IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology and Engineering

India’s retail industry is witnessing revolution and positioned as favorable destination for investment. The Indian retail industry
has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast-paced industries due to the entry of several new players. It accounts for over 10
per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world’s fifth-largest
global destination in the retail space due to increase in income level, urbanization, fast changing IT and Communication
technologies. On the other hand consumer buying behavior in not a new baby for us but its importance is increasing day by day
due to change in market conditions and increase in Competition. In today’s competitive environment development of brand loyalty
amongst customers is a big challenge in front of business unit. This paper aims to determine effect of brand loyalty on each
dimensions of consumer buying behavior related to retail trade in Solapur City. It is found from the study that in retail industry as
per as grocery trade is concerned still customers are giving preference to prize and test whereas Packaging flavor and appearance
doesn’t play important role. Most of customers knows brands available in markets and doesn’t show willingness to switch their
brand.

The Brindle is a prototype for an electronic book that uses linear actuators to provide a refreshable 'Braille' display. The prototype makes use of simple solenoids and a microcomputer to control the up and down motion of the mechanical pins. A program will first convert the given English text into a Braille format, each character being made up of a combination of six dots (pins). According to the Braille character solenoids are activated or neglected, thus moving the pins up or down appropriately. This movement is controlled by yet another program. The matrix of pins will be covered with a polymeric layer for protection. The user is also provided with two buttons; to go to the previous page or next page as and when they wish. The screen then gets refreshed accordingly. As a result the visually impaired too can read their favorite book on the go.

The depressing economic situation of things in our country lead to the carrying out of this research as the bad economy can be responsible for low productivity in soft packaging industry. State of the art the industrial success mainly depends on the delivery, quality and uptime. The industry where this study has been done is engaged in the processing and manufacturing, flexible packaging solutions. This unit is engaged in printing required content on plain foils. In order to achieve this industry should implement new techniques which will increase the quality, productivity and decrease worker fatigue. Ergonomics is one such technique. The assessment is based on NIOSH calculation for lifting and the general survey among 8 workers for a month in industry. This study is on application of ergonomics in reducing musculoskeletal disorders, improving the quality of work system design and increasing productivity. Various factors which may cause injury at work station were checked out. The existing workstation design was studied and suggestion was given to improvise the method for productivity by reducing wristband shoulder injury and fatigue. In this study some causes which were responsible for low productivity such as inappropriate performance of machines and injuries to workers, keeping these facts in mind ergonomic approach were used to overcome these problems. The questionnaire for safety and health survey has been taken up from OSHA Nova Scott that for ergonomic survey has been taken up from NIOSH publication. In this study injury has been reduced to a great extent by conducting training and productivity has been improved by changing current outer diameter of rolls from 450 mm to 650 mm. It has been concluded by these implementations that the along with these main goals company also have reduced the amount of waste material from 5-7 % to 2-4% and storage space also reduced. Quality and machine performance was improved due to continuous run of machine in lesser breaks.

Nowadays humans are facing many problems while lifting the heavy weight in upper body on exoskeleton for use in the fields of rehabilitation and therapeutic application, as well as occupations requiring augmented strength. Though systems exist, past exoskeleton endeavors have led to bulky, expensive, invasive, and tethered solutions. The challenge is to build an exoskeleton system that is inexpensive, streamlined, and wireless. In order to overcome the problem, it is challenge to develop a unique solution in the manner of low cost and ergonomic device. To achieve this, a kit is developed to lift the heavy weight application in various fields for user friendly interaction. With the help of arduino onboard sensing system, signal from the human body skeleton is acquired and the same is forwarded to the developed kit for actuating the cylinder. The retrieved data can be used by industrial workers to minimize the less time consumption of their work. Due to its low cost, hospitals can employ multiple devices and also the devices could even be used at home for physical appliances, which would dramatically increase quality of life for workers and patients. The developed device is highly augmented strength, so it is applicable to physically intensive occupations such as search and rescue operations. Hence, design and develop human power reduction kit device is required in the industry to achieve the human economic factors.

Rehabilitation of any structure is essential when strength of structural element found less than the design. The aging of material of building components, environmental effects on material repeated excessive changes in pattern of stresses, bad workmanship, poor quality of material, etc. reduce the strength of the structure. If building will not gain sufficient strength and life with repair work then rehabilitation is necessary. In this project report we evaluate different structural defects in building and their causes. Then it is found that through evaluation, the building is unsafe. This is due to deterioration of structural members in building because of long age and weathering effect. So the rehabilitation of building is necessary. In this old building was demolished and planning of new residential building with G+11 have 2 PODIUM at BANDRA (WEST). In this we study the different stages in rehabilitation as well as guidelines of it. We have studied valuation and its different methods. We also studied rate analysis, quantity survey and estimation and their types. We will do valuation to see whether the rehabilitation is feasible or not. We will also work out for estimation with the help of " ESTIMATOR 2.0 " .

The service life of a structure is its time of functionality during the intended period of service at the expected loading. The life prediction of the components of a structure plays a crucial role to avoid a sudden global failure. Fatigue is the type of failure under repeated loads. The most distinguishing characteristic is that the failure had occurred only after the stresses had been repeated a very large number of times. The present work gives a broad review of the available literature on low cycle fatigue failure.

Image fusion is a process of combining complimentary details from multiple input images such that the new image give more information and more suitable for the purpose of human visual perception. Noisy and Blurred image pairs have been considered as a solution to provide high quality images. In this paper it is proposed to decompose the input images into two layers namely the base layer and the detail layer and it fuses the input images by weighted average using the weights computed from the detail layer that are extracted from the input images using Cross Bilateral Filter (CBF).

As technology is shrinking down we requires devices which consume less power gives less delay in device. So here we compare PFAL (Positive Feedback Adiabatic Logic) and ECRl (Efficient Charge – Recovery Logic) technique basic logic gates with CMOS gates. Results gives improvement in power and delay. Using this ECRL and PFAL we have design 2:1 mux which is very less power consuming and fast in operation. Simulation result is done using TSMC180nm technology on tanner tool.

Demands to use the world's fossil fuel reserves have been getting higher recently due to global industrialization and the increase of road vehicles running on petroleum-based fuels. Nowadays, fossil fuels are used mostly in the transportation sector; in which diesel is the most commonly used fuel. The fuel properties put great impact on engine performance. The Biodiesel cannot be directly used in the diesel engines because some of its fuel properties which poorly affect engine operation, but it can be blended with diesel fuel or alcohols. The present research is aimed at exploring technical feasibility of Jatropha oil in compression ignition engine without any substantial hardware modifications. In this work the methyl ester of Jatropha oil was investigated for its performance as a diesel engine fuel. The blends were obtained by mixing diesel and esterified Jatropha in the following proportions J10D90 which indicates jatropha biodiesel 10% and Diesel 90%, Similarly J20D80, J30D70, J40D60, J50D50, J75D25 and J100D0 were prepared. Experiments have been conducted with J0D100 (Pure diesel) and J100D0 (Pure biodiesel). The aluminium oxide additive is added to methyl ester of Jatropha to study the performance and exhaust emissions of diesel engine. Further the proportions extends to the different ratios of prepared biodiesel. Performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, brake power were determined. Exhaust emissions like CO2, CO, NOX and smoke have been evaluated.

With the advent of science and technology life has become much easier for us. Since there are much better tools available now than before, making replicas is very easy. It is becoming harder to distinguish between real and duplicates manually. The existing devices and scientific procedures do not provide a generalized approach to this problem which does not require manual work. So, either they are specific solutions for only some materials or they are done manually. This experiment tries to create a solution for this problem by material differentiation based on their response to acoustic waves. Travel time taken by sound waves when passed through different media will be the factor for differentiation. Hence, we can use this method for any material. The setup consists of a microcontroller, a sound generator and receiver with object kept in between them and can be used as an electronic sensor. The current experiment is done on real diamond.

Tracking object and human detection are most frequently made applications with available new technologies. The platform in which it is performed tells about its work. In this paper, object tracking is done using LabVIEW and human detection is made possible using PIR sensor and Arduino. For investigating about the human detected, a servo motor is used for rotating the camera to capture the face of the human. Vision assistant is the key tool used for getting the real world object and comparing it with the reference predefined object. There is option for implementing both single and multi-object tracking but here single object is being tracked with real time values displayed along with images for getting information about the deviation taking place in the application. A LED is used for indicating whether the predefined condition prevails or any deviation is recorded.

Pune is a metro city and 9th most popular city in India. The focus of this paper is to study the current rate variation for commercial properties in different areas of the Pune city, India and also to find out the factors affecting the commercial property valuation. Commercial property is referred to as property used for revenue generation. Many studies have seen analysis of commercial property valuation parameters that affect their value. This study not only identifies the factors affecting commercial property value but also identifies zones or areas in Pune city that have seen a drastic change in terms of commercial property value trend. A trend analysis for various localities is done to assess the impact of the identified parameters on the value trend. This study would help the prospective buyer to make the best buying decisions so as to gain maximum returns in future.

This paper presents the study and control of the Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by using IoT. The BLDC drive systems are often used in many industrial applications such as robotics, actuation and manipulators. The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the ever growing network of physical objects that feature an Internet protocol (IP) address for internet connectivity and the communication that occurs between these objects and other internet enabled devices and systems. The BLDC Motor has been widely used in industries because of its properties such as high efficiency, reliability, high weight to torque ratio. By utilizing this IoT control, the rate can be tuned until it gets like the desired output.

Flat slab system is simply a beamless slab system in which slabs directly rests on columns. Flat slab system nowadays widely used in structural systems than slab-beam-column framed system because of its speedy construction, easier formwork, use of space and architectural significance. Response reduction factor is a ratio of elastic base shear to design base shear. This paper deals with the literature review of different authors on seismic behavior of reinforced concrete and flat slab frame structure. The object of this study is to evaluate response reduction factor and check its adequacy in flat slab structure. And also to compare pushover curves by pushover analysis.

This paper implements an android based mobile app for online medicine shopping. This mobile app is developed to facilitate online medicine purchase by verifying the prescription uploaded by the user and to confirm the order. This system includes mobile application interfaces, pharmacist interface, database, web service provider for intermediate process to provide service through android mobile phone. When the user wants to make purchase through mobile app, necessary to upload the authorized prescription from a doctor and the prescription will be stored in the database. Then the user precedes the process by giving medicine name in the mobile application Chatbot interface. When the medicine is available in the pharmacy, the user allowed to add the medicine in the cart list, if the medicine is not available in the pharmacy, the mobile app will hold the process for the pharmacist response to post a suggestion and get confirmation for providing equivalent brand of medicine. The prescription uploaded by the user is compared with the cart list and will be approved by the pharmacist before placing the order. The domain of this system is android application. The n-gram technique is used in this system to speed up the searching process by the user typing medicine name in the user application interface. The drawback of existing system is online shopping or android apps are not user friendly. The proposed mobile app is user friendly by implementing the Bot Builder Framework for online medicine shopping.

As it is time consuming and dependent on a single resource to download a bigger size file using a single internet connection, one may not finish the process with the mentioned possibilities. Even if we have additional resources like computers and additional internet connections, it is still unused. To overcome all these demerits our project download manager can be used. When we want to download a bigger file instead of downloading it in a single system, our software splits the file, into more than one part and those parts can be downloaded parallel using the available resources then it can be merged into single file that we wanted to download. Hereby our software reduces the time and uses the idle resources.

Facial expression recognition has many real world applications, which include human machine interaction, medical applications, and human psychology. If a set of query images are given, the exact expression type such as anger, disgust, happiness, fear, sorrow, or surprise is recognized. This facial expression recognition is formulated as a longitudinal groupwise registration. There are mainly two steps that are used which are: Atlas construction method and Sparse representation method. A diffeomorphic growth model describes the various facial feature movements. Sparse groupwise registration method suppresses the changes due to interfacial movements. Image appearance information in spatial domain and topological evolution information in temporal domain are used for recognition. This method can be evaluated in Cohn-Kanade database.

In this paper, the details studies carried out on Flexural Behavior of Hollow Square Beam Using Fiber Reinforced Concrete at various depths. As concrete is weak in tension, steel reinforcements are provided in this zone. The concrete below the neutral axis act as a stress transfer medium between the compression and tension zone. Partial replacement of the concrete below the neutral axis is an idea that can create reduction in weight and savings in materials. This research focuses on structural material optimization by introducing hollow core using PVC pipe in tension zone of RC beams. By material optimization, we can reduce the dead loads which contribute to seismic effect in high rise structures. The Glass Fiber is added into the concrete mix M20 grade with respect to the water ratio. The strength and durability of the concrete structure is depending upon the different ratio of glass fiber in the concrete. The experimental programs consists of casting and testing of RC Beams of size 1000mm x 150mm x 150mm provided with 50mm circular PVC pipe at various depths along lateral direction. To determine the flexural behavior, the test conducted on RC Beams are three point loading.

In a traditional brick manufacturing process people made brick in small bucket ,relying on relatively inefficient firing method, in this process brick might have few problems i.e. leaves a frog on depression on their top surface. In Automatic brick manufacturing based on PLC SCADA present the fundamental procedures for automatic manufacturing of clay brick. The process for forming of brick, to mixture an essential row material like different type of clay & coal ash, to obtain the desired shape through hydraulic pressure or vibration and then drying, firing and burning. Then to maintain a specific temperature with this process is not reliable. In this project we want to design a brick manufacturing system, which can resolve all the faults facing in an above said traditional method. We are using PLC to design automatic brick manufacturing which covers.

Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) is a passive control device which is simple, inexpensive and a reliable means for suppressing undesirable vibration of structures caused by harmonic or wind excitation. The effect of TMD with optimum parameters (frequency and mass ratios) is studied. In the present paper, a soft storey constructed at the top of a building is treated as a TMD and its usefulness in response reduction is evaluated. Analysis and modeling are done using FE software developed by VSSC, FEASTSMT and the building is subjected to an arbitrary acceleration as base excitation to record the response at top storey. TMDs with mass percentages of 2 and 3 are considered and the results are compared between buildings with and without TMD.

Web mining is one of the applications of data mining which is used to retrieve information from large amount of data available on web as per user queries. Web mining techniques are used to find and extract required information from the web pages. Content mining is used to extract data from the web page contents. Usage mining is used to fetching information from user logs. Structure mining is used to mine the structure of the websites. Retrieving relevant content from web pages is tedious process. In this paper, we are going to use content mining and usage mining techniques for collecting technical and non-technical events published on various sites. The user can get required details about the events at a single place instead of visiting all other websites. Existences of data available on internet are in different formats such as structured, unstructured and semi structured. Most of the information available on internet is in unstructured format. To discover exact data which is requested in user query can be done by matching keywords with content of the web pages. Giving text preferences is the simple way for searching information from web documents.

The Experimental behavior of cold formed steel hollow, in filled Conventional Concrete and M-Sand replaced concrete in-filled short and long columns subjected to axial load. The experimental investigations are carried out to study the change in strength characteristics obtained for 50% Usage of M-sand. The In-Fill Mix Chosen was M40 for both Conventional and M Sand Mix. The behavior of hollow, CC and in-filled light gauge steel short and long columns and their load carrying capacities are to be studied. Load-Axial shortening and Load-Strain behavior for all the specimens tested are to be drawn. The ultimate loads are determined experimentally.

Now a day's use of castellated beam is become very popular due to its advantageous structural applications. Fabrication of Castellated beam are done by cutting in its web of hot rolled steel (HRS) I section into zigzag pattern & after that the cutting portion are rejoining it over another. By rejoining the cutting portion over one another the depth of the beam is also increases. The openings provided in the web portion is generally circular, hexagonal, diamond or sinusoidal in shape. The load carrying capacity of the castellated beam is increased by increasing the depth of the beam. There are no of modes of failures in the castellated beam due to its increase in depth like lateral torsional buckling, formation of vierendeel mechanism, rupture of welded joint in a web post & shear buckling of web post which needs to take care of. Therefore for minimizing these failures modes study is carried out which shows that use of stiffeners in web portion is important. The literature survey shows that the use of stiffeners in the web portion of castellated beam minimizing the deflection in that portion & also increasing the strength. Review papers are suggested that using stiffeners along the transvers direction reduces the stress concentration near openings.

Nitrogen is present in atmosphere and is essential for all living things. However excess nitrate-nitrogen present in water can lead to adverse effects on living beings. Nitrate is the most common anion to be found in groundwater. Water quality monitoring in various states and countries conducted in groundwater survey around the world showed varying concentrations of nitrate. Most of the places, the concentration is within USEPA standards of 10mg/L nitrate-nitrogen (45mg/l nitrate according to Bureau of Indian Standards). However, some isolated cases showed spike in nitrate concentration in water mostly due to presence of wastewater disposal sites, landfills and septic/solid disposals. Consumption of nitrate contaminated water can affect livestock and humans especially babies and pregnant women such as methenaglobemia in infants. Various treatments have been found for removing ground nitrate from groundwater. Most cost effective and efficient method is adsorption.

