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June 13, 2014

Prevalence of fatigue in Parkinson disease and its clinical correlates

Fabrizio Stocchi, MD, Giovanni Abbruzzese, MD, Roberto Ceravolo, MD, Pietro Cortelli, MD, PhD, Marco D'Amelio, MD, Maria F. De Pandis, MD, PhD, Giovanni Fabbrini, MD, Claudio Pacchetti, MD, Gianni Pezzoli, MD, Alessandro Tessitore, MD, PhD, Margherita Canesi, MD, Claudio Iannacone, and Mario Zappia, MD For the FORTE Study GroupAuthors Info & Affiliations
July 15, 2014 issue
83 (3) 215-220
https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000000587
Letters to the Editor
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Abstract

Objective:

To assess in a noninterventional setting the prevalence and severity of fatigue in patients with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Italian patients with PD. Objectives included the evaluation of the current prevalence and severity of fatigue in patients with PD measured using the 16-item Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS-16), distressing fatigue (defined as a PFS-16 mean score ≥3.3), and assessment of its clinical correlates.

Results:

A total of 402 patients were enrolled and 394 patients completed the PFS-16 questionnaire with a PFS-16 mean (±SD) score of 2.87 ± 0.99. Of these, 136 patients (33.8%) reported distressing fatigue (PFS-16 mean score ≥3.3). Patients with distressing fatigue were older (p = 0.044) and had a longer duration of PD (p < 0.0001) than those without distressing fatigue. The presence of distressing fatigue was associated with higher total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, poorer quality of life (39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire [PDQ-39]), worse social and psychological behaviors, a higher severity of depressive symptoms, and a higher prevalence of sleep disorders (all p < 0.001). Logistic regression analyses revealed that higher total UPDRS scores, female sex, depression, sleep disorders, as well as higher UPDRS activities of daily living scores and PDQ-39 mobility scores increase the likelihood of distressing fatigue in patients with PD.

Conclusions:

Approximately one-third of patients with PD have distressing fatigue, which is significantly associated with depression and sleep disorders. The fact that the presence of fatigue worsens patient quality of life supports the need to better diagnose and treat this debilitating symptom.

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Supplementary Material

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Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Neurology®
Volume 83 • Number 3 • July 15, 2014
Pages: 215-220
PubMed: 24928125

Copyright

© 2014 American Academy of Neurology.

Publication History

Received: July 6, 2013
Accepted: April 11, 2014
Published online: June 13, 2014
Published in print: July 15, 2014

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Disclosure

F. Stocchi has received consulting fees from GSK, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, Newron, Merck Serono, Novartis, Lundbeck, Impax, Schering Plough, MSD, and UCB. G. Abbruzzese has received honoraria from GSK, Lundbeck, and Meda. R. Ceravolo has received speaker honoraria from UCB, Lundbeck, GSK, Boehringer Ingelheim, and Novartis. P. Cortelli has received honoraria for speaking engagements or consulting activities with Allergan Italia, Boehringer Ingelheim Italia, Chelsea Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A, Lundbeck Italy, Merck Sharp & Dohme (Italia), Teva, UCB Pharma S.p.A, Chiesi Farmaceutici, and AbbVie srl. M. D'Amelio has received speaker honoraria from Lundbeck and Glaxo. He has received funding for travel from Lundbeck and Schwarz Pharma/UCB. He had received research support from Lundbeck and Novartis. M.F. De Pandis has received honoraria from GSK, UCB, Lundbeck, and Novartis. G. Fabbrini has received honoraria for speaking engagements from Lundbeck, Novartis, and Allergan. C. Pacchetti has received honoraria from Chiesi Farmaceutici. G. Pezzoli has received honoraria from Lundbeck, UCB, Meda Pharma, Novartis, and Chiesi. A. Tessitore has received speaker honoraria from Lundbeck, Novartis, Schwarz Pharma/UCB, and Glaxo. M. Canesi has received honoraria from Lundbeck, UCB, Novartis, GSK, Meda, Chiesi, B.I., and GE. C. Iannacone has received honoraria from Amgen Dompè, Bracco Imaging, Chiesi Farmaceutici, Enervit, MolMed, Nycomed, Roche, and Takeda. M. Zappia has received honoraria for lectures and educational activities from Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Lundbeck, UCB Pharma, Chiesi Farmaceutici, and Novartis. Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures.

Study Funding

This study was funded by an unrestricted educational grant from Lundbeck (Italy). Lundbeck Italia SpA participated in the study design and was responsible for data collection, monitoring, and statistical analysis. The authors were responsible for study design, interpretation of data, writing the manuscript, and decision to publish. Authors had complete access to the database and vouch for the completeness and accuracy of the data and data analysis. Lundbeck Italia SpA provided funding for editorial and formatting assistance under direction of the authors.

