- Classics & Ancient Mediterranean Studies Department
The Pennsylvania State University
108 Weaver Building
University Park PA 16802
-
Acre-Akko-Akka, Ancient Israel, Ancient History, Ancient Near East, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Archaeology, and 29 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Archaeology of CIlicia, Archaeology of ethnicity, Archaeology of Jerusalem, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Levant, Biblical Archaeology, Bronze Age Collapse, Community Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Heritage Management, Egypt in Canaan, Heritage Conservation, Iron Age (Archaeology), Jerusalem, Landscape Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, New Technologies in Archaeology, Philistines, Pottery (Archaeology), Pottery technology and function, Roman and Late Antique Palestine, The Philistines and Sea Peoples Cultures, 3D Documentation In Archaeology, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Cultural Resource Management (Archaeology), Phoenicians, and Syro-Palestinian archaeology edit
In honor of eminent archaeologist and historian of ancient Jewish art, Rachel Hachlili, friends and colleagues offer contributions in this festschrift which span the world of ancient Judaism both in Palestine and the Diaspora. Hachlili's... more
In honor of eminent archaeologist and historian of ancient Jewish art, Rachel Hachlili, friends and colleagues offer contributions in this festschrift which span the world of ancient Judaism both in Palestine and the Diaspora. Hachlili's distinctive research interests: synagogues, burial sites, and Jewish iconography receive particular attention in the volume. Archaeologists and historians present new material evidence from Galilee, Jerusalem, and Transjordan, contributing to the honoree's fields of scholarly study. Fresh analyses of ancient Jewish art, essays on architecture, historical geography, and research history complete the volume and make it an enticing kaleidoscope of the vibrant field of scholarship that owes so much to Rachel.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Second Temple Judaism, and 15 moreLate Antiquity, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Roman Palestine (Archaeology), Late Roman Archaeology, Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Late Roman and Early Byzantine Syria-Palestine, Ancient Judaism, Patristics and Late Antiquity, Art History, Jewish Art History, Synagogue Art History, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of Roman Palestine, and ancient Synagogues
This Handbook aims to serve as a research guide to the archaeology of the Levant, an area situated at the crossroads of the ancient world that linked the eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. The Levant as used here is... more
This Handbook aims to serve as a research guide to the archaeology of the Levant, an area situated at the crossroads of the ancient world that linked the eastern Mediterranean, Anatolia, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. The Levant as used here is a historical geographical term referring to a large area which today comprises the modern states of Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, western Syria, and Cyprus, as well as the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and the Sinai Peninsula.
Unique in its treatment of the entire region, it offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of the current state of the archaeology of the Levant within its larger cultural, historical, and socio-economic contexts. The Handbook also attempts to bridge the modern scholarly and political divide between archaeologists working in this highly contested region. Written by leading international scholars in the field, it focuses chronologically on the Neolithic through Persian periods - a time span during which the Levant was often in close contact with the imperial powers of Egypt, Anatolia, Assyria, Babylon, and Persia. This volume will serve as an invaluable reference work for those interested in a contextualised archaeological account of this region, beginning with the 'agricultural revolution' until the conquest of Alexander the Great that marked the end of the Persian period.
