motivational approach to team service performance: Role of participati...
-
The positive gain spiral of job resources, work engagement, opportunit...
-
Managing your feelings at work, for a reason: The role of individual m...
-
Linking workplace spirituality and adaptive performance through a seri...
-
The influence of sports on proactive personality and academic achievem...
-
Do I decide my career? Linking career stress, career exploration, and ...
-
Preventing Littering: It’s Not All about Sticks!
-
The moderating roles of trust and felt trust on the relationship betwe...
-
‘To empower or not to empower, that’s the question’. Using an empowerm...
-
Maintaining job crafting over time: joint effect of autonomy and caree...
-
Sensory Processing Sensitivity as a Predictor of Proactive Work Behavi...
-
Feeling capable or being flexible? Personality, cognition, and behavio...
-
The role of synergistic interplay among proactive personality, leader ...
-
Entrepreneurial Leadership and Employee Wellbeing During COVID-19 Cris...
-
The Influence of Future Work Self on Psychological Flourishing: A Chai...
-
Abusive leadership and proactive behaviours: Role of family motivation...
-
Taking charge under job stressors: Mediating effect of control apprais...
-
How does moral identity promote employee voice behavior? The roles of ...
-
Is auditors’ professional scepticism a “double-edged sword”?
-
We Need Engaged Workers! A Structural Equation Modeling Study from the...
-
Antecedents of Responsible Leadership: Proactive and Passive Responsib...
-
Working from home during the COVID‐19 crisis: How self‐control strateg...
-
Perceived overqualification, felt organizational obligation, and extra...
-
Organizational and vocational behavior in times of crisis: A review of...
-
Socially responsible human resource management and employee ethical vo...
-
The curvilinear effect of perceived overqualification on constructive ...
-
Challenge-hindrance stressors and career initiative: a moderated media...
-
Autonomy and Empowerment for Middle Managers in Jamaican Local (Munici...
-
How servant leadership triggers innovative work behavior: exploring th...
-
Exploring the impact of leader humility on different types of voice: t...
-
Proactive Personality and Innovative Work Behavior: Through the Juxtap...
-
How organizational justice in the hospitality industry influences proa...
-
Moved to speak up: How prosocial emotions influence the employee voice...
-
Auxiliaries to Abusive Supervisors: The Spillover Effects of Peer Mist...
-
Tourism employee ambidexterity: The roles of servant leadership, job c...
-
When Conscientious Employees Meet Intelligent Machines: An Integrative...
-
Investing In Communities: Forging New Ground in Corporate Community Co...
-
How does cognitive detachment from work influence employee creativity?...
-
Translating proactive and responsive creativity to innovation implemen...
-
Understanding compliance with safe work practices: The role of ‘can‐do...
-
Influence of personality traits on the job performance of public eleme...
-
Discretion: Whether and How Does It Promote Street-Level Bureaucrats' ...
-
Longitudinal Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Academic Self-Effica...
-
Investigaciones sobre engagement y burnout: una aproximación teórica e...
-
Interest Incongruence and Job Performance: Examining the Moderating Ro...
-
Impact of work ethic on proactive work behaviors: The moderating roles...
-
Authentic Leadership and Taking Charge Behavior: A Moderated Mediation...
-
Psychological and behavioral responses of leaders toward proactive beh...
-
Appreciation that inspires: The impact of leader trait gratitude on te...
-
Navigating the era of disruption: How emotions can prompt job crafting...
-
Designing and Testing a Model of Some Antecedents of Proactive Goal Pr...
-
Engage your work, and enjoy your evening: How daily work engagement pr...
-
The Benefits of Being Proactive While Working Remotely: Leveraging Sel...
-
Choosing the right (HR) metrics: digital data for capturing team proac...
-
Not My Job, I Do Not Want to Do It: The Effect of Illegitimate Tasks o...
-
Performance management systems promote job crafting: the role of emplo...
-
Narrowing ideal self-discrepancy: the roles of organizational career m...
-
High Commitment Work System and Employee Proactive Behavior: The Media...
-
Ethical Leadership and Ethical Voice: The Mediating Mechanisms of Valu...
-
Understanding the Role of Proactive Personality in Occupational Health...
-
Perceived Overqualification and Job Crafting: The Mediating Role of Wo...
-
Focusing on the Past, Present, or Future? Why Proactive Personality In...
-
Exploring Worker Experience as a Predictor of Routine and Non-routine ...
-
Intervening to enhance proactivity for socialization: A longitudinal f...
-
Job crafting embedded in social contexts
-
The Influence of Teaching Quality, Social Support, and Career Self-Eff...
-
Impact of aversive leadership on followers’ moral disengagement
-
Retention intention: does having a proactive personality matter?
-
Cognitive and social mechanisms: the role of emotions in creativity th...
-
A moderated mediating model of perceived overqualification and task i-...
-
The Impact of Leader Proactivity on Follower Proactivity: A Chain Medi...
-
Examining the relationship between work conditions and entrepreneurial...
-
OCB-E among Chinese employees of different contract types
-
Understanding the initiative paradox: the interplay of leader neurotic...
-
Corporate Governance Meets Corporate Social Responsibility: Mapping th...
-
Daily autonomy and job performance: Does person-organization fit act a...
-
How discretionary behaviors promote customer engagement: the role of p...
-
Promoting Flow at Work through Proactive Personality: A Sequential Med...
-
Image risk as a deterrent to remedial voice: The moderating effect of ...
-
My team makes me think I can (not) do it: team processes influence pro...
-
Is Job Insecurity Harmful to All Types of Proactivity? The Moderating ...
-
How Chinese Employees’ Voice Behavior Is Motivated: The Role of Percei...
-
The Double-Edged Sword Effect of Relational Crafting on Job Well-Being
-
Cross-Level Influence of Empowering Leadership on Constructive Devianc...
-
Impact of Increasing Social Resources on Work Engagement and Affective...
-
Many Roads Lead to Rome: Researching Antecedents and Outcomes of Conte...
-
Adolescent–Parent Career Congruence as a Predictor of Job Search Prepa...
-
Balancing employees’ extrinsic requirements and intrinsic motivation: ...
-
Building skills in the context of digital transformation: How industry...
-
Happy to help, happy to change? A meta-analysis of major predictors of...
-
Can I Get Back Later or Turn It Off? Day-Level Effect of Remote Commun...
-
Academic leisure crafting: More than a respite to breath?
-
Employee proactive goal regulation and job performance: The role model...
-
Social Support and a Sense of Purpose: The Role of Personal Growth Ini...
-
Fostering individual-level absorptive capacity and adaptive performanc...
-
Why and when proactive employees take charge at work: the role of serv...
-
Paradoxical leader behaviour effects on employee taking charge: A mode...
-
Active emotions and personal growth initiative fuel employees’ daily j...
-
The Role of Servant Leaders in Sustainable Development
-
Work Digitalization and Job Crafting: The Role of Attitudes Toward Tec...
-
Agency: Taking Stock of Workplace Learning Research
-
Organisational Culture, Leadership Language and Integration of the Col...
-
Job Crafting
-
Job Crafting
-
Erkenntnisse aus COVID-19 – Was bedeuten diese für die Rolle der Telea...
-
The Impact of Temporal Leadership on the Constructive Deviant Behavior...
-
The Influence of Proactive Personality on Career Exploration of Colleg...
-
THE EFFECT OF PROACTIVE PERSONALITY ON CUSTOMER-ORIENTED BEHAVIORS: TH...
-
The Paradoxical Effects of the Contagion of Service-Oriented Organizat...
-
How and When Leisure Crafting Enhances College Students’ Well-Being: A...
-
Inclusive Leadership and Employee Proactive Behavior: A Cross-Level Mo...
-
When Does Overqualification Affect Bootlegging Positively?
-
Job Insecurity and Employees’ Taking Charge Behaviors: Testing a Moder...
-
Robustness of autoencoders for establishing psychometric properties ba...
-
Channeling Franchisee Independence: How Personal Initiative and Self-A...
-
Daily deep acting toward coworkers: An examination of day‐specific ant...
-
Collective rumination: When “problem talk” impairs organizational resi...
-
Leader–subordinate congruence in power distance values and voice behav...
-
I am the top talent: Perceived overqualification, role breadth self-ef...
-
Valued Insight or Act of Insubordination? How Context Shapes Coaches’ ...
-
Examining the mediating role of resources in the temporal relationship...
-
Motives for Crafting Work and Leisure: Focus on Opportunities at Work ...
-
Research on the Influence Mechanism of Dual Leadership on the Construc...
-
Can human resource flexibility disentangle innovative work behavior am...
-
Building Positive Organizations: A Typology of Positive Psychology Int...
-
Line managers' middle-levelness and driving proactive behaviors in org...
-
Distributed Leadership and New Generation Employees’ Proactive Behavio...
-
Safety leadership and safety voices: exploring the mediation role of p...
-
Power crafting at work: A phenomenological study on individual differe...
-
The Role of Team–Member Exchange in Proactive Personality and Employee...
-
From crafting what you do to building resilience for career commitment...
-
How does affect relate to job search effort and success? It depends on...
-
Influence of Paternalistic Leadership Style on Innovation Performance ...
-
The relationship between two dimensions of felt trust and promotive vo...
-
Acting Proactively to Manage Job Insecurity: How Worrying About the Fu...
-
Future of Work
-
Cultivating Proactive Career Behavior: The Role of Career Adaptability...
-
Proactive Personality and Creative Behavior: Examining the Role of Thr...
-
Effects of decision training on individuals’ decision-making proactivi...
-
Authentic leadership, nurse‐assessed adverse patient events and qualit...
-
PROACTIVE PERSONALITY AND EMPLOYEES’ INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOURS: THE ROLE O...
-
Most Often Motivated by Social Media: The Who, the What, and the How M...
-
Investigating the temporal relationship between proactive burnout prev...
-
MERAKLI ÖĞRENCİ PROFİLİ İÇIN ÖĞRETMENLER ARASINDAKİ İŞBİRLİĞİ
-
Moving Beyond Initiative: The Reconceptualization and Measurement of U...
-
Why and when do employees become more proactive under humble leaders? ...
-
Effects of Proactive Behavior on Within-Day Changes in Occupational We...
-
Matching the Personal Initiative Capabilities of FLEs to Their Self-Re...
-
How proactive personality affects psychological strain and job perform...
-
Why Commercial Pilots Voluntarily Report Self-Inflicted Incidents
-
The Relationship between Inclusion Climate and Voice Behaviors beyond ...
-
An examination of mediating processes of work and nonwork support for ...
-
You Speak, I Speak: The Social‐Cognitive Mechanisms of Voice Contagion
-
The Forgotten Ones: Crafting for Meaning and for Affiliation in the Co...
-
Moderating Multiple Mediation Model of the Impact of Inclusive Leaders...
-
Activating job crafting in public services: the roles of discretionary...
-
Making Things Happen (Un)Expectedly: Interactive Effects of Age, Gende...
-
Newcomers' reaction to the abusive supervision toward peers during org...
-
Significance of Supportive HRM Practices and Job Satisfaction towards ...
-
“Advantages and disadvantages” of individual proactive beh...
-
Proactive Personality Measurement Using Item Response Theory and Socia...
-
Role conflict, role ambiguity, and proactive behaviors: does flexible ...
-
The Interaction between Personal Values and Perception of Organization...
-
Basic Values and Change: A Mixed Methods Study
-
Differential roles of self-determined motivations in describing job cr...
-
Perceived Autonomy Moderates the Relation of Proactive Personality ...
-
Proactivity at Work
-
Proactive Personality and Employee Creativity: A Moderated Mediation M...
-
The Effect of Socially Responsible HRM on Organizational Citizenship B...
-
Seeking and finding justice: Why and when managers' feedback seeking e...
-
Customer‐Initiated Support and Employees’ Proactive Customer Service P...
-
Perceived self-efficacy of students in a business simulation game
-
Shared leadership and innovative behavior in scientific research teams...
-
PSİKOLOJİK GÜÇLENDİRMENİN İŞ TATMİNİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: İNŞAAT SEKTÖRÜ...
-
Abusive Supervision and Creativity: Investigating the Moderating Role ...
-
The Relationship Between Public Service Motivation and Affective Commi...
-
Family ostracism and proactive customer service performance: An explan...
-
Can Job-Embedded Employees Be Satisfied? The Role of Job Crafting and ...
-
The future of employee development
-
Toward a formal theory of proactivity
-
When Putting Work Off Pays Off: The Curvilinear Relationship between P...
-
Conscientiousness in Teams Completing Creative Tasks: Does it Predict?
-
Positive psychology interventions in organizations
-
Development and Evaluation of a Virtual Maintenance Training System fo...
-
The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Voice Be...
-
Influence of Authentic Leadership on Employees’ Taking Charge Behavior...
-
Work-Sports Enrichment in Amateur Runners: A Diary Study
-
Good work design for all: Multiple pathways to making a difference
-
The Relationship Between Proactive Behavior and Work-Family Conflict: ...
-
Servant leadership and family supportiveness: Looking into employees’ ...
-
Supervisory Career Support and Workplace Wellbeing in Chinese Healthca...
-
Leading the team, but feeling dissatisfied: Investigating informal lea...
-
The Influence of Creative Personality and Goal Orientation on Innovati...
-
The influence of an interactive use of management control on individua...
-
Proactivity, stress appraisals, and problem-solving: A cross-level mod...
-
How Do Authoritarian Leadership and Abusive Supervision Jointly Thwart...
-
Satisfying Newcomers’ Needs: The Role of Socialization Tactics and Sup...
-
Contemporary career orientations and career self-management: A review ...
-
Going full circle: Integrating research on career adaptation and proac...
-
How Voice Emerges and Develops in Newly Formed Supervisor–Employee Dya...
-
Job insecurity, commitment and proactivity towards the organization an...
-
The moderating role of HR practices on the career adaptability–job cra...
-
Why Learning Opportunities From Aviation Incidents Are Lacking
-
The Effect of Perceived Overqualification on Job Crafting
-
How and When Does Psychological Wellbeing Contribute to Proactive Perf...
-
A Self‐Determination Approach to Understanding Individual Values as an...
-
Received Respect and Constructive Voice: The Roles of Proactive Motiva...
-
Does mindfulness enhance the beneficial outcomes that accrue to employ...
-
When do job crafting interventions work? The moderating roles of workl...
-
When and why does proactive personality inhibit corner-cutting behavio...
-
Are proactive employees more creative? The roles of multisource inform...
-
Linking servant leadership to positive deviant behavior: The mediating...
-
Proactivity and responsiveness in value creation: a conceptual typolog...
-
How work redesign interventions affect performance: An evidence-based ...
-
Authentic Leadership and Service Innovative Behavior: Mediating Role o...
-
Coping Strategies for a Collarless Workforce: An Employee Experience G...
-
Job Crafting (im Team)
-
The Influence of High-Involvement Human Resources Practices on Proacti...
-
Linking meaningfulness to work outcomes through job characteristics an...
-
Happy to Help, Happy to Change? A Meta-Analysis of Major Predictors of...
-
Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Wor...
-
The role of leadership and engagement in call center performance: answ...
-
Is Gender Associated with Proactivity: An Investigation in Higher Educ...
-
Çalışanların İş Becerikliliğine İlişkin Kavramsal Bir Model Önerisi
-
How can organizations foster job crafting behaviors and thriving at wo...
-
Work Design for Global Professionals: Connectivity demands, connectivi...
-
Antécédents et conséquences du comportement proactif au travail des ca...
-
Proactive personality and job performance of athletic coaches: organiz...
-
Leading Proactivity in Innovative Startups: A Moderated Mediation Mode...
-
Digital labourers’ proactivity and the venture for meaningful work: Fr...
-
How management teams foster the transactive memory system–entrepreneur...
-
Inclusive Leadership Promotes Challenge-Oriented Organizational Citize...
-
COVID-19 and Work-Life Balance: What about Supervisor Support and Empl...
-
The Impact of Social Factors on Job Crafting: A Meta-Analysis and Revi...
-
Crafting job demands and employee creativity: A diary study
-
Motivating Self and Others
-
Values and career behaviours of entrepreneurs and employees
-
Antecedents of career self-management: home country and international ...
-
Job crafting and playful work design: Links with performance during bu...
-
The Enactment of Knowledge Sharing: The Roles of Psychological Availab...
-
The Link Between Employees’ Sense of Vitality and Proactivity: Investi...
-
Employee voice behavior as a critical factor for organizational sustai...
-
Empowering Leadership, Social Support, and Job Crafting in Public Orga...
-
Understanding Rationality in Sustainable Development Decision-Making: ...
-
Linking perceived overqualification with task performance and proactiv...
-
The Risky Side of Leadership: Conceptualizing Risk Perceptions in Info...
-
Why People Do Not Keep Their Promise: Understanding the Pro-Environmen...
-
Speaking Up about Workplace Safety: An Experimental Study on Safety Le...
-
Proactive yet reflective? Materializing proactive personality into cre...
-
The Unintended Effect of Perceived Transformational Leadership Style o...
-
Employee proactivity, work engagement, job resources and service recov...
-
Abusive supervision and work engagement in the Nigerian public service...
-
It’s not just action but also about reflection: Taking stock of agency...
-
Daily Empowering Leadership and Job Crafting: Examining Moderators
-
Career Adaptability Research: A Literature Review with Scientific Know...
-
The Cross-Level Effect of Shared Leadership on Tourism Employee Proact...
-
Organizational Entry and Workplace Affect
-
THE IMPACT OF PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT AND PROACTIVE PERSONALI...
-
Connecting formal and informal workplace learning with teacher proacti...
-
Employee voice at work: the role of employees’ gender, self-efficacy b...
-
From job crafting to home crafting: A daily diary study among six Euro...
-
Job crafting by students who work and study
-
Perceived principal's learning support and its relationships with psyc...
-
How prosocial is proactive: Developing and validating a scale and proc...
-
Careers in context: An international study of career goals as mesostru...
-
Comprehensive social competence and social entrepreneurial action: the...
-
Motivations of enterprise social media feature set usage
-
Revalidating the Taiwanese Self-Regulation Questionnaire (New TSSRQ) a...
-
RETRACTED: Can engagement in learning enhance tourism undergraduates’ ...
-
Why and when leader humility promotes constructive voice: a crossover ...
-
The neglected role of talent proactivity: Integrating proactive behavi...
-
Proactive personality and early employment outcomes: The mediating rol...
-
Does Angry Temperament Undermine the Beneficial Effects of Expatriates...
-
Political knowledge at work: Conceptualization, measurement, and appli...
-
Should HR managers allow employees to use social media at work? Behavi...
-
Testing mediating effects of individual entrepreneurial orientation on...
-
Do feelings matter? The effect of leader affective presence on employe...
-
Person-Organization Fit in a military selection context
-
Perceiving a Calling as a Predictor of Future Work Attitudes: The Mode...
-
Fostering Corporate Entrepreneurship with the use of social media tool...
-
Exploring CSR’s influence on employees’ attitudes and behaviours in hi...
-
Linking career adaptability to supervisor-rated task performance: a se...
-
Fuel the service fire
-
Impact of organizational politics on proactive behavior of government ...
-
The Relationship Between Narcissism and Taking Charge: The Role of Ene...
-
The Impact Mechanisms of Psychological Learning Climate on Employees' ...
-
Proactive Vitality Management, Work Engagement, and Creativity: The Ro...
-
Values at Work: The Impact of Personal Values in Organisations
-
Ethical leadership and positive work behaviors: a conditional process ...
-
How temporal leadership boosts employee innovative job performance
-
When career dissatisfaction leads to employee job crafting
-
Empowering Leadership, Commitment to Managers and Company and Employee...
-
Psychological Resilience and Its Downstream Effects for Business Survi...
-
État des lieux des comportements proactifs en contexte professionnel
-
Do proactive and reactive causes to delete a brand impact deletion suc...
-
The Development of a Proactive Burnout Prevention Inventory: How Emplo...
-
Team Efficiency in Organizations: A Group Perspective on Initiative
-
Innovative work behaviour in the public sector: The roles of task char...
-
How Collective Engagement Creates Competitive Advantage for Organizati...
-
Linking Proactive Personality to Creative Performance: The Role of Job...
-
How do career adaptability and proactive career behaviours interrelate...
-
Personal values of caregivers in Czech social elderly care
-
The interaction of situational factors on individual factors and self-...
-
Empowering leadership in hospital employees
-
Inclusive Leadership and Taking-Charge Behavior: Roles of Psychologica...
-
Employee–organization exchange and employee creativity: a motivational...
-
Effects of proactive decision making on life satisfaction
-
A two-wave quasi-experimental intervention study of a participatory vi...
-
Evaluation of Green Procurement Practices Among Mining Companies’ Hosp...
-
Prestigious Employer Preference: Scale Development and Evaluation
-
Exploring proactive market strategies
-
How do Employees Adapt to Organizational Change? The Role of Meaning-m...
-
Predicting proactive service performance: The role of employee engagem...
-
Proactive Personality, Human Resource Management Practices, and Job Pe...
-
Sustainable HRM and Green HRM: The Role of Green HRM in Influencing Em...
-
Proactive Personality, Human Resource Management Practices, and Job Pe...
-
The Mediating Role of Proactive Personality in the Relationship Betwee...
-
Promoting Proactive Auditing Behaviors
-
Mindful Emotion Regulation, Savouring and Proactive Behaviour: The Rol...
-
How and for Whom Time Control Matter for Innovation? The Role of Posit...
-
Positive Emotions at Work and Job Crafting: Results From Two Prospecti...
-
Training and Diffusion of Change: The Impact of Training and Proactivi...
-
Is Leader Humility a Friend or Foe, or Both? An Attachment Theory Lens...
-
Measuring intrapreneurship at the individual level: Development and va...
-
When do low-initiative employees feel responsible for change and speak...
-
Technological innovations in the proactive modernization strategy of a...
-
The Influence of Inclusive Leadership on the Active Behavior of New Ge...
-
Transformational leadership and employee voice: an affective perspecti...
-
Does feedback matter for job search self‐regulation? It depends on fee...
-
Perish in gossip? Nonlinear effects of perceived negative workplace go...
-
Modernization of the Russian Economy Based on the Proactive Potential ...
-
Effectiveness of job crafting interventions: a meta-analysis and utili...
-
Servant leadership and career success: the effects of career skills an...
-
Leader Inclusiveness and Taking Charge: The Role of Thriving at Work a...
-
The costs and benefits of going beyond the call of duty
-
Talent management for the proactive behavior of tour guides
-
A holistic approach to individual-level innovation implementation
-
Effects of caption and gender on junior high students’ EFL learning fr...
-
Daily playful work design: A trait activation perspective
-
Exploring Proactive Behaviors of Employees in the Prevention of Burnou...
-
References
-
Transformational leadership and employee voice: a model of proactive m...
-
Collateral damage associated with performance-based pay: the role of s...
-
I Don’t Sweat my Future: Future-Selves, Personality, and Skin Conducta...
-
Am I empowered through meaningful work? The moderating role of perceiv...
-
Proactive personality and cross-cultural adjustment: A moderated media...
-
“I want to serve but the public does not understand:” Prosocial motiva...
-
Needs frustration makes me silent: Workplace ostracism and newcomers’ ...
-
A cross‐lagged analysis of the relationships among workgroup commitmen...
-
“Woulda, Coulda, Shoulda”. Workers’ Proactivity in the Association bet...
-
The Influence of Transactive Memory System on Individual Career Resili...
-
Reversing the lens: How followers influence leader–member exchange qua...
-
The Direct and Indirect Effects of Self‐Efficacy on Salespeople's Emot...
-
Proaktif Kişiliğin Kariyer Uyum Yeteneğine Etkisinde Kendini Yetiştirm...
-
Proactive personality enhances change in employees’ job satisfaction: ...
-
When Do Frontline Hospitality Employees Take Charge? Prosocial Motivat...
-
I’ll do it myself: self-leadership, proactivity, and socialization
-
Personality Traits and Career Role Enactment: Career Role Preferences ...
-
Job Requirements, Resources and Proactive Behavior at Work: The Role o...
-
Do boundary preferences, work-family self-efficacy and proactive perso...
-
Who is empowered? Relative importance of dispositional and situational...
-
Turning ideas into actions! How research on identity, psychological re...
-
A Gadamerian perspective on financial crimes
-
Slaves to our emotions: Examining the predictive relationship between ...
-
Abusive Supervision and Subordinate Proactive Behavior: Joint Moderati...
-
Sustainable Human Resource Management Nurtures Change-Oriented Employe...
-
How and when workplace ostracism influences task performance: Through ...
-
A dual-pathway model of knowledge exchange: linking human and psychoso...
-
Empowerment and initiative: the mediating role of obligation
-
Daily job crafting and momentary work engagement: A self-determination...
-
Predictors of a protean career orientation and vocational training enr...
-
From entrepreneurial intentions to behavior: The role of anticipated r...
-
The Voice Bystander Effect: How Information Redundancy Inhibits Employ...
-
The interaction effects of proactive personality and empowering leader...
-
The power of affect: A three‐wave panel study on reciprocal relationsh...
-
A resources perspective on when and how proactive work behaviour leads...
-
Moderating role of LMX and proactive coping in the relationship betwee...
-
Measuring Job Crafting Across Cultures: Lessons Learned From Comparing...
-
The value of job crafting for work engagement, task performance, and c...
-
Top Executive Goal Orientations’ Effects on Environmental Scanning and...
-
Rest, Zest, and My Innovative Best: Sleep and Mood as Drivers of Entre...
-
Newcomers’ Trait Positive Affectivity and Social Assimilation in Organ...
-
Humble Leadership and Employee Resilience: Exploring the Mediating Mec...
-
Servant Leadership, Proactive Work Behavior, and Performance Overall R...
-
Work-related proactivity through the lens of narrative: Investigating ...
-
Relational job crafting: Exploring the role of employee motives with a...
-
High‐Performance Work Systems and Work‐Role Performance: A Multilevel ...
-
When and how does anger during goal pursuit relate to goal achievement...
-
Forecasting unknown-unknowns by boosting the risk radar within the ris...
-
交互视角下工作重塑干预的影响效应整合模型
-
Servant leadership and perceived employability: proactive career behav...
-
Servant leadership and proactive customer service performance
-
Proactivity towards workplace safety improvement: an investigation of ...
-
Linking leader–follower proactive personality congruence to creativity
-
The mediating role of transformational leadership in the relationship ...
-
Proactive personality and proactive behaviour: Perspectives on person–...
-
In what ways do Chinese employees speak up? An exchange approach to su...
-
Effects of Human Resource Management Systems on Employee Proactivity a...
-
Frontline Employee Feedback-Seeking Behavior: How Is It Formed and Whe...
-
The roles of political skill and intrinsic motivation in performance p...
-
The performance costs of illegitimate tasks: The role of job identity ...
-
Reorienting job crafting research: A hierarchical structure of job cra...
-
How does the social context fuel the proactive fire? A multilevel revi...
-
The Moment of Truth: A Review, Synthesis, and Research Agenda for the ...
-
When Is Proactivity Wise? A Review of Factors That Influence the Indiv...
-
Workplace gossip and frontline employees’ proactive service performanc...
-
A meta-analysis on promotion- and prevention-focused job crafting
-
Context-Based Leisure Travel Facilitation among People with Mobility C...
-
Psychosocial Safety Climate Within the Model of Proactive Motivation
-
Career Self-Management as a Key Factor for Career Wellbeing
-
Proaktives Verhalten: Schlüsselkompetenz für die Karriereentwicklung
-
Formen des Arbeitsverhaltens
-
The role of trait extraversion in shaping proactive behavior: A multil...
-
How Do IT Users’ Attributes Influence Innovative Use of IT: The Mediat...
-
Employee Potential Measurement and Exploration—Current Situation and N...
-
The Linkage Between Workplace Ostracism and Proactive Customer Service...
-
Career Patterns and Developmental Tasks in Career Development
-
Does daily proactivity affect well‐being? The moderating role of punit...
-
Dynamic effects of personal initiative on engagement and exhaustion: T...
-
Introducing changes at work: How voice behavior relates to management ...
-
Speaking up and moving up: How voice can enhance employees' social sta...
-
Who stays proactive after entrepreneurship training? N ...
-
Subordinate's proactivity in performance planning: implications for pe...
-
The effect of proactive and preventive coping styles on personal and o...
-
How Work Intensification Relates to Organization-Level Safety Performa...
-
The relevance of being “on the same page” to succeed as a project team...
-
Daily transformational leadership and employee job crafting: The role ...
-
Managing own and others' emotions: A weekly diary study on the enactme...
-
Shaping emotional reactions to ethical behaviors: Proactive personalit...
-
How authentic leadership influences employee proactivity: the sequenti...
-
Is transformational leadership always good for employee task performan...
-
Not Too Tired to be Proactive: Daily Empowering Leadership Spurs Next-...
-
How does proactive personality promote creativity? A multilevel examin...
-
Self-confidence and fear of failure among university students and thei...
-
A job resources-based intervention to boost work engagement and team i...
-
Outside-in marketing capability and firm performance
-
When and why are proactive employees more creative? Investigations of ...
-
Internships in China: exploring contextual perspectives
-
Impact of benevolent leadership on follower taking charge
-
Perceived underqualification and job attitudes: the role of transforma...
-
How and when a salesperson's perception of organizational politics rel...
-
Toward a Tripartite Model and Measurement of Proactive Personality
-
Teacher Proactivity Influencing Student Satisfaction and Loyalty Role ...
-
Why it takes an ‘ontological shock’ to prompt increases in small firm ...
-
Opportunity Discovery and Creation as a Duality: Evidence from Small F...
-
When Leaders Stifle Innovation in Work Teams: The Role of Abusive Supe...
-
Les processus psychologiques impliqués dans l’identité professionnelle...
-
中国跨国公司外派人员多目标主动行为的前因与后果——挑战性-阻碍性压力视角
-
Öğretmenlerin Öz Yeterlilik, Proaktif Kişilik ve Değişime Açıklık Algı...
-
Expanding job crafting theory beyond the worker and the job
-
Chapter 11: From Creativity to Innovation:
-
Leaders's language and employee proactivity: Enhancing psychological m...
-
工作重塑干预：对员工工作自主性的培养
-
Motivational theory of human robot teamwork
-
Leader-member exchange and leader identification: comparison and integ...
-
Proactive vitality management in the work context: development and val...
-
Exploring Different Forms of Job (Dis)Satisfaction and Their Relations...
-
Psychological Flexibility at Work and Employees' Proactive Work Behavi...
-
Time Well Wasted? Online Procrastination During Times of Unemployment
-
Looking beyond - socialization tactics: The role of human resource sys...
-
Maintenance of D-A fit through work adjustment behaviors: The moderati...
-
Transformational leadership and follower proactivity in a volunteer wo...
-
Can leader “humility” spark employee “proactivity”? The mediating role...
-
Social Influence Opportunity Recognition, Evaluation, and Capitalizati...
-
China Speaks Out: How and Why Chinese Employees Use Their Voice toward...
-
The empirical impacts of risk management on the enhancement of control...
-
The Effect of Workplace Negative Gossip on Employee Proactive Behavior...
-
Antecedents of employees’ extended use of enterprise systems: An integ...
-
Personal agency in newly arrived refugees: The role of personality, en...
-
Supporting team citizenship: The influence of team social resources on...
-
Psychosocial effects of proactivity
-
Intervening to Enhance Proactivity in Organizations: Improving the Pre...
-
Enhancing a Sense of Competence at Work by Engaging in Proactive Behav...
-
Validation of the German Career Decision-Making Profile—An Updated 12-...
-
A Conservation of Resources Perspective on Negative Affect and Innovat...
-
Acculturation orientations and Chinese student Sojourners' career adap...
-
Blazing new trails or opportunity lost? Evaluating research at the int...
-
When and Why People Engage in Different Forms of Proactive Behavior: I...
-
Does Proactive Personality Matter in Leadership Transitions? Effects o...
-
Can Farm Management advice to Small-Scale Farmers Trigger Strategic Th...
-
Personal initiative: Its power in social entrepreneurial venture creat...
-
Too Much Proactivity
-
An Affect-Based Model of Recipients’ Responses to Organizational Chang...
-
Respectful Inquiry: A Motivational Account of Leading Through Asking Q...
-
Flow at Work: a Self-Determination Perspective
-
Explaining racial/ethnic differences in all-cause mortality in the Mul...
-
Proactive Personality and Proactive Behavior: The Role of Ethical Lead...
-
A model of leadership motivations, error management culture, leadershi...
-
Influence of Proactive Personality on Career Self‐Efficacy
-
Too attached to speak up? It depends: How supervisor–subordinate guanx...
-
Are Empowered Employees More Proactive? The Contingency of How They Ev...
-
Fifty shades of green: How microfoundations of sustainability dynamic ...
-
The beginning of value co-creation: understanding dynamics, efforts an...
-
Employees’ Perceived Opportunities to Craft and In-Role Performance: T...
-
Teaching proactivity in the entrepreneurial classroom
-
Small business performance in Thailand: key success factors
-
The importance of career clarity and proactive career behaviours in pr...
-
Proactivity routines: The role of social processes in how employees se...
-
Job crafting: A meta-analysis of relationships with individual differe...
-
Stuck in the job: Does helplessness precede being locked-in at the wor...
-
Extraversion and adaptive performance: Integrating trait activation an...
-
The Dark Side of Engagement for Older Workers
-
PROAKTİF KİŞİLİĞİN ÖZNEL ZİNDELİK İLE MERAK ARASINDAKİ İLIŞKİDE ARACIL...
-
Self-oriented forgiveness and other-oriented forgiveness: Shaping high...
-
Ethical leadership and employee task performance: examining moderated ...
-
Organizational virtuousness perceptions and task crafting
-
The mediating effect of LMX in the relationship between school bureauc...
-
Not All Transformational Leadership Behaviors Are Equal: The Impact of...
-
Self-regulation in entrepreneurs...
-
The Future Work Self and Calling: The Mediational Role of Life Meaning
-
Innovating under stress: The role of commitment and leader-member exch...
-
Modeling dynamics in career construction: Reciprocal relationship betw...
-
The Role of Job Crafting and Affect in the Relationship between Non-Pr...
-
The motivational mechanisms underlying active and high-strain work: co...
-
A reading in cross-cultural service encounter: Exploring the relations...
-
Exploring the Relationship Between Job Quality, Performance Management...
-
Promoting Sustainable Development at an Organizational Level: An Analy...
-
The relationship between high performance work systems and employee pr...
-
When does proactivity have a cost? Motivation at work moderates the ef...
-
Fostering employee well-being via a job crafting intervention
-
Transformational leadership, adaptability, and job crafting: The moder...
-
A Look Back and a Leap Forward: A Review and Synthesis of the Individu...
-
Development and validation of a scale measuring approaches to work‐rel...
-
Transformational leadership and employee voice behavior: A Pygmalion m...
-
Proactive Goal Generation and Innovative Work Behavior: The Moderating...
-
New product and service launching in new ventures: a multilevel approa...
-
Personal Initiative and Job Performance Evaluations: Role of Political...
-
Career Decision Self-Efficacy and Life Satisfaction in China: An Empir...
-
The Role of Leader Support in Facilitating Proactive Work Behavior...
-
Cross-Level Influences of Empowering Leadership on Citizenship Behavio...
-
Moving Beyond Fight and Flight: A Contingent Model of How the Emotiona...
-
Integrating Emotions and Affect in Theories of Management
-
Looking on the Bright Side: The Positive Role of Organisational Politi...
-
Proactive personality, core self-evaluations, and engagement: the role...
-
Roles
-
Protean career orientation, vocational identity, and self-efficacy: an...
-
Mediator analysis of passion for work in Indian millennials
-
The case for reinvigorating quality of working life research
-
Linking Extroversion and Proactive Personality to Career Success...
-
The Impact of High-Commitment HR Practices on Hotel Employees’ Proacti...
-
Proactive personality and career adaptability: The role of thriving at...
-
Influence of work pressure on proactive skill development in China: Th...
-
The influences of perceived organizational support and motivation on s...
-
Employing proactive interaction for service failure prevention to impr...
-
Career adaptability as a strategic competence for career development
-
How challenging was your work today? The role of autonomous work motiv...
-
The longitudinal impact of a job crafting intervention
-
Understanding Value Conflict to Engage SME Managers with Business Gree...
-
Learning for Purpose: Challenges and Opportunities for Human Capital D...
-
The Effects of a Changing World of Work on Daily Working Life
-
Implementing Workplace Dignity in Organizations
-
Workplace Dignity and Individualization
-
Proactive Feedback-Seeking, Teaching Performance, and Flourishing Amon...
-
Human Agency at Work: Towards a Clarification and Operationalisation o...
-
Proaktives Verhalten: Schlüsselkompetenz für die Karriereentwicklung
-
Fostering employees' proactive strategic engagement: Individual and co...
-
Job crafting and I-deals: a study testing the nomological network of p...
-
A Study on the Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Jo...
-
Improved academic performance and enhanced employability? The potentia...
-
Career control, career dialogue and managerial position
-
Job resources, engagement, and proactivity: a moderated mediation mode...
-
The role of organizational context in fostering employee proactive beh...
-
Crafting one's job to take charge of role overload: When proactivity r...
-
Engaged and Productive Misfits: How Job Crafting and Leisure Activity ...
-
Work Engagement: Toward a General Theoretical Enriching Model
-
Fostering Change-Oriented Behaviors: A Broaden-and-Build Model
-
Transformational leadership and proactive work behaviour: A moderated ...
-
L’influence de la personnalité proactive sur la performance adaptative...
-
The role of approach and avoidance motivation in employee voice
-
Developing proactive salespeople – a study and recommendations for sal...
-
Proactive Interventions...
-
Personal initiative in middle childhood: Conceptualization and measure...
-
Can self‐sacrificial leadership promote subordinate taking charge? The...
-
When and why do individuals craft their jobs? The role of individual m...
-
Internship performance and satisfaction in sports: Application of the ...
-
A concept analysis of proactive behaviour in midwifery
-
The effect of learning goal orientation and communal goal strivings on...
-
Employees' perceptions of HR investment and their efforts to remain in...
-
The relationship between perceived organizational support and proactiv...
-
The effect of ‘can do’ and ‘reason to’ motivations on service–sales am...
-
Performance Management: Perceiving Goals as Invariable and Implication...
-
Latent profiles of work motivation in adolescents in relation to work ...
-
Safety Climate in Organizations
-
Exploring the relationship among servant leadership, intrinsic motivat...
-
Developing and validating the multidimensional proactive decision-maki...
-
Autonomy's impact on newcomer proactive behaviour and socialization: A...
-
The role of affective commitment and future work self salience in the ...
-
An Inner Barrier to Career Development: Preconditions of the Impostor ...
-
Crafting one’s leisure time in response to high job strain
-
Between- and within-person level motivational precursors associated wi...
-
Creating One’s Reality: The Interaction of Politics Perceptions and En...
-
A job demands-resources perspective on salespersons’ market intelligen...
-
Does the Customer Matter Most? Exploring Strategic Frontline Employees...
-
You think you are big fish in a small pond? Perceived overqualificatio...
-
The Eudaimonics of Human Strengths: The Relations Between Character St...
-
Designing Work that Works in the Contemporary World: Future Directions...
-
Veränderungen durch Coaching: Wie lernt ein Coachee im Coaching-Prozes...
-
How and When Does Emotional Intelligence Influence Salesperson Adaptiv...
-
The Role of Affect Spin in the Relationships between Proactive Persona...
-
Role Breadth Self-Efficacy and Foci of Proactive Behavior: Moderating ...
-
Behavioral mechanism and boundary conditions of transformational proce...
-
Organizational justice and personal initiative, mediating role of affe...
-
Job crafting and job performance: A longitudinal study
-
Revisiting How and When Perceived Organizational Support Enhances Taki...
-
Better to be flexible than to have flunked
-
Hope in Adolescent Careers...
-
Proactivity for Mental Health and Well‐Being
-
Proactivity in career development of employees
-
Moderating role of affectivity in career resilience and career anchors
-
Roles of gender and identification on abusive supervision and proactiv...
-
When and why empowering leadership increases followers’ taking charge:...
-
Envisioning, Planning and Innovating: A Closer Investigation of Proact...
-
The job crafting intervention: Effects on job resources, self‐efficacy...
-
Enhancing nurses' empowerment: the role of supervisors' empowering man...
-
Linking high involvement human resource practices to employee proactiv...
-
Perceived flexibility requirements: Exploring mediating mechanisms in ...
-
Perceived prosocial impact, perceived situational constraints, and pro...
-
How Differences Make a Difference
-
Self-Referential Emotion Regulatory Model of Work Design
-
An Integrative Review of Employee Voice: Identifying a Common Conceptu...
-
Comparing the Explanatory Capacity of Three Constructs in the Predicti...
-
Mindfulness, identity and work: mindfulness training creates a more fl...
-
Leader reactions to follower proactive behavior: Giving credit when cr...
-
Change-oriented behavior: A meta-analysis of individual and job design...
-
Whether a team benefits if all members are proactive? A theoretical mo...
-
The relationship between proactive goal generation and innovative beha...
-
A moderated mediation examination of proactive personality on employee...
-
Dynamics of Well-Being
-
Voice Climate, Supervisor Undermining, and Work Outcomes...
-
Building and Sustaining Proactive Behaviors: The Role of Adaptivity an...
-
Helping people to ‘make things happen’: A framework for proactivity at...
-
Designing Emotional Connection into the Workplace: A Story of Authenti...
-
Putting non-work ties to work: The case of guanxi in supervisor–subord...
-
Psychological needs, engagement, and work intentions
-
Adjustment Processes in Bridge Employment: Where We Are and Where We N...
-
Successful Aging at Work: The Role of Job Crafting
-
Le rôle modérateur des besoins socio-émotionnels dans la relation entr...
-
Person–job fit, person–organization fit and innovative work behavior: ...
-
References
-
Hope as a Resource for Self-Directed Career Management: Investigating ...
-
Association Between Proactive Personality and Academic Self–Efficacy
-
Individual and contextual determinants of innovative work behaviour: P...
-
Employee participation in non‐mandatory professional development – the...
-
Evaluating proactive behavior in lodging revenue management
-
Mature age job seekers: the role of proactivity
-
Becoming Oneself: The Central Role of Self-Concordant Goal Selection
-
The Proactive Behavior of Younger Salespeople: Antecedents and Outcome...
-
Antidotes to dissimilar mentor–protégé dyads
-
Increasing Personal Initiative in Small Business Managers or Owners Le...
-
Examining the interactive effects of accountability, politics, and voi...
-
Computer simulation of dental professionals as a moral community
-
Career Adapt-Abilities Scale: Convergent validity of subscale scores
-
New job market entrants' future work self, career adaptability and job...
-
Linking spirituality and values to personal initiative through psychol...
-
The relative importance of proactive behaviors and outcomes for predic...
-
Organizational career growth and subsequent voice behavior: The role o...
-
Job scope, affective commitment, and turnover: The moderating role of ...
-
Four-quadrant investigation of job-related affects and behaviours
-
Too much of a good thing: Curvilinear effect of positive affect on pro...
-
Feedback seeking from peers: A positive strategy for insecurely attach...
-
Burnout and Work Engagement: The JD–R Approach
-
The role of individual cultural traits and proactivity in an organizat...
-
The roles of leader emotion management and team conflict for team memb...
-
Proactive Personality at Work: Seeing More to Do and Doing More?
-
Reactive Adjustment or Proactive Embedding? Multistudy, Multiwave Evid...
-
The role of weekly high‐activated positive mood, context, and personal...
-
Beyond Motivation: Job and Work Design for Development, Health, Ambide...
-
Formen des Arbeitsverhaltens
-
Social support and functional outcome in severe mental illness: The me...
-
Career Management Opportunities in International Labour Market: A Theo...
-
Measuring Affect at Work Based on the Valence and Arousal Circumplex M...
-
Design Your Own Job Through Job Crafting
-
Les antécédents relationnels, organisationnels et individuels de la so...
-
Organizational Justice as Mediator of the Discretionary Human Resource...
-
An Empirical Investigation on Firms’ Proactive and Passive Motivation ...
-
Rocking the Boat but Keeping It Steady: The Role of Emotion Regulation...
-
Career commitment, proactive personality, and work outcomes: a cross-l...
-
Transformational leadership as an antecedent of change-oriented organi...
-
Directive versus Empowering Leadership: A Field Experiment Comparing I...
-
Proactive motivation and engagement in career behaviors: Investigating...
-
Assessing Performance Determinants of Higher Education Academics in De...
-
Feel Good, Do-Good!? On Consistency and Compensation in Moral Self-Reg...
-
Why and when do motives matter? An integrative model of motives, role ...
-
Input-Based Performance Evaluation, Incentive Intensity, and Proactive...
-
Employees’ Social Context and Change-Oriented Citizenship...
-
Workplace ostracism and hospitality employees’ counterproductive work ...
-
Making the Most of Structural Support: Moderating Influence of Employe...
-
Be Happy, don't Wait: The Role of Trait Affect in Job Search
-
Problem Solving and Well-Being...
-
Utilizing job resources: Qualitative evidence of the roles of job cont...
-
Spotlight on the Followers: An Examination of Moderators of Relationsh...
-
Relationships between daily affect and pro‐environmental behavior at w...
-
Demand-Perception and Self-Motivation as Opponent Processes...
-
Employees’ Motivation for Personal Initiative
-
The People Make the Place, and They Make Things Happen: Proactive Beha...
-
Self-Determination Theory’s Contribution to Positive Organizational Ps...
-
Who is Proactive and Why? Unpacking Individual Differences in Employee...
-
Construct Clean‐Up in Proactivity Research: A Meta‐Analysis on the Nom...
-
Crafting a balance between work and home
-
Voice Climate, Work Outcomes, and the Mediating Role of Psychological ...
-
Vision and Exchange in Intra–Family Succession: Effects on Procedural ...
-
Job Control and Job Stressors as Predictors of Proactive Work Behavior...
-
Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to...
-
Bridge building within the province of proactivity
-
Wzajemne relacje pomiędzy kulturą organizacyjną a zachowaniami proakty...
-
Proactive personality and job performance: The role of job crafting an...
-
A Relational Approach Among Perceived Organizational Support, Proactiv...
-
Challenging the Norm of Self-Interest: Minority Influence and Transiti...
-
Work Motivation: Directing, Energizing, and Maintaining Effort (and Re...
-
Explaining the Pathways Between Approach-Avoidance Personality Traits ...
-
Leadership and individual differences: At the cusp of a renaissance
-
The Risks and Rewards of Speaking Up: Managerial Responses to Employee...
-
Sub‐Dimensions of the Four Factor Model of Cultural Intelligence: Expa...
-
Leader-Follower Congruence in Proactive Personality and Work Outcomes:...
-
Happy and Proactive? The Role of Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well–Being in ...
-
Strength in Numbers
-
Coping Proactively with Economic Stress: Career Adaptability in the Fa...
-
Understanding Leaders’ Proactivity from a Goal-Process View and with M...
-
Chapter 8 Affect and Employee Proactivity: A Goal-Regulatory Perspecti...
-
Explaining the Pathways between Approach-Avoidance Personality Traits ...
-
Does Psychological Contract Breach Decrease Proactive Behaviors? The M...
-
Relationships of proactive behaviour with job-related affective well-b...
-
The performance implications of ambivalent initiative: The interplay o...
-
INTRAORGANIZATIONAL EMPLOYEE NAVIGATION AND SOCIALLY DERIVED OUTCOMES:...
-
Understanding active psychological states: Embedding engagement in a w...
-
Understanding proactive leadership
-
L’effet de l’habilitation sur la performance adaptative des employés
-
Academic Performance of Engineering Students
Figures and tables
Figures & Media
Tables
View Options
Get access
Access options
If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:
loading institutional access options
SMA members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.
SMA members can access this journal content using society membership credentials.
Alternatively, view purchase options below:
Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.
Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.