Authors

Affiliations & Disclosures

Fabrizio Stocchi, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Scientific advisory board: GSK, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, Newron, Merck Serono, Novartis, Lundbeck, Impax, Schering Plough, MSD and UCB
Gifts:
1.
Educational lectures: GSK, Teva, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck Serono, Novartis, Lundbeck,and UCB
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Parkinson's disease since 2010
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Giovanni Abbruzzese, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Honoraria for symposia from: Lundbeck, Abbvie
Editorial Boards:
1.
Neurological Sciences - Editorial Board - 2011-ongoing Basal Ganglia - Editorial Board - 2011-2013
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Roberto Ceravolo, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Speaker honoraria from GSK, General Electric, UCB-Pharma, Lundbeck,Novartis.
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Pietro Cortelli, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Prof Cortelli served on the scientific advisory board for MDS Italia and UCB Italia.
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Prof Cortelli has received honoraria for speaking engagements with Allergan Italia, Boehringer Ingelheim Italia, Chelsea Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A, Lundbeck Italy, Merck Sharp & Dohme (Italia), Teva, UCB Pharma S.p.A, Chiesi Farmaceutici
Editorial Boards:
1.
Prof Cortelli serves as advisory board member for Neurological Sciences, Clinical Autonomic Research, Autonomic Neurosciences
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
Prof Cortelli has received honoraria for consulting activities with Allergan Italia, Boehringer Ingelheim Italia, Chelsea Therapeutics, GlaxoSmithKline S.p.A, Lundbeck Italy, Merck Sharp & Dohme (Italia, Teva, UCB Pharma S.p.A, Chiesi Farmaceutici
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
University of Bologna, RFO 2010-2011, 2011-2012
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Telethon GGP10184
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Marco D'Amelio, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
Evidence Based Neurology, Editorial Board, 2011-2014
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Maria F. De Pandis, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Giovanni Fabbrini, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
Travel and speaker honoraria from Novartis, Lundbeck
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Claudio Pacchetti, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
1) Basal Ganglia, editorial advisory board member, 2011, any compensation
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Gianni Pezzoli, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
Advisory Board for the rights of Parkinson's disease patients organized by Burson-Marsteller Chairman of the Advisory Board of the Grigioni Foundation for Parkinson's disease, a non-profit organization - free of charge
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
attendance of meetings in the capacity of Chairman of the Grigioni Foundation for Parkinson's disease
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Research grants from the Region of Lombardy in the capacity of Director of the Parkinson Institute at ICP Hospital, Milano, Italy
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
Research grant from Telethon for the maintenance of the DNA bank in the capacity of Director of the Parkinson Institute, ICP Hospital, Milano, Italy
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
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Alessandro Tessitore, MD, PhD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
I have received speaker honoraria from Novartis, Schwarz Pharma/UCB, Lundbeck, Glaxo and Abbvie.
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Margherita Canesi, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Claudio Iannacone
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
NONE
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
NONE
Patents:
1.
NONE
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
SPARC CONSULTING, Senior Biostatistician, 4 years
Consultancies:
1.
(1) Roche (2) Bayer (3) Chiesi Farmaceutici (4) Takeda
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
Mario Zappia, MD
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
Disclosure
Scientific Advisory Boards:
1.
(1)Lundbeck pharmaceuticals advisory board
Gifts:
1.
NONE
Funding for Travel or Speaker Honoraria:
1.
NONE
Editorial Boards:
1.
(1)Neurological Sciences
Patents:
1.
1) Electronic device for the measurement of movement time. Italian patent n. 01277716. 2) Electronic device for self-assessment of movement time. Italian patent n. 01313213.
Publishing Royalties:
1.
NONE
Employment, Commercial Entity:
1.
NONE
Consultancies:
1.
NONE
Speakers' Bureaus:
1.
NONE
Other Activities:
1.
NONE
Clinical Procedures or Imaging Studies:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Commercial Entities:
1.
Novartis,Merck-Serono,Biogen Idec
Research Support, Government Entities:
1.
Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco (AIFA)
Research Support, Academic Entities:
1.
NONE
Research Support, Foundations and Societies:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options/board of Directors Compensation:
1.
NONE
License Fee Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Royalty Payments, Technology or Inventions:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Research Sponsor:
1.
NONE
Stock/stock Options, Medical Equipment & Materials:
1.
NONE
Legal Proceedings:
1.
NONE
View all articles by this author
For the FORTE Study Group
From the Institute of Neurology (F.S.), IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome; Section of Neurology (G.A.), DINOGMI, University of Genoa; Department of Neuroscience (R.C.), University of Pisa; IRCCS Institute of Neurological Sciences of Boulogne (P.C.), Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Boulogne; Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (M.D.), University of Palermo; Parkinson Operative Unit (M.F.D.P.), San Raffaele Institute, Cassino (FR); Department of Neurology and Psychiatry (G.F.), and IRCSS Neuromed, La Sapienza University of Rome; Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit (C.P.), IRCCS Neurological National Institute C. Mondino, Pavia; Parkinson Institute (G.P., M.C.), I.C.P., Milan; Department of Neurology (A.T.), Second University of Naples; LB Research (C.I.), Cantù (CO); and Department G.F. Ingrassia (M.Z.), Neurosciences Area, University of Catania, Italy.
View all articles by this author

Notes

Correspondence to Dr. Stocchi: [email protected]
FORTE Study Group coinvestigators are listed on the Neurology® Web site at Neurology.org.
Go to Neurology.org for full disclosures. Funding information and disclosures deemed relevant by the authors, if any, are provided at the end of the article.

Author Contributions

All authors were involved with the study design and data acquisition, analysis and interpretation of the results (steering committee meetings), and all authors critically reviewed drafts and gave approval to the final version of this article. Fabrizio Stocchi produced the first draft of the manuscript and also participated in literature searches and revision of the manuscript. Anita Chadha-Patel (medical writer) assisted with the systematic literature search and editing of the manuscript.

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