Voting is the vital part of democratic process to ensure one's decisions to elect the leaders in a transparent way. So it's becoming very important to make the voting process more easy and efficient. Traditional voting process includes hand counted paper ballots and then the electronic voting machines. These traditional methods have many drawbacks. In order to overcome these drawbacks, an android based M-Voting system, which gives the privacy in expressing the voter's decisions to elect the representatives. The android platform gives the portability to the application. In the M-Voting system, the voter votes using the android application which can be downloaded over the internet. The voter is given the facility to view the history of the previous elections and come to a conclusion of the state's fate. The voter registers by giving the personal details and AADHAR ID which contains the QR-code. Once the election date and time is announced, the voter gets notification via SMS or E-mail. Only then the voter is allowed to enter into the poll by entering the OTP (One Time Password) and scanning the QR-code. If the voter is validated then, permitted to enter into the poll. If not, then the app exits automatically from the poll.

This paper presents a review on Activated Flux Welding Process (ATIG). In present age of competition different types of organizations are striving hard to control costs, maintain high levels of productivity, meet changing expectations of the customers and attain quality. Gas tungsten arc welding is fundamental in those industries where it is important to control the weld bead shape and its metallurgical characteristics. However, compared to the other arc welding process, the shallow penetration of the TIG welding restricts its ability to weld thick structures in a single pass thus its productivity is relativity low. The use of activated flux in conventional GTAW process is one of the most significant advancements for overcoming the shortcomings of TIG welding, which helps in increasing the depth of penetration and depth to width ratio of the weld pool, thereby increasing the productivity of the process and also it helps in achieving better mechanical properties.

Software development companies rely highly on automated testing and adopt various automated testing frameworks. There is a need to develop a testing framework which should be application independent and scalable. Action based Keyword Driven testing is the solution for above mentioned problems. The idea behind the Action based Keyword Driven approach in automation is to separate the coding from the test case, test step & driver script. Action based keyword-driven test automation framework improves reusability of automated test scripts. Action based KDT framework suite allows manual testers to participate in the automated test creation without any programming knowledge. It also reduces the overall maintenance cost. The proposed framework uses selenium Web Driver API for testing web applications. The test case results are generated as HTML-based reports.

This paper mickle with the various automated crop watering with water skill available to the farmer. The key goal of this paper is to provide energy efficient solar powered Arduino based automated crop watering with water system. Minimisation of human treatment in farm land crop watering with water can be done by using this automated technology. The bypass connecter of the solar mastery board will reduce the shading effect of the solar panel. This technology will improve the solar panel efficiency and this improved efficiency will be used in the automated smart crop watering with water unconscious process. The use of moisture sensor, DHT 22 sensor and all together sends the signals to Arduino which further sends the different status as read by the sensing element to drug exploiter mobile through GSM. The farmer (user) can watch and control all crop watering with water operations through his android mobile device. The farm land will be off printed as a zone which has a separate moisture sensor and it has a separate valve connection too. These valve connections are controlled by the Arduino which receives signal from moisture sensors of a particular zone.

This paper produces an approach for video synopsis through which shorter and condensed form of video can be obtained. Most of the spatiotemporal redundancies in surveillance video can be avoided and essential activities in the video can be preserved here. In most of the existing approaches collisions are caused while video is condensed. Most of the collisions can be avoided by reducing size of moving objects. Mainly three steps are used. Interesting objects are identified and detected in first step. An optimization framework technique is used in second step in order to find energy mapping values. Finally scaled down objects are added back to the video of user defied length video.

Patients who face immunological risks during transplants face difficulties in obtaining the matching donor. Evaluation of this risk is done based on donor-recipient compatibilities. Previous papers made use of EpVix software that performs virtual cross matching and reactivity analyses of epitopes. The best donor can be identified using this software. Patients with high immunological risk have a smaller chance of receiving a transplant which in turn reduces the number of available compatible donors. This paper introduces a computational learning algorithm called a PAC learning which provides more error tolerance facilities and increases the capability of selection among various available donors of the group. The probability of success in selecting the donor increases as PAC learning is noise tolerant in nature. PAC refers to Probably Approximately Correct learning where samples are received and a hypothesis is to be formed from a group of possible donors available. The main advantage is that with high probability, the selection process will have low error. The current issue of the available software is how the selection process is to be conducted to correctly identify the best matching donor when multiple donors are available for particular recipient. Error tolerance has to be increased along with proper filtering to eliminate the ones with lower matching probabilities and finally determine the perfect match for transplant. PAC algorithm solves this issue to an extent.

Firstly, registration will be done on Blind-user's mobile application (where concerned phone numbers are saved to whom alert message will be send). Ultrasonic Sensor reads and sends values from micro-controller to the mobile application. Distance value will be converted into footsteps, accordingly application will notify the blind-user (via speech/beep sound). When the blind person press and holds the low volume button for few seconds, a message is send to registered numbers of blind person's current location. This project is basically for blind user's independent movement (Indoor & Outdoor).

In construction industry retrofitting is mainly used for repairing the old structures, but use of FRP is proving to be better than the conventional methods of retrofitting. This paper provides the literature review of the different authors who has studied on the FRP composites, beams, T beams, and beams with openings. The study provides good data on the FRP use, opening dimensions and different loading conditions to be applied on the beam.

An explosion within or nearby a building can cause catastrophic damage to the building. The blast explosion is due to pressure or vehicle bomb or quarry blasting. Lifeline structures like buildings, bridges, pipelines, industrial plants, dams etc. plays an important role in the economy of our country so that they have to be protected from these explosions. Because of the nonlinear behavior of the material, the dynamic response of the structures under blast loading is complex to analyze. Explosion will generate large dynamic loads which would be greater than original loads for which the structure is designed and analyzed. Normally, the conventional structures are not designed to resist blast loads because its magnitude is very higher than the normal design loads. So the engineers are seeking solutions to potential blast situations. Column is the most important load bearing structure in a building. So it is necessary to study the effect of blast loading on columns. This study focuses to enhance the understanding of the behavior of columns when subjected to blast load and also the effect of various parameters like standoff distance, aspect ratio etc. are discussed.

An explosion within or nearby a building can cause catastrophic damage to the building. The blast explosion is due to pressure or vehicle bomb or quarry blasting. Lifeline structures like buildings, bridges, pipelines, industrial plants, dams etc. plays an important role in the economy of our country so that they have to be protected from these explosions. Because of the nonlinear behavior of the material, the dynamic response of the structures under blast loading is complex to analyze. Explosion will generate large dynamic loads which would be greater than original loads for which the structure is designed and analyzed. Normally, the conventional structures are not designed to resist blast loads because its magnitude is very higher than the normal design loads. So the engineers are seeking solutions to potential blast situations. Column is the most important load bearing structure in a building. So it is necessary to study the effect of blast loading on columns. This study focuses to enhance the understanding of the behavior of columns when subjected to blast load and also the effect of various parameters like standoff distance, aspect ratio etc. are discussed.

Adequate shelter for all people is one of the crucial challenges faced by the developing countries like India. In India by 2013, shortage of 30 million homes with almost 99% of the shortfall coming from families earning less than 2 lakhs rupees per year (EWS & LIG segment).According to census 2011 India has 65 million of slum population and by 2017 it will outreach 104 million. The country had a population of 1210.98 million, out of which 377.10(31.16%) lives in Urban areas. This growing concentration of people in urban areas has led to problems of land shortage, housing shortfall and has also several basic amenities such as water, power and open spaces of towns and cities. Urbanization has resulted in people increasingly living in slums and squatter settlements and has deteriorated the housing conditions of the economically weaker section of society. This is primarily due to skyrocketing prices of land and real estate in urban areas that have forced the poor and economically weaker section of the society to occupy the marginal lands typified by poor housing stock, congestion and obsolescence. Considering these factors there currently exists a wide gap between the demand and supply of housing (both in terms of quantity and quality) in urban areas. Hence, it has become a necessity for developing country like India to adopt cost effective, innovative housing for the construction of houses for enabling the people to construct houses at affordable cost. Our project aims to reduce the cost of building by replacing ordinary material with latest one and suggest new methodology which will reduce cost as well as do not affect the strength of the structure.

Staff record plays a significant role in an organization as it provides information needed to manage their employee performance. Many institute particularly the schools and colleges are still using the conventional methods which are merely paper-based to record the data of their employees, this often result in downright, waste of time in generating reports or searching for employee records and loss or damage of files. These inadequacies in the conventional method are characteristically eluded for the justification in developing a computer-based SMS; as it creates and maintains the database of staff records. This paper discusses the development of computer-based system using JSP while the database is designed using MySQL. With this new system in place, it will provide a dependable report of staff profile in support of management, planning and decision-making. It will also accelerate the most time consuming aspect of the institute which is processing and maintaining accurate staff information, their leaves and provide ways to access employee records and handle their events efficiently.

This paper presents a module and automated method for assessment and trends analysis in software engineering compared with the prior studies. To achieve a more reasonable evaluation result, we take into consideration more high-quality publications, the rank of each publication analyzed, and the different roles of authors named on each paper in question. According to the few papers published during 2008 to 2013, the statistics of research subjects roughly follow power laws, implying the interesting effect. We believe that our results would provide a valuable insight for young scholars and graduate students to seek possible potential collaborators and grasp the popular research topics in software engineering.

This research paper provides the study of various quality control methods and also their comparison with their advantages as well as applications. This study has helped us in our project which is based on gauge designing and as has also helped us understand the need of quality control. The company that has sponsor our project is a TQM (Total Quality Management) adapted company and demands an increased quality controlled product. Also the global industry depends on quality and metrology to establish confidence between customer and supplier. Global trade is open to all and in order to take part effectively in today's global economy QSTM (Quality, Standardization, Testing and Metrology) activities are essential to improve productivity and social as well as economic development .The National measurement system provides a coherent formal system which ensures that measurement can be made on consistent basis throughout the country. The quality council of India has been established in India to implement accreditation system in line with international practice to oversee and regulate conformity assessment process. In any measurement there is always a degree of uncertainty resulting from measurement error.

This paper focuses on Modbus control system using PLC and SCADA. Now a day's industry needs accurate automation system. Accuracy enhances by exact reading of data from sources which further uses to control the whole system. The controlling operation of multi electrical drive is a complex phenomenon and also a necessary one whenever industries are worried. This project instrument the Mod-bus communication protocol in the drive which is helpful in controlling the particular drive from a group of several drive with the help of programmable logic controlling (PLC) and supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA). The aim of this project is to produce wireless model which will give us the power to control and checking the all system. Keywords: Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), RS-232 Port, RS-485 Port, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition System (SCADA), Modem, Drive, Rj45 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In proposed system we are developing the Android App for healthcare system which will help to automate all the manual work. The purpose of this system is, using android app Doctor can register the patient and if patient is already registered then Doctor can see the patient's medical history. All the information will be served to device from cloud and will be saved on cloud. After processing on data, this data is stored in data warehouse. This will be helpful for medical analysis.

While choosing new tiles for your home, it's great and useful to be able to visualize what the tiles will actually look like in a room. " Virtual Room Visualizer " is an advanced and an innovative online design tool. This distinctive home decoration tool helps you visualize the products (tiles) in real home settings and aids to reduce the customer decision and purchase time. Image processing is used in this online tool to process the input image by detecting the objects, classifying it, and distinguish it from the background. The problem in the existing system is a user cannot visualize the tiles design in their own room Another challenge faced in the existing system is accuracy in detecting the objects, occlusion etc.., In Image processing domain multi component object detection is an efficient method to detect n numbers of objects in an image which makes it convenient for the customers who use this tool which is a drawback in the existing tool.

Traffic accidents are one of the leading causes of fatalities in the all places. An important indicator of survival rates after an accident is the time between the accident and when emergency medical personnel are dispatched to the scene. One approach to eliminating the delay between accident occurrence and first responder dispatch is to use in-vehicle automatic accident detection and notification systems, which sense when traffic accidents occur and immediately notify emergency personnel. This project aims at finding the occurrence of any accident and reporting the location of accident to the nearest ambulance, so that immediate help can be provided by ambulance. And the ambulance reach the traffic signal the ambulance driver controls the signal. Intimating the traffic control section regarding the direction of ambulance GSM technology is used to intimate the vehicle position in the form of latitude and longitude coordinates through internet. The location spot is retrieved using Global Positioning System which is a navigational system using a network of satellites orbiting the earth. Sensors such as vibration and airbag detect signal in case of an accident occurrence and send a signal to the connected microcontroller. This paper describes the accident detection and intimating the incident to ambulance services spontaneously and these in vehicle systems, however, are not available in all cars and are expensive to retrofit for older vehicles. This project provides the result by Smartphone accident detection system to prevent false positives.

Image de blurring is an inverse problem whose aim to recover an image from a version of that image which has suffered a linear degradation and noise. A method for blind image de blurring is presented. The method only makes weak assumptions about the blurring filter and is able to undo wide variety of de blurring degradations .But effective ness of this approach under presence of noise is still confused. To overcome this an approach is investigated where, in presence of asymmetric noise, a preprocessing of image, i.e. denoising the image. To denoising the image we used two techniques, bilateral filtering and singular value decomposition de noising. We comparing the performance using these two methods to restore the image. To overcome the ill-posedness of the blind image de blurring problem, the method includes a learning technique which initially focuses on the main edges of the image and gradually takes details into account. A new image prior, which includes a new edge detector, is used. The method is able to handle unconstrained blurs, but also allows the use of constraints or of prior information on the blurring filter, as well as the use of filters defined in a parametric manner. Furthermore, it works in both single-frame and multiform scenarios. The use of constrained blur models appropriate to the problem at hand, and/or of multiform scenarios, generally improves the de blurring results. Tests performed on monochrome and colour images.

For the cultivation of agricultural crops during the span of inadequate rainfall, irrigation process can be used. An automatic irrigation system does the work quite efficiently and with a positive impact on the place where it is installed. It doesn't require any human intervention to perform operations if it is installed and also the water distribution to the crops and nurseries becomes easier. Internet of Things (IOT) extends internet connectivity. It connects the external environment that utilizes embedded technology and the various traditional devices via internet. The proposed model uses Internet of Things to communicate with the external environment. The working model helps in development of an automated system that could be efficiently used in agriculture. The primary goal of this model is to maintain the growth of the plant. To avoid over-watering, detection of soil condition, moisture level prediction is very essential. The sensors help to detect the moisture and water level and thereby direct the pump to pour the required amount of water to crops. The proposed model works well both in landscapes and slope areas and it also helps to control the uneven moisture with the help of soil moisture sensor. Water is fed to the crops and sequence of operations is intimated to the user.

Email is considered as one of the most pervasive form of communication. However, all these technologies can be of no use to the people who are visually impaired as all activities that can be performed on the computer are based on visual perception. With the advent of technologies in mobile phones, many technological solutions have been implemented for visually impaired so that they can utilize them, and get benefited by them. Considering it as a key idea application will be built that will help blind people to send and read emails as ordinary people do. Speech has not been used much in the field of electronics and computers due to the complexity and variety of speech signals and sounds. However, with modern processes, algorithms, and methods, the processing of speech signals easily and recognize the text. The application will not let the user to make the use of keyboard instead will work on text to speech and vice versa to facilitate sending, reading, forwarding and replying to emails using an android smart phone. The app will be developed this on android platform. Our speech-to-text module directly acquires and converts speech to text. Speech recognition is done via the Internet, connecting to Googles server.

The higher power density of modern electronic equipment posed a challenge of ever increasing heat removal requirement. Cooling of these equipment is essential in order to ensure their proper functioning. Microchannel heat sinks are considered to be one of the best solutions for this problem. Microchannel heat sink are investigated experimentally in terms of different thermal performance parameters like heat transfer coefficient and Nusselts number. Microchannel with four different dimple shapes viz circular, square, almond and elliptical, on their base are considered for their analysis. Experimental results show that dimpled microchannels perform better than microchannel without dimples. The elliptical dimples perform better than other dimple shapes.

The android app on generic medicine provides the basic information and knowledge about generic medicines, names of equivalent medicines on same kind of diseases. And also provides a way to buy the medicines online (online buying). A user can give feedback regarding the application and it also indicates generic stores.

India is second most population country, which is facing major problem in waste management, in our cities dustbins placed at public places are overflowing. Which creates unhygienic condition for people as well as ugliness to that place leaving bad smell. As of now there are traditional waste management system like periodic and routine clearing by civic bodies. To avoid these situation, we implemented a IOT based dustbin monitoring system. These bins are interfaced with Ultra-Sonic sensor and Load cell, GPS receiver for location of the bin with Raspberry Pi-3 as main control processing unit showing current status of garbage on web browser and android application with help of PHP page by Wi-Fi and internet service. An automatic garbage level detecting system informing the concerned authorities. The idea of smart bin for smart buildings, colleges, hospitals, and public parks and its improvements of normal dustbin with sensor and transducer.

Cooling water or processed water is the need of any industry. It requires cooling water. Cooling water is one of the major constituent industry's annual electricity bills. This situation raise the need for research in techniques employed for functioning of cooling tower. The project entitled as Evaporative cooling tower with nylon as filling material. This paper presents how the energy consumption of evaporative cooling tower can be reduced without affecting the performance of cooling tower. This type of cooling tower utilizes the principle of direct evaporative cooling. The position of inlet hot water nozzle results in increase heat transfer rate due to more time circulation of water. For increasing the travelling length of circulation of water, used the different types of patterns of nylon net such as zigzag pattern, full length zigzag pattern, and vertical parallel pattern. This type of direct spray type evaporative cooling tower has an advantage of reduced maintenance because of elimination of matrix required for induced draft type cooling tower.

This paper investigates water quality monitoring and control system using Internet of Things and Industrial Automation. Using this system, remote monitoring and controlling is achieved. Power requirement is also reduced greatly as embedded based web servers are used instead of using PC based servers. Input of this system consists of water quality measurement sensors such as temperature, pH and turbidity sensors, interfaced with raspberry pi. This sensed data is passed to cloud/Node red server, where stored data can be monitored remotely. If any of the data is found above some threshold value, then appropriate controlling action is taken on the device, which is connected at the output of PLC, from any remote location. This is achieved by using Node red webpage. Sensed data is stored, analyzed and accordingly controlling action is taken on the device. Device used here for controlling action is DC motor connected to motor pump.

This paper is described to measure energy consumption in the house. This can help in reducing energy consumption in house as the owner is continuously being notified about the number of units that are consumed. Consumers are not satisfied with the services of power companies. Thus we are trying to present an idea towards the minimization of technical errors and to reduce human dependency at the same time. Theft of electricity increases the costs paid by customers and can have serious safety consequences. A proposed method provides the communication between the Electricity Board section and the consumer section using Internet of things (IOT) for transmitting the customer's electricity consumption and bill information that is calculated using ATmega328 microcontroller. The power and billing information is continuously transmitted by the use of Internet of Things and monitored by the Electricity Board section. WIFI performs the IOT operation where and through which the information is sent to the Web server. This data is then transmitted to the server unit at MSEB. The power consumption can be checked by the owner anywhere globally also. The snap of energy meter is sent on email. Also power theft can be detected if any tampering happens it will send the information to the server and alert SMS to the owner as well as it will cut the electricity automatically. The internet is connected to meter and it counts the pulses from it and displays it over the LCD display. The meter reading can be obtained at zero cost. This system not only reduces the labour cost but also increase meter reading accuracy and save hugs amount of time. In this way we can reduce human efforts needed to record the meter readings which are till now recorded by visiting every home individually.

In the present review the analysis on the helical coil heat exchangers is done by ansys fluent. Its main aim is to study the effect of providing baffles on the helical coil heat exchangers. For study, a three dimensional helical double tube heat exchanger is considered; baffles are provided in annular space between these two tubes. The geometry is modelled using ansys design modular. The analysis is done on counter flow configuration with different thickness of baffles and different curvature ratio (D/d). Also we considered laminar and turbulent case for study. The variation of Nusslet number with different Reynold number and with different baffle thickness is plotted. It is found by study that on increasing the baffle thickness up to a certain limit Nusselt number increases, also it is found that on increasing curvature ratio Nusselt number decreases.

Data from more than 40 recent studies on the high strength physical and mechanical properties of High strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) have been analyzed and which materials and admixtures is suitable for my project should be thoroughly studied and selected. The results obtained in much of the data is a consequence of the wide range of materials and mixes used for HSSCC, but clear relationships have been compressive strength, tensile and compressive strengths, and elastic moduli sand compressive strength. In limestone quarries, considerable amounts of limestone powders are being produced as byproducts of stone crushers. It is also clear that limestone powder, a common addition to SCC mixes, makes a substantial contribution to strength gain. It is also used in controlling the segregation potential and deformability of fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC). This paper deals with the utilization of alternative materials, such as quarry dust, for HSSCC applications. If the properties of high strength self-compacting concrete (HSSCC) incorporating SiO2 micro and nanoparticles have been studied. It was concluded that foundry silica-dust material could be used in producing economical HSSCC. The analysis has shown that sufficient data have been obtained to give confidence in the general behavior of HSSCC, and future studies need only be focused on specific or confirmatory materials and data for particular applications.

In this paper, a biocomposite is developed by using biodegradable and lignocellulosic fibre such as Jute and watermelon as reinforcement materials. Epoxy is one of the most commonly used materials and here we use commercially available epoxy resin LAPOX L12 along with hardener LAPOX K6 as matrix material for the fabrication of different plates. Synthesis of the watermelon fibres was carried out using a high energy ball mill. Both jute mat and watermelon filler are treated with 5% Sodium Hydroxide solution for an hour at ambient temperature. For the processing of matrix, we used a ratio of 10:1 for resin and hardener respectively. The matrix is reinforced with watermelon filler reinforcing by using a mechanical stirrer at 750 rpm for 30 minutes at room temperature. The biocomposite is processed using different weight percentages of jute mat fibres and watermelon filled epoxy polymer matrix by hand lay-up technique followed by compression moulding. The thermal behaviour of surface treated watermelon filled epoxy composites were compared using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA).

Increased frequency and intensity of earthquake fetching a need of more earthquake resistance in building. Shear wall is the best way to control deflection during earthquake. But the providing shear wall is sometimes not feasible and hence avoided. Lift core, which are the mandatory to be used in multi-storey building and are frequently used as core type shear wall can be best option. In general, lift cores are provided with convenience of users. In this paper, various positions of lift core are modelled and were analysed under dynamic earthquake loading in IV earthquake zone of India. The results were compared with bare frame.

Greatest Demand Control is an installed based venture which can be actualized in industries where three phase of parameters must be observed and controlled. At show industries are utilizing an individual controller for controlling these individual parameters. The point of this venture is to utilize a single controller for controlling in excess of one parameter in a completely programmed mode. This task is helpful for control administration in industries, universities and enormous buyers. In our state, there is a lack of electrical imperativeness. Because of this, the Electricity Board gives just restricted measure of vitality to the industries, instructive establishments and other enormous customers. On the off chance that they surpass the restricted sum, they need to pay punishment. The principle goal of our undertaking is to keep up the present estimation of each phase. At the point when the esteem is surpassed, the phase will consequently share the heap where the request is required. Here the bell is utilized to give the caution of over-burden or most extreme request to client and after that the parameters will be observed by utilizing Inter-Integrated voice processor Protocol.

The goal of this undertaking is transformer monitoring framework utilizing GSM and auto cut off and load changer. This venture is extremely used to power board. This tasks presents outline and usage of a mobile embedded framework to monitor and record key activity indicators of a distribution transformer like load streams, voltage. The proposed on-line monitoring framework coordinates a global service mobile (GSM) Modem, with remain solitary single chip microcontroller and sensor bundles. It is introduced at the distribution transformer site and the previously mentioned parameters are recorded utilizing the worked in S-channel analog to digital converter (ADC) of the embedded framework. The obtained parameters are handled and recorded in the framework memory. In the event that there is any variation from the norm or a crisis circumstance the framework sends SMS (short message service) messages to assigned mobile phones containing data about the anomaly as indicated by some predefined guidelines and strategies that are stored on the embedded framework EEPROM. Additionally, it sends SMS to a focal database by means of the GSM modem for additionally handling. This mobile framework will push the utilities to ideally use transformers and recognize issues before any cataclysmic disappointment.

Most of the rural region does not have the include right of passage to three phase electric power on a discerning expense. It intended
for this improvement is toward develop a single phase to three phase converter with the expectation of single phase electric capacity
to three phase control. Phase remodel hardware arrangements three phase control beginning a single phase establishment to control
inductive, resistive and capacitive stacks through isolated remuneration in overabundance of whichever alive converter gear. The
expectation of embryonic this wander is to figure three phase control realistic cost-viably. There involve not been each major
logical progressions animal finished in cultivating locale while contrast in transit with previous area. The three-Phase supply
structure is at display available all inclusive, aside from potentially in different rustic regions where scarcely a single or two phase
supply is realistic.

Self Compacting Concrete is a recently developed concept in which the ingredients of the concrete mix are proportioned in such a way that it can flow under its own weight to completely fill the formwork and passes through the congested reinforcement without segregation and self consolidate without any mechanical vibration. Efforts for improving the performance of concrete over the past few years suggest that cement replacement materials such as Mineral admixtures can improve the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. Alccofine is pozzolanic material and the ultrafine particles of alccofine provide better workability, strength as well as economical one. In this study was carried out to study the effect of Alccofine on steel fiber reinforced self compacting concrete. SCC mixes incorporating different percentages (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%) of alccofine by weight of cement along with 1% of steel fiber. Super plasticizer Conplast SP430 was used to maintain workability with constant Water-cement ratio. Strength properties was determined such as compressive, split tensile, Impact Resistance and also the durability properties was determined such as water absorption, acid resistance, sulphate attack, sorptivity and microstructure analysis. This is done to determine the efficiency and optimum percentage of replacement at which maximum strength is achieved.

In this section, center is for the most part towards the investigation of reinforced concrete deep beams whose a/d proportion is under 1.0 with or without web support. Before continuing to think about the deep beams, the foundation of shear conduct is also checked on at first. The part of shear conduct in steel reinforced concrete deep beam members is talked about in this section. The as of late presented hypothetical concepts clarifying the shear conduct has also been considered for this audit. Rundown Considerable advance has been made in the previous century in the outline of RC members subjected to shear. Some of the essential contributions to contemplate the shear conduct, for example, Kani's model, altered compression field hypothesis, variable truss point display, pivoting edge softened truss display have been examined. Notwithstanding a tremendous number of works done on shear conduct of beams, there is still no bound together solution to foresee the shear quality of a beam independent of whether it is slim, short or deep beam. In any case, inquire about chip away at shear conduct of thin beams is as of now did to discover a brought together expression for shear quality that could be acknowledged and adjusted commonly. Keywords: Literature review, RC Deep Beam, a/d ratio, shear ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Greenhouse development has advanced from basic secured lines of open-fields harvests to exceptionally refined controlled environment agriculture (CEA) facility that anticipated the picture of plant industrial facilities for urban agriculture. The advances and upgrades in CEA have advanced the logical answers for the effective creation of plants in populated urban communities and multi-story structures. Effective sending of CEA for urban agriculture requires numerous segments and subsystems, and also the comprehension of the outer impacting factors that ought to be deliberately considered and incorporated. This survey is an endeavor to feature probably the most ongoing advances in greenhouse innovation and CEA with a specific end goal to raise the mindfulness for innovation exchange and adjustment, which is vital for a fruitful progress to urban agriculture. This examination audited a few parts of innovative CEA framework incorporating changes in the edge and covering materials, environment observation and information sharing, and progressed microclimate control and vitality improvement models. This exploration featured urban agriculture and its subsidiaries, including vertical cultivating, housetop greenhouses and plant industrial facilities which are the augmentations of CEA and have developed as a reaction to the developing populace, environmental debasement, and urbanization that are debilitating nourishment security. At long last, a few openings and difficulties have been distinguished in actualizing the coordinated CEA and vertical cultivating for urban agriculture.

The present environmental information systems consolidate the most recent sensor and screen technologies with information exchange; information base improvements, quality affirmation, measurable and numerical models and propelled computer stages for preparing, dissemination and showing information and model outcomes. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are an imperative apparatus, specific for the introduction of information. A critical piece of the coordinated air quality administration framework is the foundation of an observing system for air quality. Once the goal of the air observing project is very much characterized, a specific operational grouping must be taken after. The most ideal meaning of the air pollution issue, together with the investigation of the work force, spending plan and gear accessible, speak to the reason for the last outline. The determination of observing objectives, information quality destinations together with legitimate site choice, information quality affirmation and very much characterized information introduction and evaluation are critical components in this procedure.

Electronic waste or e-waste is one of the quickly developing Problems of the world. E-waste comprises of a multitude of components, some containing toxic substances that can have an adverse effect on human health and the environment if not handled properly. In India, e-waste management assumes greater significance not just due to the generation of its own e-waste yet in addition because of the dumping of e-waste from developed countries. This is coupled with India's absence of appropriate infrastructure and procedures for its disposal and recycling. This review article provides a concise overview of India's current e-waste scenario, namely magnitude of the problem environmental and health hazards, current disposal and recycling operations, existing legal framework associations taking a shot at this issue and recommendations for activity.

The primary target of the theory is to build up a novel fault location technique for single stage micro grids. An element particular to fault location is the most extreme swaying greatness of the transient voltage flag initiated by the fault detected by every sensor. The straight connection between the most extreme greatness of the transient flag saw by the sensor and the separation between the sensor and the fault location is found. In light of the direct relationship micro grid topology and sensor location data a calculation is produced in MATLAB for finding fault in the single stage micro grid. Transient voltage yields from EMTP reproductions investigated by means of MATLAB, location of fault is found. To examine the relevance of clever frameworks for the assurance of fault location, error back proliferation based ANN and SVM methods are utilized. The reenactment comes about uncover that the assurance of fault location through mistake back spread based ANN is unrivaled. Though a SVM system is reasonable for fault area distinguishing proof.

The Power Flow is most essential issue to guarantee an effective yet moderate framework. To keep up a low disappointment electrical breakdown or power outage times can be excessively subjective if another methodologies or arrangement and thought is never be made to enhance it. These days, a Two Way Power Flow has assumed a major part in this issue. Multi day, a retro and old system generation in illustration coal-let go generator that utilized by IPP (Independent Power Plant) or TNB isn't to be accessible any longer because of its trouble to locate a crude material. An elective ways has been turned out through the worldwide IEEE gatherings worldwide and a substitution and proposal of sustainable power source being a decent answer for defeat this issue. With this two way power stream or known as bidirectional power stream, a progressed and complex framework will be presented. Principle thought to centre is completely based around the electrical types of gear and power links. Transformers would having an issue to receive this situation since it just competent to complete 1 way power stream either advance up to venture down or advance down to advance up voltage. The goal of the undertaking is to perform reproduction by means of PSSE and examination the information through MATLAB for Two Way Power Flow In Advance Distributions and Micro-Grid. This venture point is to apply idea of Two Way Power Flow in a genuine case with an extra of Micro-Grid in the framework. In this postulation, there will be further clarification about Advance Distribution, Micro-Grid, Renewable Energy, Distributed Generator (DG), Electrical gadgets and Voltage solidness.

Electrical energy is exceptionally basic forever day life and a spine for the business. Electricity is indiscipline to our everyday existence with expanding need of electricity the power theft is likewise expanding. Power theft is an issue that keeps on plagueing power part over the entire nation the goal of this undertaking is to plan a framework to maintain a strategic distance from the disappointment for the clients from theft charge regardless of the utilization of the electricity because of theft utilizing GSM module. Keeping in mind the end goal to coordinate the different parts together we should first legitimately comprehend the working of the diverse parts to be incorporated together. A concise report is distant from everyone else on the parts and the innovation which we will use in our task.

In present day construction system Deep Beam is more constructed in spans, dams, collapsed Plate Roof Structures, stopping storm cellar chunk. Deep beam is characterized as the member loaded on one face and supported on opposite face so that compression struts can create between the heaps and support. In this investigation we can consider a model of cantilever rectangular deep beam. We can dissect this model with fem program by Dr P N Godbole and ANSYS 2D with Plane 82. Ansys is more precise software program when contrasted with staad genius, Etabs. Also we can Analyze Cantilever Rectangular deep beam with 4nodes Element by Ansys 2d with plane 182 and fem program. We can break down Ansys 2d with plane 183 of 8 nodes component and fem program. Deep beam is discovered when L/D is not as much as equivalent to 2 is called as deep beam. Continuous beam are considered as deep when the proportion L/D is under 2.5. The successful traverse is characterized as the inside to focus remove between the backings or 1.15 times the unmistakable traverse whichever is less.For displacement in regular and fine work, plane 182 and plane 183 and Eulers Bernoullis Theory (EBT) comes about are shut to diagnostic solution, for utilize, so for this situation FEM is smarter to use. By an indistinguishable reason from FEM is proposed for Normal and Shear stress. FEM is prescribed and better for use to solve the problems. Deflection esteem given by EBT are considerably less than the esteem given by Fem program and Ansys program if there should be an occurrence of rectangular deep beam. From the outcomes given by fem program, Ansys it is discovered that the flexural stress distribution in deep beam isn't straight as in the event of slim beam, But EBT gives the flexural stress distribution as direct for deep beam. EBT gives the greatest shear stress at the middle line of the beam, however in deep beam the most extreme shear stress it is beneath the inside line of the beam. It is watched that the nonpartisan pivot moves downwards.

This paper presents a study on PI and Fuzzy PI Controllers. A controller producing proportional plus integral control action is referred as PI controller. It has only one input and one output. The output value depends upon the input value i.e. if the input is increased, out will also increase. When the PI controller are generalized these are called as Fuzzy PI controllers. The Fuzzy PI controllers use an error signal and its derivative as input signals. Unlike conventional PI controllers, Fuzzy PI controllers have two inputs and one output. The multiple inputs allow for greater control diversity for a fuzzy-PI controller over a conventional PI controller.

In today's world rapid advances in wireless communication systems had and will continue to have a significant impact on the healthcare industry. One of the most important application is to monitor patient's health status anywhere and anytime without restricting the movement of patient. This project is basically construction of a simple system that will be capable of transferring the data of a patient's body parameters to a remote device wirelessly. The necessity of this project is to overcome the difficulty that is encountered by medical experts or medical professionals in simultaneously monitoring multiple patients. This project will help medical experts or medical professionals to observe patients without having to be physically present at their bedside, either at the hospital or at their home. A patient's body temperature and pulse rate are transferred wirelessly through the nRF transceiver module. Keywords: nRF24L01 transceiver, body temperature, beats per minute (bpm), wireless sensor network (WSN), ATMEGA328R-PU ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Sheet pile wall system is considered one of the oldest common earth retention systems used in civil engineering projects. The common methods used in the design of sheet pile walls were based on the limit equilibrium approach using active and passive earth pressures. These methods-based on force and moment equilibrium-don't consider wall deformations, which are very important for achieving serviceability. An extensive parametric study through the finite element program, PLAXIS version 8.6 was carried out to investigate the behavior of inclined anchored sheet pile walls, studying the effect of varying the inclination of tie, and effect of elevation of tie for different sand soil types, wall height, effect of ground water table to show the effect on horizontal wall displacements, maximum wall bending moments, and anchor force for all cases. The minimum values of the wall penetration depth, unbonded length and bonded length were set to satisfy the requirements of the instructions of (FHWA). Analyses were performed using the finite element method. The analysis results show that the increase in the inclination of tie (ϴ) up to 20° decreases the maximum bending moments and maximum horizontal displacements of wall, but slightly increases the anchor force. After that, by increasing the inclination of tie (ϴ) the maximum bending moments, the horizontal displacements of wall and the anchor force increase. Generally, its recommended that the angle of inclination of tie doesn't exceed 20 degrees and for best angle of inclination 20 degrees is recommended. From observations of studying variation of tie elevation, it was concluded that increasing the elevation of tie (d/H) from the top of wall generally enhances the performance of the structure Maximum Wall Bending Moment and Maximum Horizontal Displacement decrease but increases the anchor force. And also, it was concluded that the best elevation of tie for bending moments is between 0.2 H-0.3H from the top of the wall.

Aim of the study is to support the development & improved practice on calculating of methane emissions from solid waste disposal. At the bio-methanation plant and waste disposing sites (SWDS) the degradable organic carbon in waste is decomposed by bacteria under anaerobic conditions into methane and other compounds. The SW disposal in many growing countries, especially poor and some concern is expressed also on the suitability of some of the default parameters in their conditions. Improvements in activity data collection and emission factors are needed in many countries. By studying and observing different site we concluded that institutional waste is not used for bio-methanation process. Only degradable Waste of houses and hotel is used for methanation that is 5 tonnes of degradable waste produce 20 m3 of methane. To increase the methanation and to alter the rate of reaction in the capsule we use grains, cattle dung and ruminant under fix and constant temperature similarly landfills gas (LFG) is produced in landfills due to the anaerobic digestion by microbes on any organic matter. Major constituents of LFG are: Methane (

Since 2000, new technologies such as geographical information system (GIS) and related optimization software have been used to optimize the haul route distances. The city limits of Pune is 250.56km2 in 2011, leading to sub-optimum levels in solid waste transportation of 1600 tonnes per day. After developing a spatial database for the whole of Pune city with 15 wards, the route optimization procedures have been run for the transport of solid wastes forward no. 14 (generating nodes) to one transfer station (intermediary before landfill), using ArcGIS. The optimization process reduced the distances travelled by 9.93%. Savings in terms of time taken for both the current and shortest paths have also been computed, considering traffic conditions.

A (G + 15) commercial building has been considered in the present study. Dead Load, Live Load and Seismic Load are considered in the analysis and design of the building. IS: 875 (Part I and II) and IS: 1893 are used for the calculation of loadings. The analysis and design of the commercial building has been carried out by STAAD Pro V8i. Limit State Method is used here. To analyze and design the (G + 15) commercial building, 32 metre long and 24 metre wide shown in figure 1. Height of each storey is 3 metre. M40 grade of concrete and Fe415 grade of steel are used. The building is situated in Zone III. II. CALCULATION OF LOADING Calculation of Dead Load (DL) IS: 875 (Part I) has been considered to calculate Dead Load (DL). Considering the deflection criteria, the overall depth of floor slab as well as roof slab is taken as 115 mm. Calculation of DL on Floor Slab: Self-weight of slab = 0.115 × 25 = 2.875 kN/m 2 Weight of floor finish = 1.2 kN/m 2 Total Dead Load on floor slab = 4.075 kN/m 2 Calculation of DL on Roof Slab: Self-weight of slab = 0.115 × 25 = 2.875 kN/m 2 Weight of brick bat coba = 20 × 0.100 = 2 kN/m 2 Weight of ceiling plaster = 0.3 kN/m 2 Total Dead Load on roof slab = 5.175 kN/m 2 Weight of Wall: Considering 35 mm thick plaster, weight of 230 mm thick main wall = 20 × (0.23 + 0.035) (3 – 0.8) = 11.66 kN/m

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is a new concept for improving the capability of the supply chain through sustainability. Manufactures are more concerned in profit making rather than to save environment. However it is important to balance between profitability and saving the environment. The paper is aimed at studying the various activities of the supply chain processes in selected small and medium scale industries of North Karnataka and it makes an effort to find how much eco-friendly they are in their logistics as well as supply chain activities. This study addresses the major activities of the green supply chain; namely green procurement, green manufacturing, green warehousing, green distribution, green packaging, and green transportation. Through the literature review the various environment factors affecting manufacturing sector were identified and discussed. A questionnaire is designed with factors affecting the sustainable supply chain and was used for the survey. The data analysis is carried out to find the sustainability performance of various manufacturing activities towards green future. The result analysis indicates that green initiatives have started but needs acceleration to higher level.

This paper describes the producing electricity from renewable resources and this new generation of systems employs flying tethered wings or aircraft in order to reach winds blowing at atmosphere layers that are in accessible by traditional or conventional wind turbines. A new class of wind energy converters has been conceived under the name of Airborne Wind Energy Systems (AWESs). There is an emergency to seek for alternative means for producing energy now for a better future. Indeed, here comes the situation wherein solar and wind. By considering all the problems and uncertainties with fossil fuels and nuclear fission such as environmental pollution, global warming that induces unhealthy state of the living organisms can be avoided.

In suggested protection technique, an advanced Active Crowbar Protection system is proposed for Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) coupled Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). An active Crowbar Protection system with relay components is designed for DFIG based Wind Turbine for analysis of Low Voltage Ride through (LVRT) at different fault conditions. DFIG controlled model is connected to utility based substation in standalone mode and assumed to be connected to large grid by taking substation as programmable voltage source. A large number of lumped load can be connected to the line. DFIG performance analysis with and without Crowbar protection is done for all kinds of faults and effectiveness of proposed fault protection technique have been demonstrated by the results. This work has motivated by the controlling of DFIG and behavior analysis at the time of fault.

The aim of this paper is to study about Fly ash Cement Bricks which are manufactured by composition of Fly ash, cement and sand with requisite quantity of water mixed in proper proportions. These bricks are comparatively lighter in weight and stronger than the ordinary clay bricks. The Fly ash is one of the major byproduct of thermal power plants, 1kg of coal on burning produces about 200 to 500gms of Fly ash. Thus, Fly ash is very easily available which can be used to manufacture Fly ash bricks as a substitute of ordinary clay bricks which could lead to reduce the environmental pollution and help in conserving natural resources.

Concrete is the most important material of the construction industry due to its durability and strength. As the present consumption of concrete in infrastructure and other construction industry is approximately 10 to 12 billion every year. The strength of concrete depends upon its constituent like the Cement, fine sand, coarse sand, fine aggregate & coarse aggregate. The cement is a calcareous material also known as binding material which reacts with water, gives strength and produces heat. Concrete gives their design strength when the proper curing is been done. Curing requires a large amount of water and the major portions of this water get evaporated due to heat hence more and more water is required for curing. If the curing is not done properly then it makes adverse effect on concrete. It is very challenging to do proper curing in water scare areas like desert areas, high rise building etc. This problem can be eliminated by the self-curing in place of conventional curing. Self-curing is done by the some admixtures like super Absorbent polymer and shrinkage reducing admixture. This research work is covers the use of Super Absorbent polymer and shrinkage reducing admixture in concrete for better hydration cementations material and gaining strength of concrete.

This paper deals with the experimental study for M25 grade of concrete having mix proportion 1:1:2 with water cement ratio 0.44 to study the compressive strength of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) containing fibers of 0%, 0.45%, 0.95%, 1.45%, and 1.95% volume fraction of hook end steel fibers were used. Result data obtained has been studied, analyzed and compared with a control specimen (0% fiber). A relationship between compressive strength vs days represented with the help of tables and graphs. Result data clearly shows percentage increase in compressive strength for M25 grade of concrete in 24 hours, 7 days, 14 days, 28 days with respect to the variation in % addition of steel fibers. This research is based on the use of steel fibers in structural concrete to enhance the mechanical properties of concrete. The purpose of the study is to determine and compare the differences in properties of concrete without containing fibers and concrete with fibers.

Data sets of different related to the agriculture is vastly available. The main motto of our system will be to create a machine learning algorithm and the use the available datasets for the unsupervised machine learning process and thereby predict the future crop production, crops which would likely to give a greater profit margin, etc. The prediction can also help various State as well as Central Government for taking appropriate steps as described by the prediction. The methodology will be as follows: By taking various datasets from the government and by the help of clustering for the first step and in the next step linear regression for correctly predicting. The reason why we are using unsupervised learning for the first step is so that we won't lose any data. The whole system will be available as a website with a GUI that can accept data for the learning process. The output will also depend upon the present state of the environment. The Features for the Learning Process are:  Weather Data (Rainfall, Winds, Frequency of Droughts, so on.)

In this paper a careful study of already existing solar water systems was done; and a choice was made on the type of system to be designed with focus on simplicity, installation, and maintenance cost as well as durability. Use of locally available materials was made a matter of priority. A flat-plate collector was used as the absorber. It was integrated with underneath grids or coils of fluid carrying tubes and placed in an insulated casing with a glass or transparent cover. A cold water tank placed and hot water tank placed opposite to each other incorporated with a thermometer and a carriage are integrated in the system. All components were designed and constructed in line with the design values obtained.

This paper presents a full adder using modified XNOR block to help consume less power and attain high speed. The simulation was completed utilizing standard Tanner EDA device with 180/90-nm technology. The design has been the proposed full adder offered 21.57% change regarding the past plan as far as Power Consumption (90-nm technology at 1.2 V). Relating Power change was 39.95% when a similar outline was actualized in 180-nm technology at 1.8-V power supply.

According to the latest data from the GSMA, 206 commercial LTE networks in 79 countries have now been deployed compared to the 50 countries in December 2011. Though this technology is developing each year in terms of speed, it has yet to be widely adopted by consumers. In Europe, for instance, just 1.3 percent of wireless connections are 4G LTE. The preferred fourth generation technology today is LTE-Advanced and this is chosen over WMAX as it provides a path for development of the next generation of wireless technologies which is 5G.

This analytical study deals a novel model of axially flowing fluid induced transverse vibration on cantilever pipe to suppress vibration with semi active MR damper. The analysis is done using the skyhook controlling technique. Its analytical solution is simplified using Galerkin's approach and simulation is done using MATLAB. Naturel frequencies and mode shape function are taken from the different boundary configuration of the cantilever beam. The paper also describe about the suitable position of the MR actuator in the cantilever pipe in first mode. Study shows that while the actuator is applied on 0.75 length from the fixed end of cantilever pipe with the same actuation force, where, lateral excitation amplitude is minimum.

Accidents are inevitable, this poses a challenging task to automotive industries. In this automotive sector passenger safety is one of the principle considerations for designing of any vehicle. This is threatened by collisions especially by head on collisions. In order to relief from these collisions bumpers are designed, to increase the functionality of bumper a hydraulic system which includes telescopic shock absorbers are integrated to the bumpers. This model can be designed and fabricated to any kind of vehicles economically with insignificant in change in weight, such system will highly mitigate the effects of head on collisions on the passengers as well as the vehicle too. This paper concerns with impact absorption by such system, design of springs in shock absorbers and variations of working fluid in the system.

The Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is progression of observing the measures befalling in a network and investigating them for emblems of possible occurrences. Network security is off vital significance because present data communication is vulnerable to security threats. Machine learning is the emerging field in the various field of computer science. In this paper we will deliberate different methods meant for network intrusion detection, some of them are based on statistical modeling. Most of the researcher uses KDD99 dataset for experimental evaluation. Further in this paper numerous approach are compared based on the value of TPR (True Positive Rate) and FNR (False Negative Rate).

The bridges are an important transportation infrastructure. Transportation organizations are developing a keen interest in strengthening and maintaining the safety and resilience of bridge against earthquakes and other lateral loading. Earlier studies in the use of seismic isolation systems for bridges produced results that clearly state the benefits of seismic isolation in the horizontal direction. However, the vertical ground motions transmitted through the isolation system were observed to be unchanged or even magnified in a few cases. In response to this problem, this paper presents vertical deflection of the seismic isolation system for use in bridges.

Historical buildings are considered to be critical infrastructures. Different conservation organizations are developing a vested interest in strengthening and securing the resilience of historic buildings against earthquakes. Earlier studies in the use of seismic isolation systems for historic building and other publicly important buildings produced results that clearly show the benefits of seismic isolation in the horizontal direction. However, vertical ground motions transmitted through the isolation system remain significantly unchanged or even magnified, in some cases. In response to this problem, this paper presents vertical deflection of the seismic isolation system for use in a historic building.

Many studies about Hadfield steel (high Manganese austenitic steels) have been done and it was found that there are some unique characteristics of Hadfield steel which makes it more applicable. The present investigation is directed towards the effects of Aluminum addition on properties of Hadfield steel. Aluminum is added to Hadfield steel as an alloying element and different test specimens with different composition of aluminum have been examined by means of microstructure, grain size, spectroscopy, hardness, and tensile strength.

The Android is mobile platform. It is an open source and free operating system application, by Google it is developed and maintained. It was designed essentially for touch screen mobile devices, such as and tablet, computers, smart phones, watch television, cars etc. Android is one of the most widely used mobile OS. Android is a not only operating system but also key applications and middleware. Android is an open source operating system. It is developed by the open handset Alliance, led by Google, and other companies. Those are used to android studio 2.2.3 version and development the mobile application.

We present a novel method to reduce the mutual coupling of a Microstrip patch antenna array by using modified split ring resonator (MSRR) Metamaterial structure in this paper. The designed MSRR unit-cell consists of two nested rings, and each ring has two symmetrical splits. The original Microstrip patch antenna is operated at 2.4 GHz, and edge-to-edge distance between the original antenna elements is 31.5 mm which is about 0.25λ0. By placing MSRR Metamaterial structure to the right side radiating patch of the antenna array, the isolation of the antenna array is greatly enhanced. The simulation results show that the isolation is reduced more than 12 dB without affecting the operating frequency and radiation characteristics. The performance of the proposed MSRR loaded antenna array has been evaluated using numerical simulation in ANSYS HFSS and may be used for ISM band application.

An improved CMOS full adder circuit for high speed and low power applications is proposed in this paper at 90 nm technology node with supply voltage 1.2 V. The proposed designs contain implementation of sum and carry circuit separately. The adder circuit contains carry circuit with transmission gate logic, which is the power reduction logic in any digital circuitry. Transmission logic decrease transistor count of our proposed carry circuitry. The proposed design gives 53% reduction in power, 63 % reduction in delay, respectively. A 2-bit multiplier is made using the proposed adder circuit which results in very less power consuming and very fast in operation in compared to the other multiplier circuits.

Distance measurement of an object in the path of a person, equipment, or a vehicle, stationary or moving is used in a large number of applications such as robotic movement control, vehicle control, blind man's walking stick, medical applications, etc. Measurement using ultrasonic sensors is one of the cheapest among various options. In this paper distance measurement of an obstacle by using separate ultrasonic transmitter, receiver and a microcontroller is presented. The experimental setup and results are described and explained.

A Building Information Model (BIM) is " A digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility. BIM is a complex multiphase process that gathers input from team members to model the components and tools that will be used during the construction process to create a unique perspective of the building process. The 3D process is aimed at achieving savings through collaboration and visualization of building components into an early design process that will dictate changes and modifications to the actual construction process. Building Information Modeling has emerged as a construction method which saves time and cost when used properly. It is essential to figure out the nature of this method on local construction practices as this is the future of the construction practice. BIM is implemented on a local low rise residential building " AURUM ENCLAVE " and results are carried out. Scheduling work and cost estimation has been performed and ROI is taken out to find the actual profitability of the BIM in small scale low rise residential projects. Series of meetings were performed with respective stakeholders of the project to execute BIM. It was observed that BIM has numerous benefits but it is also important that every agency involved in the project is well aware with the BIM and willing to evolve with the technology along with keeping the steady growth of their respective work.

In applications of image analysis and computer vision, Gabor filters have maintained their popularity in feature extraction. The reason behind this is that the resemblance between Gabor filter and receptive field of simple cells in visual cortex. Being successful in applications like face detection, iris recognition, fingerprint matching; where, Gabor feature based processes are amongst the best performers. The Gabor features can be derived by applying signal processing techniques both in time and frequency domain. The methods have been proposed to extract low dimension features from Gabor filtered images by considering the sparseness of the filter bank responses. Approaches like unsupervised segmentation of textured images have provided good approximation of Fisher's multiple linear discriminants with added advantage that they don't require a-priori-knowledge. Local texture properties are extracted from local linear transforms that have been optimized for maximal texture discrimination. Local statistics are estimated at the output of an equivalent filter bank by means of a non-linear transform followed by an iterative Gaussian smoothing algorithm. This process generates multiresolution sequence of feature planes with a half octave scale progression. The models like human preattentive texture perception have been proposed which involves steps like convolution, inhibition and texture boundary detection. Texture features are based on the local power spectrum obtained by a bank of Gabor filters. The concept of sparseness to generate novel contextual multiresolution texture descriptors is described. Image quality assessment (IQA) aims to provide computational models to measure the image quality in a perceptually consistent manner. The tradeoff between power consumption and speed performance has become a major design consideration when devices approach the sub-100 nm regime. It is especially critical when dealing with large data set, whereby the system is degraded in terms of power and speed. If the application can accept some errors, i.e. the application is Error-tolerant (ET), a large reduction in power and an increased in speed can be simultaneously achieved. Here we will use some scientific parameter for image quality like signal to noise ratio, FSIM, RFSIM, GMSD, SSIM MATLAB codes required in calculating these parameters are developed. Here algorithm is devolving by using of Matlab.

Safety is today's main issue in transportation. The rate to accident increases year by year in the developing countries like India. An accident is unplanned & uncontrolled event, which occurs on road resulting in personal injury, loss of life or damage to property. In accident at least one moving vehicle is included. The main objective to this paper is to analyze the accident data along the stretch form chanasma (CH:00) to Panchot circle (CH:28.5). The accident Data were collected from different police station from 2011-2016. Total Number of accident occurred along the stretch from 2011-2016 are 372.

The term Internet of Things generally refers to scenarios where network connectivity and computing capability extends to objects, sensors and everyday items and enable these devices to generate, exchange and consume data with minimal human intervention using various networking and communication models. The data generated or processed from those smart objects will ultimately pass through gateways with connectivity to IP-based networks or will otherwise be incorporated into products that are accessible through Internet.

This paper investigates the effect of latex modified systems and combination of latex and polypropylene fibre on the performance of concrete. In this study, the polypropylene fibre volume fraction and the amount of added latex, are varied and compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, flexural strength, impact resistance, abrasion resistance, and water absorption are measured. Increasing the volume fraction of the fibre and amount of added latex increases the flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, impact resistance, and abrasion resistance. As an application of this work, paving blocks of size 200 × 100 × 60 mm were casted and tested.

The durability of cement based materials such as mortar and concrete typically suffers from water and chloride ingression, which corrodes the load-bearing steel reinforcement. Most existing strategies to increase the water resistance of cementitious materials are based on additional surface treatments of the material after the casting process. A complementary strategy could be a bulk modification of cementitious materials by altering their mineralized nanostructures, such as ettringites. Controlling mineralization processes through bio-inspired approaches or integrating nanomaterials as hydrophobic components into the bulk volume of the material improves the durability. In this paper, the bacterial content in concrete is varied for concentrations of 105, 106, 107 cells/ml of water added to the concrete mix and strength and durability tests were performed. Highest strength and durability performance was obtained for bacterial concentration of 107 cells/ml. Also, cement was partially replaced with nanosilica of percentage varying as 1%, 2% & 3% of cement by weight. Strength and durability performance has improved for nanosilica incorporated concrete when compared to normal concrete. The various durability tests performed were water absorption test, chloride attack, sulphate attack, and sorptivity test.

The analysis of building structure in contact with soil involves an interactive process of stresses and strains developed within the structure and the soil field. The response of Piled-Raft Foundation system to the structure is very challenging because there is an important interplay between the component of building structure and the soil field. Herein, soil-structure interaction of buildings founded on Piled-Raft Foundation is evaluated through Finite Element Analyses using ANSYS v17.0. The building settlement and equivalent stress is computed. The study has been conducted by modeling building with soil and without soil. It is concluded that the interaction of building foundation-soil field and superstructure has remarkable effect on the structure.

R-Peak detection in ECG signals have been a crucial topic in biomedical. The current R-peak detectors cope up with the unstable QRS morphology and noise during detection. Also, the detection rate is of equal importance. To overcome all these issues a new technique has been proposed in this paper for the R-peak detection at a very good detection rate. The proposed detector was tested on MIT-BITH database to prove its worth. The experimental analysis over MATLAB shows the superiority of the proposed detector over the current detectors.

In the present situation of metropolitan urban areas tall structures are assuming an imperative part as there is lack of area. Step by step trek in the area rates are confronting interest for the tall structures. So as to complete activities of tall structures part of basic investigation should be finished. As the tallness of the structure builds, the lateral strengths like quake and wind powers overwhelm. The primary point of the present Paper is to excuse the position for the shear wall for a G+9 Residential building by considering the heap case such quake, twist by Response spectrum method for different type of buildings, for example, Symmetric building, Plan irregular building and with RC surrounded structures by finding the shear walls at distinctive positions, for example, Shear wall at the internal center of the model, Shear wall at the fringe side edges and Shear wall at the corner edges for all the structures by considering the parameters like Maximum Story Displacements and Maximum story Drifts investigating both by the static and element examination systems by the procurement of programming bundle ETABS-2013.

This Experimental study mainly focus on the Optimization of the cutting parameters on MRR of EN 41 alloy steel with carbide tool. The input parameters like cutting speed, Depth of Cut (DOC), feed rate and coolant flow rate are influencing in Material Removal Rate (MRR) using Taguchi method. The contribution and significant parameter are determined by using the Taguchi Design of Experiments (DOE) method. A number of turning experiments were conducted using the L9 orthogonal array on a CNC machine. In this paper analysis is based on Taguchi method of optimization and experimental design and further analysis is carried out with the help of statistical software MINITAB-17.

The use of LWC (Lightweight concrete) has been a feature in the construction industry for centuries, but like other material the expectations of the performance have raised and now we are expecting a consistent, reliable material and predictable characteristics. The use of aluminum powder to make aerated concrete seems to be a viable option. This study deals with replacement of cement with fly ash and finding out an optimum ratio. This composition is then mixed with adequate aluminum powder to obtain an aerated concrete. Further fines are replaced by Quarry dust to obtain a target strength of about 10 MPa.

The present work is concentrated with the turning of AISI 6061 Aluminium. This paper presents the influence of cutting parameters like cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on the surface roughness of AISI6061 aluminium during dry turning. A plan of experiments based on Taguchi's technique has been used to acquire the data. An orthogonal array and the analysis of variance (ANOVA) are employed to investigate the cutting characteristics of AISI 6061 Aluminium bars using carbide and TiAlN coated carbide cutting tool. Finally the confirmation tests that have been carried out to compare the predicted values with the experimental values confirm its effectiveness in the analysis of surface roughness.

One of the most dangerous natural hazard is earthquake. The damages caused by earthquakes are uncountable. The occurrence of earthquake causes loss of lives and damages to manmade structures. One of the most widely accepted solution for reducing the damages caused by earthquake on Civil Engineering structures is Base isolation. Among the wide variety of base isolation systems, Lead rubber bearing plays an important role. The performance of lead rubber bearing during earthquake is evaluated by the finite element modelling and non-linear analysis in ANSYS workbench 17.0 in this study. The behaviour of lead rubber bearing is compared with that of laminated rubber bearing.

Visible Light Communication (VLC) is an emerging field in Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) which utilizes the superior modulation bandwidth of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) to transmit data. The VLC application generally adopts Manchester and miller codes to reach dc-balance, enhancing signal reliability. So the Manchester and Miller encoder is an important part of VLC emitter section. In this paper, we have presented the architecture of VLC and designed the combined Manchester and Miller encoder. The behavior of Manchester and Miller encoder is realized by derivation of VHDL code in Xilinx ISE 13.1 software. The paper also aims to make comparative study of two coding technics used for outdoor VLC. The synthesis result shows that integrated Manchester and Miller encoder indicates successful function.

The growing interest in power quality has led to variety of devices are designed for mitigating power disturbances such as harmonics caused due to different problems. By minimizing Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) the Harmonic Pollution will be reduced and Power Quality will be increased. Different types of load draw non-sinusoidal current from mains. This non-linear load appears to be the main source of harmonic distortion. Thus the main aim of shunt active filter that comprises of PI Controller, filter hysteresis current control loop and DC link capacitor is used to mitigate Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). Thus, in order to overcome these harmonic problems it is verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK package. Active filters are used to eliminate current harmonics near non – linear loads. Here the two methods are compared Instantaneous reactive power theory and sinusoidal theory. The results of both the methods are shown on the basis of the MATLAB/SIMULINK. Thus, following thesis gives the overview of the harmonic problems and its impact on power system and how shunt active filters mitigate these harmonics using MATLAB.

Nowadays due to advancement in network and computing technology it is easily possible for people to share their ideas with others using online external storage. For example as we all know these days online social networking sites are an important part of every day's life. People can easily share their data with others using online social network like Facebook, twitter etc. or if we take another example these day's peoples are also uploading their highly sensitive Personal Health Record (PHR) on online data server such as Microsoft Health Vault, Google Health for ease of sharing with their primary doctors or for cost saving. As peoples enjoy benefits of these new technologies at the same time they are having concern about the data that they are uploading on such online external server like Facebook, twitter, and Google health etc. Improper use of the data by such online external server or unauthorized access by outside user could be potential threat here. People would like to make their sensitive or private data which they are uploading on such online external server only accessible to authorized people with credentials they specified. To manage fine grained data access control here we have implemented Enhanced Attribute Based Encryption (EABE) method which enables data owners to define their own access policies over user attributes and enforce the policies in the data to be distributed. This method also removes Key Escrow Problem by using escrow free key issuing protocol which is constructed using secure two-party computation between the key generation center and the data-storing center. The performance and security analysis indicate that this method is efficient to securely manage the data distributed in the data sharing system.

This paper contains, performance of fuzzy controllers which evaluated and compared. It also describes the speed control based on Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) technique. The comparison is based on their ability of controlling the speed of DC motor, which merely focuses on performance of the controllers, and also time domain specifications such as rise time, settling time and peak overshoot. The controller is designed using MATLAB software, the results shows that the fuzzy controllers are the good but it as higher overshoot in comparison with optimal LQR. Thus, the comparative study recommends LQR controller gives better performance than the other controllers.

In this venture we significantly offering constant information security in distributed computing. Giving security to petabytes of information is imperative. A current study on cloud security States that the security of clients' information has the most astounding need and also concern. In this manner, to give secure cloud structure I have proposed a framework named secure distributed computing system (SCCF). To upgrade security, we proposed to include programmed interruption recognition and aversion strategy for Brute compel and SQL infusion assaults. At last the information proprietor records are encoded utilizing RC5 encryption calculation and put away out in the open distributed storage named cloudMe.

The national security mainly depends on army, navy and air-force. Among them vital role is played by soldiers. There are many concerns regarding the safety of these soldiers during the war. As soon as any soldier enters the enemy territories it is very difficult to get the information about him until they contacts the base station. During these situations, the soldiers are not even known whether dead or alive or even become a refuge to the enemy. Using the trends in the electronics supporting gadgets for the military peoples is designed in this project. Bio-sensory systems like small physiological sensors are used to monitor the health parameters of soldier when they left from the base station to the enemies' territory. The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) applications are used to for these purposes. Using GSM module and GPS tracking system provide wireless monitoring to the soldier's along the location, longitude and latitude information's are known easily.

The Biomedical devices are played an important in the field medical diagnosing to find the diseases sensitivity in order to giving appropriate treatment to the patients by the Medical Professionals. Nowadays more than thousands of medical devices are available for diagnostics and treatment. The selections of suitable medical devices constantly depend on location (national or regional necessity). The aim of this work is to design IR muscle and nerve pain reliever with aid of stimulator. The advancement in medical field is continuous process at the same time it is necessity to make the improvement in the medical devices also. In that accept we are introduce this device. In this device IR light source is key element. This device reduces and cures the muscle and nerve pain of human body. Presently for pain reliving, using the stimulator and IR lights separately in medical application. In this work we combine the stimulator and IR light source with remote control which is effectively used to reduce the pain. In this device we can also measure the current to passing through the body and the voltage applied to IR light. Study has proven that Infrared light brings wound healing and stimulation of muscle, nerve to reduce the pain on most of the parts of human body. From this study low-cost portable and high performance device can be designed and implemented. The performance test of the system has shown that the results are reliable. The overall system can be used IR light source and muscle, nerve stimulator under safe conditions.

The research entitled data transfer system for security applications is employed to transfer data from one device to a different device with at most security. The transmitted data are browse solely by the suitable receiver. This novel is split into two sections. One is that the transmitter section and therefore the another one is that the receiver section. In the transmitter section we tend to send the information from laptop or computer to controller through RS-232 communication. The controller encrypts the information and send to the RF transmitter. Block cipher algorithmic rule is a good cryptography technique that is employed to code the information. The RF transmitter transmits the encrypted data. Within the receiver section the RF receiver receives the encrypted data then this data is distributed to the controller. The controller decrypts the information and send the information to laptop or computer through RS-232 communication.

Hybrid masonry is a relatively new concept where the structural properties of masonry wall is taken into consideration, thus incorporating it for load transfer along with the frame. Together the frame and the masonry panel give rise to a system with high redundancy, ductility and stiffness. Hybrid masonry can be used instead of lateral bracing in a steel frame thereby reducing the cost and also it reduces the possibility of progressive collapse by providing an alternative load transfer path.

The surface water solid stuff disintegration system is a device that can be easily adapted to the boats very easily. It mainly consists of two conveyer system and a wide opening which is specially designed such that it will promote the easy entry of algae or waste into the conveyer when the boat is moving, which is fitted on the front side of the boat. The two conveyors are kept in such a way that the primary conveyor stays up the water surface and the other stays below the water and when the boat moves through the water, solid stuffs will be forced into the opening and is further forced in by the motion of the conveyer. Both the conveyors move in opposite direction such that it offers more easy movement of waste materials. The conveyor's movement allows the algae to fall into a collecting chamber. The conveyor will be powered by an engine or a powerful motor. The opening where the algae enters will be slightly narrowed in the inside region. Then the algae in the collection chamber is either disintegrated or crushed to smallest size possible. The crushed algae which is dumped offshore is further processed to get organic manure, bio diesel etc.

A bare steel structure will undergo large lateral displacement and sudden failures during an earthquake. Hence to control this buckling restrained bracing system in the structure is incorporated. In this study time history analysis was conducted on an 18 storied steel building under EL Centro earthquake in E-Tabs software. The storey response parameters used are storey displacement, base shear to find the best location, effective configuration, best core length. Based on the study a location, configuration, and best yield core length which is more economical is selected and its structural seismic performance was evaluated.

While transmitting information over untrusted networks the security of the transmitted information is very vital.For this purpose a new approach for reversible data hiding in encrypted image (RDH-EI) with sequential recovery is proposed here. The overall framework consist of a content owner, a data hider and a remote recipient. The content owner encrypts an appropriate cover image for the secret data hiding and data hider embed a confidential data within this using a embedding key where the recipient can access the information only when the encryption and embedding key is obtained. While majority of the existing approaches utilize only direct decryption of the message, we propose to do the recovery by a sequential method where the quality of the recovered image is improved. This proposed technique is a novel approach to hide confidential data within RGB images for increased embedding capacity and increased recovered image quality.

Image enhancement is a standout amongst the most vital and troublesome procedures in computerized image processing. Image enhancement is utilized for enhancing the quality of an image. Many pictures like restorative pictures, satellite pictures and genuine photos experience the ill effects of poor complexity and commotion. It is important to upgrade the complexity and evacuate the commotion to build picture quality. In any case, in some edge preserving separating method angle twisting and relics are watched. To determine these issues guided filter is utilized. Guided filter is non-iterative, quick, exact edge protecting separating. In this paper, a novel sort of express image filter-guided filter is proposed. From a nearby straight model, the guided channel creates the sifting yield by considering the substance of a direction picture, which can be simply the information picture or another diverse picture. The guided channel can execute as an edge-preserving smoothing administrator like the famous respective filter, yet has better conduct close to the edges. In addition, the guided channel has a quick and non-inexact direct time calculation, whose computational multifaceted nature is free of the separating bit measure. Hence, the guided channel is both successful and effective in an awesome assortment of PC vision and PC representation applications including noise diminishment, detail smoothing/improvement, HDR pressure, picture tangling/feathering, murkiness expulsion, and joint up sampling.

Over 300 million tones of industrial wastes are being produced per annum by chemical and agricultural process in India. These materials pose problems of disposal and health hazards. The wastes like phosphogypsum, fluorogypsum and red mud contain obnoxious impurities which adversely affect the strength and other properties of building materials based on them. Paper making generally produces a large amount of solid waste. Paper fibers can be recycled only a limited number of times before they become too short or weak to make high quality paper. This paper mill sludge consumes a large percentage of local landfill space for each and every year. Fiber reinforced concrete becomes an option whenever durability (limited crack widths) or safety considerations are design criteria. They improve the performance (strength and toughness) of brittle cement-based materials by bridging cracks, transmitting stress across a crack and counteracting the crack growth .The steel fiber is the most common fiber type in the building industry; plastic, glass and carbon fibers contribute to a smaller part to the market. To reduce disposal and pollution problems emanating from these industrial wastes, it is most essential to develop profitable building materials from them. Keeping this in view, in this study low cost Self Compacting Concrete with steel fiber reinforcement incorporating lime sludge waste as partial replacement to cement is being done. The replacement level of lime sludge with cement is from 5% to 25%. The variation of steel fiber is from 0.5% to 2 %.

Natural convection in enclosed cavities is widely studied because of its importance in many engineering applications. The most commonly used enclosures in the industries are rectangular, cylindrical, trapezoidal, triangular etc. In recent years, natural convection in triangular shaped enclosures have received a considerable attention. The reason for considering this geometry is, it has application in various fields such as building and thermal insulation systems. In the present study natural convection inside a triangular enclosure is analyzed. The analysis is conducted as 3 different cases. For the first case the bottom wall is heated and other two sides are kept at ambient temperature. For the second case, left wall is heated and other two sides are kept at ambient temperature and for the final case right wall is heated and other two sides are kept at ambient temperature. Simulations are carried out for varying Rayleigh number. Heat transfer rate from the hot surface is obtained numerically. The fluid flow characteristics and heat transfer characteristics are analyzed using computational fluid dynamic software ANSYS FLUENT 14.0.

This paper deals with the effectiveness of Textile Reinforced Concrete (TRC), as a means of increasing the flexural capacity and Shear capacity of Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, is experimentally investigated. A new type of Alkali Resistant (AR) glass textile fabric was utilized as strengthening and the Polymer-modified cementitious mortar was utilized as bonding material for the Textile fabric instead of Epoxy resin, because of their advantages related to fire safety and their relatively low cost. The parameters examined in this research work include: (a) The number of the strengthening layers (one, three and five) and (b) The strengthening configuration, namely Bottom-wrapping and U-shape wrapping. In total, Eighteen Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams were casted and tested as simply supported under three-point bending till failure.

The aim of this paper is to create android application, tracking of the owners of unclaimed vehicles for Pune Police Department. Purpose is to identify the owners of unclaimed vehicles that are captured by the police. Every vehicle has a unique chassis number which is used to get information of the registered owner. This android application will make the process faster and serve as a convenient method for the police to locate and reach the owner of vehicle.

The objective of the present paper study is to explore application of nonlinear FE modelling and analysis of Reinforced Concrete (RC) member and it's retrofitting with FRP wrapping technique. For that RC beam and short column experimental dimension considered as 230mm x 350mm x 750mm and 300mm x 300mm x 800mm respectively. Experimental of beam and short column modelling and analysis using Finite Element software ABAQUS. The parameter was studied including the number of FRP layers in experimental and ABAQUS considered. Beams and short columns wrapped using CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer) composites. To obtain results analytically and experimentally with and without wrapping technique. Keywords: RC beam and short column, CFRP, ABAQUS software etc ________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Customer behavior analytics have implemented in many systems, though still it's a developing and unexplored market has greater potential for better advancements. One of the major challenges for knowledge discovery and data mining systems stands in developing their data analysis capability to discover out of the ordinary models in the data. Now-a-days data mining became more important due to the arrival of powerful data collection and storage tools. In this paper, a Map Reduce implementation of statistical classifier, C4.5 algorithm has to be proposed. The problem addressed in this paper is Big data processing is complex using traditional database management tools. The objective of this paper is To reduce the average time spend by the customer in supermarket. To analysis customer behavior which helps to turn big data into big value by allowing to predict the buyer behavior to improve their sales. The proposed system is to implementation of C4.5 algorithm using Mapreduce framework.

This paper describes 3D object searching mechanism and methods which mainly focuses on query interfaces and their corresponding model/query representations, matching methods and algorithms. Many 3D models are available online but finding the right tool requires great effort, time and resources to develop a high quality 3D model. However finding the right model is not easy as they are scattered across the web on different repository sites, project sites, and personal homepages. It presents a new approach to 3Dimensional object recognition by using an Octree model library (OML) I, II and fast search algorithm [1]. The fast search algorithm is used for locating four pairs of feature points to estimate the viewing direction on effective 2 level database. The best direction is decided by searching for the four pairs of feature points between the input image and image projected along the approximate viewing direction. The input shape is found by matching it to the projected shape. The complexity of proposed method is shown to be O(n 2) in the worst case, and that of the simple combinatorial method of O(m4 , n2), where n and m denote the number of feature points of the 3D model object and the 2D object, respectively.

Scarcity of Drinking water has been a major issue over the years across the globe and various steps have been taken by the concerned authorities all over the world to make drinking water readily available to everyone. Especially for a developing country like India with a huge population, managing water resources becomes all the more important.Most of the states of India have been suffering from water shortage over the years and Maharashtra is one of them. In such a scenario, Water Tankers become an important mode of delivering water and their importance has grown continuously over the years. About 3.14 lakh residents in 96 villages and about 837 waadis are still dependent on tankers to meet their daily requirement of water. As of now, out of 13 talukas in Pune district administration has deployed tankers in 11 talukas.The aim of this project is to build a solution to regulate the supply of Water Tankers in areas of Maharshtra which need them the most. The solution consists of an Android Application for the Tanker-men which communicate with a Java-based server. The server is responsible for making the Tanker Allocation process automated.

Wastewater which comes out from showers, bathtubs, hand basins, laundry, washing machines, dishwashers and kitchen sinks is known as Greywater. Greywater can be reused for toilet flushing, irrigation and recreational purpose etc. There are different methods for treating grey water, among them sand filtration is a simple and effective process. The goal of this paper is to suggest a new approach for sand filter design. Drawer Compacted Sand Filter (DCSF) is a modified design for sand filter, in which sand layer is broken down into different layers and placed in a movable drawers separated by 5 cm space. Through drawer compacted sand filter BOD (89.21%), COD(89.49%), Turbidity(93.51%) etc can be effectively reduced. Transmission of waterborne pathogens is a main problem with greywater reuse. Effective pathogen removal can be achieved by this filter. Greywater reuse for irrigation has low possibility of human contact. So disinfection may not be required. But in the case of toilet flushing and recreational purpose, disinfection is must for improved pathogen removal. Silver is a strong antimicrobial agent and we can also use silver coated sand for the treatment for improved disinfection. By using silver coated sand in DCSF, e-coli removal efficiency increased from 94.19% to 99.99 %.

Security is the first line of defence for any organization. This research focusses on the importance of security in organizations with emphasis on FACE Biometrics. A system is proposed to recognize faces using the WEBCAM of PC through JAVA programming language and OpenCV framework. When a new employee joins in, his/her image is captured and is stored into a database. When the same employee again attempts to check-in, his/her current image is captured and compared with the earlier image stored in the database. The comparison is done based on the pixel values at every location of the image. If more than 75 percent of the pixels match, the image is considered to be of the same person and he/she can check-in successfully. However, if the percentage similarity is less than 75 percent, the image is considered to be a different one than the one stored in the database and check-in becomes unsuccessful. The percentage similarity criteria has been decided according to the hardware used and may vary from system to syatem. Overall, this research presents a steady method of biometric security particularly for small-scale organizations.

Even though the storage media has increase manifold in terms of size, yet we have to compress photos and videos to store them. The original data obtained by a camera sensor is more than required and thus not efficient. The idea of data compression is reducing the data correlation and replacing them with simpler data form. Therefore, compression is required to remove the extra unrequired information and make it efficient and low sized. Multiple steps go into the process of image compression. Firstly, we read the file into Matlab and divide it into multiple 8x8 matrices. Then, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) function is performed on each of the 8x8 matrices. We use a quantization table to perform quantization on the 8x8 matrice. The values of a 8x8 matrice is divided by values of quantization table and then rounded off to the lowest integer. The values of the matrice are then encoded using Difference coding and Huffman coding. Difference coding is used for encoding the DC coefficient i.e. index (0, 0). Huffman coding is further used for rest of the coefficients, which are known as AC coefficients. Huffman coding consists of Zigzag Coding which transforms the 8x8 matrice into a linear matrice. The resulting matrice shows the compressed image. The original image can then be recovered by performing decompression. The decompression steps include Decoding along with De-quantization, then Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform is performed. The resultant matrice thus provides us the recovered original image.

Failover is the operational procedure of exchanging amongst essential and optional frameworks or framework (a server, processor, system, or database) in case of downtime. Such period of time may well be brought by either planned support, or unexpected framework or phase disappointment. In either case, the question is to form adaption to internal failure – to ensure that mission-basic applications or frameworks area unit invariably accessible, paying very little heed to the type or degree of the blame. Due to the various reasons for Client-Server design failure, taking care of failover should be very important. So, varied sorts of Failover solutions area unit enforced to handle failover in client-server design. In this, we analyse causes of failures and various solutions of failover and based on that try to handle failover with pacemaker and High Availability (HA) in centos Linux with database replication techniques.

In this paper, we presents the utilization of a RTOS (real time operating system) for control of photovoltaic power using Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) control mechanism. First we analyzed the photovoltaic module using Matlab platform and Arduino platform. For the main aim of the paper for the boost converter of PV is to be used along with a Maximum Power Point Tracking control mechanism for solar plates. The MPPT control mechanism is responsible for extracting the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic system and which is feed it to the load via the boost converter, which steps up the voltage to required magnitude. The main purpose of this system will be to track the sun and analysis the maximum power point of the photovoltaic module. So In this way we can be check the maximum possible power from the photovoltaic. The algorithms is utilized for MPPT mechanism. Which are generalized in algorithms and this are easy to model or use as a code. The algorithms are written in m files of MATLAB platform and utilized in simulation purpose using GUI unit and control the solar plates using Arduino.

Honey is a natural product known to man since ancient time. It can be preserved for a long time without adding any preservatives. It is a colloidal suspension of nearly 300 different compounds. This wonderful tasty product synthesised by honey bees by collecting nectar of various flowers. Honey is acidic in nature. No major change reported in pH even after storage for prolonged periods. Honey is acidic in nature. Acidity of honey results from the presence of Organic Acids. Many acids have been reported to be present in honey. Acidity of honey may be expressed as free acids, loctone acids or tabal acids which account for less than 0.5 g of solids. This small quantity of acids contributes to the flavour and tart taste to the honey and also responsible in part for the stability of honey against Micro Organisms. In this paper we studied the acidity of 3 different unifloral honeys namely Syzygyum, Momardica, Eucalyptus. These honeys were collected or procured in different seasons from different areas of East Godavari District, A.P., India.

An ornithopter (from Greek ornithos " bird " & pteron " wing ") is an aerial vehicle that flies by flapping its wings, i.e. it can also be defined as an aircraft that produces its thrust & lift by virtue of flapping wings. In other words, an ornithopter seeks to imitate flapping wing flight of insects, birds, bats & other flying creatures. The principle of operation of an ornithopter is the same as an airplane; forward motion through the air lets the wings to deflect air in the downward direction, producing lift but the flapping motion of the wings takes the place of a rotating propeller. On the contrary, the aerofoils of an ornithopter have a flapping or oscillating motion, instead of a rotary motion as airplanes & helicopters employ. The wings of an ornithopter have a combined function of providing both lift & thrust.

In this research paper, the different process parameters of wire cut electrical discharge machining process are studied. And work piece material for which parameters are to be optimized is H 13 Hot die tool steel material with a 0.25 mm coated wire by using Taguchi methodology. The selection of machining parameters in any machining process significantly affects surface finish, production rate and production cost of a finished one component. The experiment has been formulated with the help of Design of experiment and grey relational analysis. The Taguchi method is used to formulate the experimental layout, to analyse the effect of each parameter on the machining characteristics, and to predict the optimal choice for each WEDM parameter. Experimentation is planned as per Taguchi's L8 Orthogonal Array (OR).In this experiment optimize the input process parameters Pulse on time (T ON), Pulse off time (T OFF), peak current (IP), Wire feed rate (WF), Wire tension (WT), Servo voltage (SV) of a WEDM process for a response parameters Surface Roughness (SR), Material Removal Rate (MRR) and Kerf Width (KW) for a H 13 HOT DIE TOOL STEEL. The experimental results are to be analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out significant contribution of machining parameters over response parameters and the optimal combinations of the parameters are to be determined.

Baking with sun and a solar oven should be easy. After a few experiences, you will see how readily you can adapt your present cooking and baking to this oven .Using the solar oven can actually reduce the total amount of effort in meal preparation. Using solar oven outside in the summer allows you to eliminate the extra heat in the house, which is advantageous especially with regard to foods that require long cooking times with solar cooking, you prepare your meals early in the day and then relax, in the late afternoon when you're tired after the day of work the sun will have cooked your food. Most food, with the expectation of cookies and open faced cheese sandwiches, are cooked in the containers with the lids on. The dark, porcelain coated round and oven roasters are the best for most of the cooking and baking in the solar oven. Be sure to use hot pads when removing the pots from the oven food will be hot!

In the market products are selling online through different platforms and common platforms. Ecommerce is the best way to sale or buy the product with appropriate utilization of efforts, cost and time. In proposed approach, multiple components are considered like grain, vegetable, fertilizers, seeds and fruits. Five tier frame work is used to manage the online platform. Computational way is considered to sale or purchase agricultural products. Common web portal is proposed to sale and purchase the agricultural products. Proposed platform can overcome societal issues also like illiteracy about selling products, low rate problem, gap between farmers and customer, vendors ruling, transportation problem etc.

The introduction of a new programming language gives the necessity to differentiation its features with the existing programming languages to study the improvements that the new programming language offers over the existing ones. These studies can show the efficiency of the newly introduced programming language with comparison with the old. Also these studies can show the plus-points and drawbacks offered by the existing programming languages. If we compare the languages we can find out whether the language is offering improvements or relapses. In this research, comparison is made between the new programming language of Apple, Swift, with the main programming language of Apple before Swift, Objective-C. This research focusses on the characteristics of Swift programming language and differences between Swift and Objective-C.

In this paper, it has proposed to replace the batteries by thermoelectric generator (TEG) assembly. Usage of batteries in high or medium temperature monitoring system affects the lifetime and required frequent maintenance also. Here TEGs used instead of batteries and output voltage of TEG also measured under various temperature difference level between hot and cold junction. The generated voltage from TEGs boosted and maintained to Three Volt using TPS61200 booster converter. The combination of TEGs and Booster converter investigated under various loaded conditions to test power-delivering capacity. This boosted voltage used to provide energy to the temperature measurement, microcontroller and wireless data transfer circuit in the transmitter module. Microcontroller was programmed to read temperature and to send data at every second once through RF transmitter module.

In the present day scenario online social networks (OSN) are very trendy and one of the most interactive medium to share, communicate and exchange different kinds of information like text, image, audio, video etc. The OSN users are provided with a privilege to have a direct control on posting or commenting certain stuff on their walls with the help of information filtering. This can be achieved through text pattern matching system, that allows the user to filter their open space (wall) and a privilege to add new words treated as unwanted. To provide a healthy environment to the user to interact, pattern matching of texts are done with the blacklisted vocabulary. If the posted content is verified as ethical and not spam , it is then allowed to be posted on someone's wall, otherwise the posted text will be blurred or encoded with special symbols or would be placed into blacklisted words. This can be achieved through a flexible rule-based system, which allows the users to customize the refining criteria to be applied to their walls, and a Machine Learning-based classifier automatically classifies the messages in content-based filtering.

The Internet is developing dangerously, as is the number of crimes committed against or utilizing computers. Hence, there arises the need for Cyber security. Cyber security is one of the most important parts in the field of information technology. As we think about Cyber security, first thing which comes to our minds is the increasing number of cyber-crimes. Governments around the world are taking steps to prevent these cyber-crimes. This paper focuses mainly on the problems and obstacles created by cyber-crimes. It also points out the ongoing trends about cyber security.

This paper gives brief information regarding Speech Recognition Technology by including various speech parameters, different approaches to speech recognition, basics of acoustic models, language models, complex algorithms and feature extraction techniques. The objective of paper precisely focusses on speech processing and its applicability in technologies like Human-Machine-Interface (HMI) and various day to day life applications.

The objective of this work is to develop an silencer that can rectify Air pollution and Noise produced in this conventional silencer. Air pollution is most important from the public health of view, because every individual person breaths approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 kg of air daily. Polluted air causes physical ill effect decides undesirable a esthetic and physiological effects. Air pollution can be defined as addition to our atmosphere of any material, which will have a dexterous effect on life upon our planet. The main pollutants contribute by automobile are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. And also contribute heavily to contamination of our environment so it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve of our environment from degradation. An Aqua Silencer is an attempt, in this direction; it is mainly dealing with control of emission, heat and noise. An Aqua Silencer is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine. Sound produced under water is less hearable than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly because of small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. Because of this property water is used in this silencer and hence its name AQUA SILENCER.

This paper presents down conversion single and double balanced mixer. Mixer is designed with the help of CMOS Processing technology. Double balanced mixer consists of parallel connection of two single balanced mixer. Double balanced mixer topology has better port to port isolation compared to single balanced mixer. Various parameters are measured on mixer topology that is conversion gain and linearity parameters such as 1 dB compression point and third order intercept point. A comparison is made between single and double mixer and it shows that conversion gain and linearity parameters are improved in double balanced mixer.

This paper is concerned with how energy saving in steam boiler system. The simple mathematical model of a steam boiler has been developed for calculating boiler efficiency by using java web application. The Model shows the influence of the most effective parameters on the boiler performance and its applications in two types of boilers (water and fire tube boilers). The findings showed, in the case of a water tube boiler when natural gas fuel used, every 10% in the excess air causing decreasing boiler efficiency by 0.37%. Also every 10% (20•C) increase in temperature of flue gases causing decreasing in boiler efficiency by 1 %, and every 10% (7-8)•C increase in feed water temperature causing increasing in boiler efficiency by 1%,, In case of fire tube boiler when liquid fuel (solar) used, every 10% increase in the excess air causing decreasing in boiler efficiency by 5%, every 10 %(20•C) increase in temperature of flue gases causing decreasing in boiler efficiency by 1-2%, The model gave acceptable agreement with experimental data measured, in addition, the model has economic and environmental effect.

Computer graphics is an exclusive art of drawing lines, pictures, charts, etc using computers with the help of proper programming. It is made up of number of pixels. The smallest graphical picture or unit which is represented on the computer screen is called Pixel. Computer Graphics is used for manipulating and representing an image data by computer. The continuous development in this field has created a vast change in media like video game and animation industry. The paper aims to provide a step-by-step understanding of the process of developing computer graphics. The applications of computer graphics have also been discussed in detail.

This research article deals with the development of strain gauge dynamometer. A dynamometer is a machine used to measure torque and rotational speed (rpm) from which power produced by an engine, motor, pump or other rotating prime mover can be calculated in order to put the analysis of the metal cutting operation on a qualitative basis, certain observations must be made before, during and after a cut. A strain gauge is a device used to measure the strain of an object & the cutting force measurement is performed by the tool is not much costly and can machine materials with some limited criteria. This setup was developed for to measure cutting forces in machining operation. The cutting force cannot be detected or quantified directly but their effect can be sensed using Transducer. A force which can neither be seen nor be gripped, but can be detected and also quantified respectively by its effect and the amount of those effects like elastic deflection, deformation, pressure, strain etc. These effects, called signals, often need proper conditioning for easy, accurate and reliable detection and measurement. This setup is also increase efficiency and accuracy of force measurement by tool deflection in less time without sacrificing accuracy of the product. This strain gauge was designed to measure 200 kg cutting force and feed force as well. The operating parameters were depth of cut, feed per revolution and cutting speed.

As the majority of the general population require audit about an item before spending their cash on the item. So individuals run over different audits in the site however these surveys are bonafide or counterfeit isn't distinguished by the client. In some survey sites some great audits are included by the item organization individuals itself with the end goal to make with the end goal to deliver false positive item surveys. They give great surveys for some, extraordinary items produced by their very own firm. Client won't have the capacity to see if the survey is veritable or counterfeit. In this paper the followings are talk about, to discover counterfeit reviews(Spam) made by posting counterfeit remarks about an item by distinguishing the Rate Filter, User Filter, IP address Filter alongside survey posting designs. To discover the audit is phony or real, It will discover the IP address of the client if the framework watch counterfeit survey send by a similar IP Address numerous multiple times. This framework causes the client to discover remedy audit of the item.

Cybercrime is one of major problem that people face now a days and it effects the individual, organizations and even the Government. Cybercrime is basically a crime in which an offence is committed against an individual or group of people and itharms their emails, websites and mobile phones. This paper introduces review on cybercrime in detail.

A funicular slab is a thin doubly curved shell of a shape which is purely in compression in most parts of the shell. In funicular shells, the shape of the shell is such that under a particular loading condition, the shell is subjected to pure compression unaccompanied by bending and shear stresses. The shells are subjected to pure membrane state of stress, under appropriate loading and boundary condition the resulting bending and twisting moment are either zero or small which may be neglected. In this study doubly curved thin shells are analyzed using finite element software SAP 2000. Doubly curved shells which are in square plane having 3m*3m are considered. The behavior of shells under uniformly distributed load is studied and compared with the plane flat slabs of same dimensions and thickness. In this case study deflection curves, membrane stress contour diagram are obtained. It is observed that the deflections, bending moments and shell stresses of funicular shell are reduced when compared to flat slab.

Quality assurance and improvement process is about determining whether the set educational objectives meet a general standard of quality. Emphasis of outcome based education (OBE) system is on quantifying what the students are capable of doing and learning outcomes of the students is one of the key components. Course Outcomes are the statements indicating knowledge and skills the student is expected to acquire at the end of a course. Program outcomes represent the knowledge, skills and attitudes the students should have at the end of program. Program outcomes can be directly measured through course outcomes. The outcome based education model is based on defining various parameters called as Graduates Attributes. In this paper, an approach for measuring program outcomes attainment through course outcomes is presented. Course outcomes are attained based on assigning two step weights depending upon the nature of course and mapping of various exam heads with respect to course outcomes. The proposed method provides the result of course outcome attainment and program outcome attainment. The results are obtained through a program in MS Excel.

Sustainable or Green construction refers to the adoption of building designs, construction methods and materials that are environmentally friendly. It also means using materials and resources that have sustainable supplies and are readily available from many sources. Building materials typically considered to be green include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal etc.

Conventional energy sources are limited in the world and energy conservation is necessary nowadays. Thermal Efficiency improvement is necessary for saving fuel and energy cost, this paper presents an approach for the optimization of economizer design with increasing number of tubes which added an additional area for economizer. The aim of this work is to develop an economic study which finds the optimization of economizer design and to increase the amount of heat saving, in addition, decreased the volume of combustion product that leads to environmental pollution reduction, the finding shows boiler efficiency improved by 1% and the heat loss due to the exhaust gas was decreased compared by the old design. The new design shows the payback period is eight months also the amount of fuel (natural gas) saved equal 192096 m 3 per year. So this new design is feasible and valid.

The project aims at determination of optimum shell design by the consideration of the natural frequencies of different modified shells. The choice of selecting the compressor shell for low noise is based on the natural frequencies obtained. This is because the noise level of the compressor is basically dependent on its natural frequencies. The finite element reveals that, the natural frequencies are a function of material and stiffness of the body. Hence with the material remaining the same, the geometric of the shell is changed to have different modifications. The natural frequencies of each modification are determined by the modal analysis. This project discusses the process in which the reduction of compressor noise can be achieved by restructuring the compressor shell and decreasing the amplitude of vibration.

The aim of the current paper is to link nozzle geometry, and its effects on spray characteristics, with combustion characteristics in the chamber of IC engine. The combustion and formation in a diesel engine is governed mainly by spray formation and mixing. Important parameters governing these are droplet size, distribution concentration and injection velocity. Smaller orifices are believed to give smaller droplet size, even with reduce injection pressure, which leads to better fuel atomization, faster evaporation and better mixing. For this purpose, three 6-hole sac nozzles, with different orifices degree of concavity, have been used. The analysis of all the results allows linking nozzle geometry, spray behavior and combustion development. In particular, CH-radicals have shown to appear together with vapor spray, both temporally and in their location, being directly related to nozzle characteristics.

 Side Stand Remover using clutch Model of automatic side stand remover using clutch system in two wheelers, auto safety start system consists of Side stand life system.  When the starter button is push on, and operator operating clutch then the side stand gets lifted by means of electric lifter.  This system is very useful for two wheeler users.  In today's scenario forgetting to raise the side stand in two wheelers is the main cause for most of the road accidents which occur in our country.  In order to avoid such accidents, we made the operation of the side stand much simpler by using a wiper motor mechanism.  People tend to forget to raise the stand and when they make a turn in their vehicle during motion, the side stand hits the road surface and the rider along with the vehicle falls on the road thereby creating a personal tragedy which ends up in terrific mishaps.  Now, We will make the Automatic Side stand remover whose operating very easily and safely bye the operating of clutch so we reduces the accidents due to side stand.  We will also making system when two-wheeler switch on after that side stand remove otherwise it is not remove.

Online shopping is becoming more and more common in our daily lives. Tracking user's interests and behaviour is essential in order to fulfil customer's requirements. The information about user's behaviour is stored in the web server logs. Absorbing a view of the process followed by user's during a session can be of great interest to identify the behavioural patterns. The analysis of such information has focused on applying data mining techniques. Data mining is the process of sorting through large data sets to identify patterns and establish relationships to solve problems through data analysis. It is a process used by companies to turn raw data into useful information. By using software to look for patterns in large batches of data, businesses can learn more about their customers to develop more effective marketing strategies, increase sales and decrease costs. To address this issue, this paper proposes a linear temporal logic model checking method for the analysis of structured e-commerce web logs. By defining a common way of tracing log records according to the ecommerce structure, web logs can be converted into event logs where the behaviour of user's is tracked. Then, different predefined queries can be performed to identify different actions performed by a user during a session. The proposed approach has been studied by applying it to a real case study of a Spanish e-commerce website. The results have identified interesting findings that have made possible to propose some improvements in the website design with the aim of increasing its efficiency.

Computer networks are a system of interconnected computers for the purpose of sharing digital information. The concept of a network began in 1962 when a server at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was connected to a server in Santa Monica, California. Since that time the proliferation of computers and computer networks has increased significantly. One of the most significant challenges to networks is attacks on their resources caused by inadequate network security. In this research paper we highlight and overview concept of computer networks. Computer networks have become increasingly ubiquitous. In today's world, a computer network is much more than a collection of interconnected devices. Computer networks are a system of interconnected computers for the purpose of sharing digital information. The computer network enables to analyze, organize and disseminate the information that is essential to profitability. The rise of intranets and internets is the important aspect of computer networking. Intranets and internets are private business networks that are based on internet technology. The businesses are currently implementing intranets at a breakneck pace and for one reason only, an intranet enables a business to collect, manage and disseminate information more quickly and easily than ever before. Many businesses are implementing intranets simply to remain competitive; business that delay is likely to see their competition outdistance them. In this article we are presenting the basic concepts of networking.

Everyone wants to get fast that they want. Chatbots are intelligent systems that understands user's questions and answers accordingly. Going to banks and ask questions to any bank employee, the procedure takes too much time to process a single question. So our focus is to make an intelligent assistant System that will save time of users and reduce workload of bank employees. It is like a personal assistant that user feels that they are communicating with a person. The user can ask their queries in plain text in English or in voice. According to user's query the system will process the query and generate response. To complete these tasks we have used artificial intelligence and natural language processing. The system will be available as a web so it can be easily accessible. It can be run on the pc or mobile phones.

Network science is an ever-evolving field. As the research continues to evolve, new gaps are opened, and tools are created to help
fill these gaps. There are a variety of network analysis tools available for research and they cover a wide range of use cases.
However, there are three gaps to be addressed. First, there seems to be little discussion that network links can carry as much
information (attributes) as nodes, and the important role that this information can play. Second, there is a need for multimedia data
within networks, where images, video, sound and documents can be used to visually enhance the display of information in a
network. Third, network partitions do not address the idea of multiple classifications, direct use of continuous data to create clusters,
or clusters composed entirely of links. A Knowledge Visualization Network (KVN) is presented as an innovative approach to
filling this gap.

In recent years Machine Learning has a major impact in the field of medical science due to its ability to learn and analyze from the
examples provided. There are lots of treatments that are available for various common diseases that can be detected by individuals
and doctors just on the basis of symptoms. But it is not possible for any human to know about all diseases. So, the problem is that
there isn’t any place where anyone can have the details of the diseases based on the symptoms. What if there is a place where we
can find our health problem just by entering symptoms. The proposed idea is to create a chatbot that can predict disease using
Apriori algorithm just by providing symptoms. Also, by using Recurrent Neural Network algorithm this system can be simply used
as a tool of communication. Hence it can be beneficial for people as early detection of the disease can help in better treatment and
recovery. Moreover, this system will help people to keep track of their heath regularly and properly without going anywhere.

Go-Kart racing is a constantly growing concept all over the world. Go-Kart is four wheeled vehicle designed for racing and in
some countries for enjoyment purpose also. It is not a factory made product. Kart racing is accepted as it is one of the most
economic forms of racing. It is bridge between theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge. It is a fun activity. We have
designed, fabricated and manufactured the Go-Kart for racing application. This paper includes design of ideas, imaginary concept,
designing, analysis, teamwork, project management and development, costing and budgeting. The main objective of kart is to
manufacture the kart within a given period time, without any loss of time. So the remaining time can be utilized to increase the
performance of kart to get better result in racing. Most of time is wasted in manufacturing and fabrication of the various parts of
kart.

This paper deals with a brief article about a solar tracking mechanism & it’s working explained along with Air Cooler. A solar
tracker is a device that orients a payload toward the sun. Payloads can be photovoltaic panels, reflectors, lenses or other optical
devices. In this system we will use photo voltaic method to absorb the solar energy usually with photovoltaic panels. The solar
panel was tilted according to the sun movement. So this mechanism is called “Solar Tracking Mechanism”. The above figs will
give the brief idea about photo voltaic effect & conversion of light to electricity.

India’s retail industry is witnessing revolution and positioned as favorable destination for investment. The Indian retail industry has emerged as one of the most dynamic and fast-paced industries due to the entry of several new players. It accounts for over 10 per cent of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and around 8 per cent of the employment. India is the world’s fifth-largest global destination in the retail space due to increase in income level, urbanization, fast changing IT and Communication technologies. On the other hand consumer buying behavior in not a new baby for us but its importance is increasing day by day due to change in market conditions and increase in Competition. In today’s competitive environment development of brand loyalty amongst customers is a big challenge in front of business unit. This paper aims to determine effect of brand loyalty on each dimensions of consumer buying behavior related to retail trade in Solapur City. It is found from the study that in retail industry as per as grocery trade is concerned still customers are giving preference to prize and test whereas Packaging flavor and appearance doesn’t play important role. Most of customers knows brands available in markets and doesn’t show willingness to switch their brand.

Today, in any company, it is difficult to judge financial detail regarding employee’s reimbursement of previous sales. With the
system “Advance Intelligence with Finance”, it will be easy to search previous data of past years in individual’s account. The bills
will be scanned through OCR system and data will be converted into text form. This data is in unstructured format and Data mining
will be applied now and process of preprocessing and data normalization is applied. Now this data will be in structured format.
The process of allowing of data for company or business related reimbursement is done by admin and then with the help of NLP
(Natural Language Processing), employee will search that data and will be able to analyze that data easily by different types of
categories and subcategories. Lastly, searched data will be seen on the portal.

Communication Engineering has been the important field of engineering in last few decades. Advancement of digital
communication has made this field more interesting as well as challenging. Reliability and efficiency are the important goal of any
communication system. In most cases reliability is given the priority over efficiency though at certain cases one is compromised
for the other. Reliability of communication has an impact even in our day to day life. Communication has got many applications
such as telephonic conversations etc. During the transfer of message, the data might get corrupted due to lots of disturbances in the
communication channel. So it is necessary for the decoder tool to also have a function of correcting the error that might occur
during transmission Convolutional encoding with Viterbi decoding has been in use for many years in commercial satellite systems.
A characteristic of the Viterbi decoding process is that as the Eb/N0 (SNR) becomes increasingly smaller, the uncorrectable errors
that are passed through the system are clumped together. Although the distribution of errors caused on the link is Gaussian, the
uncorrectable error distribution looks like one found on a classical bursty channel. A class of codes that are well known to correct
bursty errors is the Reed-Solomon code. The obvious conclusion is to use concatenate the Viterbi and Reed/Solomon codes.

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) referred as multicarrier communication systems. Due to OFDM’s immunity
to many channel imperfections, it is the ideal modulation scheme for many applications which transmit signals in hostile
environments. A major drawback of OFDM is the high peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) problem, which can lead to low power
efficiency and nonlinear distortion at the transmitter power amplifier. In this paper modified SLM scheme is analytically and
numerically evaluated for the OFDM system with 52 sub carriers. The modified SLM scheme with 4 binary phase sequences can
reduce the complex multiplications by 56.2% and complex additions by 62.5% with the similar PAPR reduction compared with
the conventional SLM scheme with 16 binary phase sequences.

The solar energy is an important part of the renewable energies. Their abundance and low cost are two great strategic advantages,
that they turn it an excellent energy alternative for developed and developing countries. PCM storage unit for a solar cooker is
proposed for the this project work .The storage materials for temperatures applicable for food cooking range is required to be
selected .There is need to design the system by quantifying the storage materials ,type, technical parameters and its incorporation
in to the solar cookers or new device of the solar cookers. The project work is planned accordingly, but literature is reviewed in
every aspects of the components of the solar thermal cooking system.

Composite materials are made from the combination of two or more materials with different chemical and physical properties,
which when combined give a new material with enhanced material properties. Our study is concerned with the analysis of free
vibration of rectangular plate without cut-out. We study the effects of aspect/size ratio, thickness ratio, and angle of the laminate,
number of laminates, material properties and different boundary conditions.

In this project, we will have brief discussion on how to interface 16×2 LCD module to AT89C51, which is an 8051 family
microcontroller. We use LCD display for the displaying messages in a more interactive way to operate the system or displaying
error messages etc. Interfacing 16×2 LCD with 8051 microcontroller is very easy if you understanding the working of LCD Hence,
in this project, I will not only give the information of LCD and also provide the code in using machine language which is working
fine without any errors.

Wind turbines are becoming popular in the renewable energy world. Development in the wind turbines are being made to make it more reliable and effective but the problem is with the transmission of power from the generating plant to the remote (off-grid) locations. Many developing countries have very limited power distribution to rural locations, and small wind turbines have proven to be an effective means of bringing electricity to many people and villages in remote locations. From here we define the main objective of the project is to design and develop a small scale wind turbine to serve as an effective means of generating electricity in remote locations. Savonius wind turbine is one of the kinds of vertical axis wind turbine in which we have made some design alterations to develop Aeroblade Savonius wind turbine. Aesthetic, economic and functional requirements are incorporated into it in order to make it a part of the sustainable consumer products. Other than the rural areas, installation of this turbine in schools, parks, offices and anywhere required will considerably reduce the electricity bill. This turbine is designed as an aid to the energy consumption of the product in which it is incorporated, maintaining the advantages of a conventional Savonius rotor as self-starting, easy manufacture and maintenance and able to integrate into its environment.

he reduction of the energy consumption is compensated by harvesting RF energy of a WSN using a techniques realized to practical extent, considering the numerous forced limitations. In scheming energy harvesting regulation, techniques were suggested in control methods. The techniques reserved must promise in such a way the limitations are forced by the utility with regard to the quantity of acquired data is attained, whereas the lifetime of the network is increased, in contrast to present and simple arraying. Amidst several control techniques, Model predictive control (MPC) is a one of the important controlling methods. It has several effective uses. This paper contrasts MPC method for automated tuning with Flower Pollination Optimization (FPO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The major confrontation of MPC is in tuning of control factors for several WSN targets, and PSO or FPO application for automated tuning may become member of solutions. The computational results for energy harvest of WSN reveal the influence of the suggested PSO and FPO dependent tuning.

One of the major concerning issue of constructors and owners of construction are how to improve construction productivity and how construction project can be completed cost effectively. Because of large number of labors and civil engineers involved in construction industry there have been several studies that have focused on how to motivate them, so as to improve construction productivity. It has been seen that increasing construction workers and civil engineers productivity through improved method of motivation will result in considerable saving and in time completion of construction work. In this paper covered all relevant studies which posses and are primarily concerned what energize human behavior and how behavior is maintained or sustained throughout the project.

Construction disputes can arise from many factors like inadequate planning, changes in prizes, unexpected conditions at work site, differing interpretations of contract language and lack of communication among parties involved in the project; these can affect project performance and ultimately lead to litigation. Although construction projects face enormous uncertainties and the contract is unavoidably incomplete in terms of the inability to incorporate provisions to deal with all the possible contingencies. Joint efforts are needed in such situations to solve the problems that may arise. Any unresolved issue arising here, which may become dispute, is one of the most damaging relationships. Many researchers have studied the reasons for construction claims. Earlier some experts identified three root causes of disputes as 1.Behavioral Problems 2.Contratual Problems 3.Technical Problems due to uncertainty and low experience. The case studies of various disputes is intended to cover broad range of construction with regard to type of project, size of project, type of owner and contract administration policies. Both residential and commercial construction is included because problems in this category may be more economically and emotionally charged.

This paper aims to present survey carried out at Barvha village in Umred Taluka of Nagpur district the survey was carried out with respect to study the aspect of sustainable development of village and planning of strategies for it's development. It explains the present status of village and villagers. It also helps us to identify problems which hinder the development. It proposes all the strategies possible for eradication of problems and create way to development. It also provides knowledge of how local bodies, administration and villagers themselves can be helpful in implementation of such useful strategies which will lead to sustainable development of village.

Gallic acid is an interesting natural compound because of its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antitumor properties. It is present in relatively high concentrations in a number of biomass sources and in industrial wastes from where it could be extracted. Aiming at developing benign and efficient extraction and purification processes for gallic acid, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) composed of ionic liquids (ILs) and inorganic salts were investigated. The present investigation was focused on improving the feasibility of large scale applications of a solid phase extraction (SPE) procedure dedicated to the recovery of polyphenols. Adsorption of polyphenol (gallic acid) on an anion exchange resin, Amberlite IR-400 was studied for purification of polyphenols from the pomegranate peel. The work was carried out to understand how the processing parameters can be manipulated to optimize the purification of gallic acid for its further use in nutraceutical and functional foods. In this work the effect of pH, temperature, speed of agitation and concentration for gallic acid adsorption on anion exchange resin was studied.

In Reciprocating engine crankshaft is important part which is used to convert the linear motion of piston in to rotating motion. For smooth out the jerky motion created by the moving piston, the flywheel is attached to the end of the crankshaft. Fortuna angular grinding machine in which a grinding is done on the crankshaft. A machine consists different component like as grinding wheel, follower, template, diamond, hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor, head stock, tail stock, and bed. Dressing problem is arise when the same product is produce on the same machine after some period of time. The various factor which are affecting for this problem are hydraulic pressure, bed, follower, diamond alignments which are used in machine. This problem can be solved by proper alignment of template, regulating pressure, adjusting diamond position etc.

This study intended to research the adequacy of Google classroom as a teaching and learning tool among higher education science training learners. The exploration outline for this study was a descriptive and interpretive investigation that was dissected quantitatively. A quantitative questionnaire was composed and was utilized to answer the fundamental target of the investigation. The sample of this study was sixty third year Healthcare Service Management learners who have been using Google classroom for two semesters (8 months). The study embraced the quantitative design approach in which the learners were utilizing Google classroom for two semesters as a teaching and learning tool. Data collected was analysed using graphs and bar charts. A social constructivism theory which entails that human beings learn to their surrounding and experiences was adopted for the purpose of this study. The outcomes from this study demonstrated that Google classroom is compelling in educating and learning as the outcomes demonstrated that it improves teaching and learning.

Programmable logic controllers are used in industry in many areas of automation and technology as well as for control and regulation tasks. A PLC is a device with specialized input and output interfaces. These interfaces (sensors and actuators) to regulate, controls and monitors the manufacturing processes. While designing pneumatic circuit's more than one cylinder using cascade circuits or KV design in basic pneumatics and electrical relays with timer and counter circuits in electro pneumatics is complicated and using limited cylinders only. Thus the complicated circuits using more number of cylinders can easily be implemented by programming using any kind of PLC or Arduino microcontroller .When comparing the cost of Arduino microcontroller ten times less than the PLC unit. Moreover interfacing devices of input sensors are easily adoptable one with low cost and can be interfaced to any kind of output environment like OLED display, Bluetooth, WIFI control and I O T control system.

In In modern world, Automation is developed in many fields. This Automation is achieved by developments in Pneumatics, Hydraulics, Electrical and Electronics. Apart from these fields, Pneumatics finds wide applications as they are the " LOW COST AUTOMATION ". In order to understand the technical knowhow of the pneumatic logic circuits in a simple way, this paper describe the model system of pneumatic controlled logic circuit using compressed air is the control medium instead of electrical current. In industrial automation electrical and electronic devices control fluid power circuits. Relay logic control, Programmable logic controller, computer based control are the methods commonly used. But Air logic is one of the methods to control pneumatic system. The air logic circuit is similar to the normal function of relay, timers, pressure switches and counters. This paper will be very useful for the mechatronics students in understanding the automation of logical circuit in pneumatics.

This paper proposes a theoretical design of a detailed assembly to automate the powder coating process. Most hospital furniture manufacturing industries employ workers to powder coat various parts of the furniture. Manual operations require a lot of time, money, manpower, apart from health hazards on the side of worker. In order to enhance existing process so as to improve productivity and save working capital, it becomes crucial to automate the mechanical operations using mechanism to move the mechanical tool and control the motion using controllers. This paper gives emphasis on the design of the mechanism for the powder coating which incorporates two lead screws for horizontal and vertical motion of powder gun. In this research, design and modelling is obtained using Creo for lead screws.

The disposal of domestic wastewater without any treatment into the drainage systems leads to the pollution. So with increasing pressure on water resources worldwide, now there is a need to consider recycling and reuse options for wastewaters. The need for compact wastewater treatment plants increasingly becomes a global concern where the environmental impact by the population also sets high demands to the treatment of waste produced by the community. It was estimated that about 6,30,000 liters/day of waste water from Busyland Commercial City at Amravati, Maharashtra is released in the nearby natural stream without any treatment. The quantity of waste water may reach to 10,00,000 liters/day of water after expansion of Busyland Commercial City. This release of waste water finally discharges to Pedhi River dam, which may affect the characteristics of dam water. Thus, an approach is made to provide proper treatment of to this waste water at Busyland Commercial City itself. The conclusion of the project was made for the selection of effective & economical waste water treatment system for the treatment of sewage of Busyland Commercial City. From the comparison made in different waste water treatment techniques, Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) treatment was found more feasible in terms of land, initial cost and maintenance cost, etc. The quality of effluent of RBC is satisfactory for the purpose of gardening and other maintenance work of Busyland Commercial City. This process also has a moderate detention period of influent which will help to reduce the major problem of odour. The sludge production of RBC plant is minimal and hence have a comparatively lesser maintenance cost than the other treatments. Hence, after considering all aspects, Rotating Biological Contactor plant was suggested for the proper treatment of waste water of Busyland Commercial City.

Seats belts play a vital role in the safety of passengers. Seat belts are designed to keep the passengers from being thrown from the car. They are also designed to absorb the impact of a crash. Seat belts also stretch slightly so our body doesn't stop abruptly, and they prevent us from colliding with a part of the car or another person. An automatic seat-belt system can go a long way in ensuring usage of seat-belts. Automatic seat belts have been introduced as early as 1975 but there is no such arrangement in the industry at present. Such belts were discarded because of various disadvantages. Also it gets in the way of side curtain air bags. However automatic belt systems also presented several operational disadvantages. Motorists who would normally wear seat belts must still fasten the manual lap belt, thus rendering redundant the automation of the shoulder belt.

An Earthquake is sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth's rocks. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and extensive damage to property. Over the past couple of decades the astounding developments in design strategies have been made, which incorporate, earthquake protective systems in the structure. These protective systems are in the form of seismic isolation system and supplementary energy dissipation devices. The method of structural isolation deflects or filters out the earthquake energy by interposing a layer with low horizontal stiffness between the structure and the foundation. Another approach to improving earthquake response performance is that of supplemental energy dissipation system. In these systems, mechanical devices are incorporated into the frame of the structure and absorb the energy from the earthquake reducing the drift as well effects on the critical components of the structure. These mechanical energy dissipating devices have been found to be quite promising and their applications form the focus of this study.

Antibacterial and antioxidant activities have been conducted using methanol extract of leave and stem bark of Artocarpus for its application as peel-off mask. The raw material was macerated using methanol and the obtained filtrate was evaporated until the concentrated crude extract was obtained. The crude extract is tested using several tests, such a phytochemistry screening, antibacterial test to Propionibakterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus with the concentration of extract of 50; 100; 150 and 200 ppm, and antioxidant test using DPPH method. The additional test was conducted for evaluating the characteristic of peel-off mask, such as homogeneity, pH, organoleptic and irritation test. The result of photochemistry screening showed those extracts were dominated with tannin and saponin. The antibacterial test to P. acnes showed the leave extract with concentration of 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm showed the inhibition zone 9,6; 9,9; 10,4 and 11,3 mm. The other extract, the stem bark extract, provided the inhibition zone 8,4; 8,8; 9,5 and 10,5 mm at the similar concentration of extract. For Staphyliococcus aureus, the leaves extract showed the inhibition zone 7,5; 7,8; 8,2 and 8,8 mm, while the stem bark extract 6,2; 6,4; 7,7 dan 9,2 mm. Those result revealed that the leave extract is more powerful to inhibit P. acnes than stem bark extract. But the different result was obtained when discussed about the inhibition of S. aureus, the stem bark extract showed the higher activity than leave extract. The measurement of antioxidant of leave extract at concentration 50; 100; 150 and 200 ppm showed the following activity data 22,91; 31,90; 32,76 and 40,47%, then the stem bark extract has the following activity data 43,89; 64,66; 70,02; 70,44%. These data showed the antioxidant activity of stem bark extract is higher than stem bark extract. The clinical testing of peel-off mask formulation showed that the F1, F2 and F3 has a good homogeneity and the pH was 6,7; 6,7 and 5,8. The irritation test showed a negative reasult for all of formulation.

Satellite images are one of the most important tools used by meteorologist to determine the weather conditions. It is also used to know the behavior of atmosphere. Particular region of the satellite image will helpful for meteorologist to determine weather conditions and atmosphere. In order to enhance the particular region of the satellite image, the conversion of low resolution to high resolution is needed. Also, images captured by the satellite will be transmitted at low resolution to minimize the transmission power. To improve the quality of the satellite image at receiver side is a challenging task in the field of Communication Engineering. The quality of satellite image will be improve using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) based decomposition and bi-cubic interpolation method. Bi-cubic interpolation method will helpful for enhancing the edges of the objects in the satellite image. MATLAB software will be used for the simulation purpose. Comparison of different parameters like Mean Square Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) is also done for superiority of proposed method.

2-D Meta material structure (2DMMS) is proposed to reduce mutual coupling of a two-element micro strip patch antenna. Structure consists of an upper T-shaped patch and two lower U-shaped patches connected with two shorted pins. The proposed 2-D Meta material has a negative permeability at 2.35-2.45 GHz band, which covers the operation band of the patch antenna array with an edge-to-edge array-element distance of 0.13λ0. Meta material is placed on substrate between two antenna elements, which has a 0.1mm vertical distance to the patch antennas. The results show that about more than 18 dB mutual coupling reduction is achieved by using the 2 DMMS without affecting the operating bandwidth and radiation characteristics. Thus, the proposed MIMO antenna with 2-D Meta material achieves an isolation improvement of 20dB in comparison of the simulated MIMO antenna without the proposed Meta material structure.

The environmental concern and our dependency on crude oil is increasing day by day. Also deposition of plastic waste is increasing day by day creating harm to the environment and causing pollution in the society. We can use this plastic waste of different grade they can be collected, processed and used as alternative fuel to crude oil which is more favorable to the environment, efficient in use, and the deposition of municipal plastic waste can be treated. The obtained plastic waste can be categorized and treated for the pyrolysis process. The obtained fuel can be used in I.C. engine as an alternation. Also as the concern of electrification of the automobile industry electric drive for rear wheels and conventional I.C. engine drive for the front two wheels can be used. Hence our project is to focus on a car which will be hybrid, there will be electric drive on the rear two wheels and their respective batteries will be charged by alternator which will get power form an I.C. engine which will run on alternative fuel. So the entire drive train system is an alternation and change from the present conventional drive train. The alternative fuel which is going to be used is plastic oil derived through pyrolysis process. Various steps will be carried out in making the oil (PPO-Alternative fuel) compatible, efficient and favorable to the environmental and public use.

Nowadays IC engines are widely used in diverse applications such as Automobile, Ships, Power generation etc. Emissions generated from these engines have major influence on environment pollution. So alternative mode has been investigated for reduction of pollution. A new mode of combustion has been developed in order to reduce emissions. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition engines have no spark plug or fuel injector as in conventional SI and CI engine. In HCCI combustion, a homogeneous mixture of air and fuel is compressed until auto-ignition occurs near the end of the compression stroke. The technology can be implemented by modifying either SI or CI engines using any fuel or combination of fuels. HCCI technology uses homogeneous charge inside the combustion chamber and this is obtained by premixing the air and vaporised fuel outside the combustion chamber. Homogeneous charge is formed by early injection of fuel on to the hot surface of vaporiser. Because of the high compression ratio, Diesel engines are more robust and withstand high loads and the temperature of the combustion tends to be high. In the high temperature nitrogen reacts with the oxygen and form of NOx. The difference is that HCCI has significantly low compression ratio. That lower compression ratio contributes to a lower combustion temperature and reduces nitrogen oxide emission.

The understanding of the flow field inside the cold store is very important to food storage at low temperatures. Transport phenomena, comprising air flow, hit and mass transfer are key processes in refrigerated storage. Temperature homogeneity in most food refrigeration systems is directly governed by the airflow patterns in the system. Numerical modelling of airflow provides an opportunity to develop improved understanding of the underlying phenomena influencing system performance, which can lead to reduced temperature heterogeneity and increased effectiveness and efficiency of refrigeration systems. With the rapid advances in computational power of recent years, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques in this application has become popular. This the application of CFD and other numerical modelling techniques to the prediction of airflow in refrigerated food applications including cool stores and reduce bad food ratio and reduce heat and mass transfer in food.

Isolation & characterization of phenolic compound from Saputangan leaves (Maniltoa grandiflora (A. Gray) Scheff) and antioxidant activity have been carried out. The isolation process of phenolic compound was started through maceration process using methanol solvent, the partition using ethyl acetate and n-hexane, then the isolation using column chromatography. Characterization using UV-Vis, FT-IR, NMR and ESI-HRMS instruments. Antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH method for phenolic compound. Based on the screening test, it can be stated that the Saputangan leaves contain phenolic compounds, flavonoids and terpenoids. Phenolic compound obtained has a weight of 32, 3 mg. The results of interpretation of spectroscopic data show that isolated phenolic compound is methyl gallate with the structure formula C8H8O5 and molecular weight of 184. Phenolic compound antioxidant as methyl gallate has IC50 values of 16,136 mg/L which can be categorized as very strong antioxidant.

The selection of suitable order for a series of jobs to be done in a finite number of machines has got more importance in real life situation. Industry producing a number of products, each of which to be processed through different machines always try to minimize the total elapsed time. ie, to minimize the time from the start to first job to the completion of second job. In this paper sequencing problem has been redesigned to handle the case in which most values are given in terms of neutrosophic numbers, since in real life situations, there always exist uncertainty about the values.

Static analysis and Experimentation of submersible pump impeller using composite materials are used in naval applications now a day. Considering structural strength of impeller of submersible pump, weight to the strength ratio is important for this work. So, weight reduction of submersible pump is most important for optimization. Impeller weight and structure are responsible for mechanical loss that reduces the power transferred from the motor shaft to the pump impeller. The composite material made it possible to reduce the weight of mechanical component without any reduction of its capacity. The present work aims at observing the choice of E-Glass as an alternative to metal for better material optimization. In this paper a Kirloskar KS6D submersible pump impeller has been taken for design & optimization by using experimental and FEA in ANSYS 16 software. FEA approach is validated by experimental method.