Unique in its treatment of the entire region, it offers a comprehensive overview and analysis of the current state of the archaeology of the Levant within its larger cultural, historical, and socio-economic contexts. The Handbook also attempts to bridge the modern scholarly and political divide between archaeologists working in this highly contested region. Written by leading international scholars in the field, it focuses chronologically on the Neolithic through Persian periods - a time span during which the Levant was often in close contact with the imperial powers of Egypt, Anatolia, Assyria, Babylon, and Persia. This volume will serve as an invaluable reference work for those interested in a contextualised archaeological account of this region, beginning with the 'agricultural revolution' until the conquest of Alexander the Great that marked the end of the Persian period.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze Age Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Cyprus Archaeology, Archaeology of the Levant, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology, and Archaeology of Syria and the Levant
The search for the biblical Philistines, one of ancient Israel's most storied enemies, has long intrigued both scholars and the public. Archaeological and textual evidence examined in its broader eastern Mediterranean context reveals that... more
The search for the biblical Philistines, one of ancient Israel's most storied enemies, has long intrigued both scholars and the public. Archaeological and textual evidence examined in its broader eastern Mediterranean context reveals that the Philistines, well-known from biblical and extra-biblical texts, together with other related groups of Sea Peoples, played a transformative role in the development of new ethnic groups and polities that emerged from the ruins of the Late Bronze Age empires. The essays in this book, representing recent research in the fields of archaeology, Bible, and history, reassess the origins, identity, material culture, and impact of the Philistines and other Sea Peoples on the Iron Age cultures and peoples of the eastern Mediterranean. The contributors are Matthew J. Adams, Michal Artzy, Tristan J. Barako, David Ben-Shlomo, Mario Benzi, Margaret E. Cohen, Anat Cohen-Weinberger, Trude Dothan, Elizabeth French, Marie-Henriette Gates, Hermann Genz, Ayelet Gilboa, Maria Iacovou, Ann E. Killebrew, Sabine Laemmel, Gunnar Lehmann, Aren M. Maeir, Amihai Mazar, Linda Meiberg, Penelope A. Mountjoy, Hermann Michael Niemann, Jeremy B. Rutter, Ilan Sharon, Susan Sherratt, Neil Asher Silberman, and Itamar Singer.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 15 moreAncient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Philistines, Cyprus and the East Mediterranean, Ancient Israel, Sea Peoples, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Cyprus Archaeology, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Cyprus, LHIIIC, Aegean Bronze Age, Philistines, Ancient Israel & Ancient Near East, and Archaeology of Ancient Cyprus
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Israel/Palestine, and 15 moreCrusader Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Archaeological Conservation, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Crusades and the Latin East, Community Archaeology, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Maritime and Underwater Archaeology, Crusader Acre, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Community archaeology and heritage interpretation, Archaeology of the Levant, and Akko
Ancient Israel did not emerge within a vacuum but rather came to exist alongside various peoples, including Canaanites, Egyptians, and Philistines. Indeed, Israel's very proximity to these groups has made it difficult - until now - to... more
Ancient Israel did not emerge within a vacuum but rather came to exist alongside various peoples, including Canaanites, Egyptians, and Philistines. Indeed, Israel's very proximity to these groups has made it difficult - until now - to distinguish the archaeological traces of early Israel and other contemporary groups. Through an analysis of the results from recent excavations in light of relevant historical and later biblical texts, this book proposes that it is possible to identify these peoples and trace culturally or ethnically defined boundaries in the archaeological record. Features of late second-millennium B.C.E. culture are critically examined in their historical and biblical contexts in order to define the complex social boundaries of the early Iron Age and reconstruct the diverse material world of these four peoples. Of particular value to scholars, archaeologists, and historians, this volume will also be a standard reference and resource for students and other readers interested in the emergence of early Israel.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Philistines, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
Interpreting the Past: Presenting Archaeological Sites to the Public: Proceedings of an International Conference on New Approaches and Technologies for Heritage Presentation showcases articles relating to the theory, technologies,... more
Interpreting the Past: Presenting Archaeological Sites to the Public: Proceedings of an International Conference on New Approaches and Technologies for Heritage Presentation showcases articles relating to the theory, technologies, methodologies, and social implications of the public interpretation of archaeological sites, monuments, and historic landscapes in Europe and the Middle East. This volume Includes papers by David Lowenthal, David Batchelor, Ann E. Killebrew, Marc Waelkens/Marc Pollefeys/Luc Van Gool, Pier Giovanni Guzzo, Dirk Callebaut/Marie-Claire Van der Donck, Anton Ervynck, and Neil Silberman.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Public Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Heritage Conservation, and 8 moreHeritage Conservation, Cultural Heritage Management, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, Archaeological Heritage Management, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Archaeological and Heritage Tourism, Heritage Ethics, and Community archaeology and heritage interpretation
This volume offers a cross-disciplinary assessment of First Temple Jerusalem, summarizing and critiquing earlier theories about its status as a religious and political center and presenting previously unpublished archaeological data.... more
This volume offers a cross-disciplinary assessment of First Temple Jerusalem, summarizing and critiquing earlier theories about its status as a religious and political center and presenting previously unpublished archaeological data. Contributors include Yairah Amit, Jane M. Cahill, Israel Finkelstein, Richard Elliott Friedman, Hillel Geva, James K. Hoffmeier, Ann E. Killebrew, Gary N. Knoppers, Gunnar Lehmann, Ronny Reich, J. J. M. Roberts, William M. