Dynamic Receptor-Based Pharmacophore Model Development and Its Application in Designing Novel HIV-1 Integrase Inhibitors
- Jinxia Deng
- ,
- Keun Woo Lee
- ,
- Tino Sanchez
- ,
- Meng Cui
- ,
- Nouri Neamati
- , and
- James M. Briggs
Abstract
We present here a dynamic receptor-based pharmacophore model representing the complementary features of the active site region of HIV-1 integrase (IN), which was developed from a series of representative conformations of IN. Conformations of IN were sampled through a molecular dynamics study of the catalytic domain of an IN monomer, and an ensemble of representative IN structures were collected via a probability-based representative conformer sampling method that considers both the potential energy and the structural similarity of the protein conformations. The dynamic pharmacophore model was validated by a set of 128 known inhibitors, and the results showed that over 72% of the active inhibitors (IC50 lower than 20 μM) could be successfully identified by the dynamic model. Therefore, we screened our in-house database of commercially available compounds against this model and successfully identified a set of structurally novel IN inhibitors. Compounds 7 and 18 with IC50s of 8 μM and 15 μM, respectively, against the strand transfer reaction were the most potent. Moreover, 7, 8 and 20 showed a 5-fold selectivity for the strand transfer reaction over 3‘-processing.
†
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Houston.
§
University of Southern California.
‡
Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston.
‖
Current address: Department of Biochemistry, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa-dong, Jinju, GN 660−701 Korea.
*
Corresponding authors. Neamati: Tel: 323-442-2341, Fax: 323-442-1390, e-mail: [email protected]; Briggs: Tel: 713-743-8366, Fax: 713-743-8351, e-mail: [email protected].
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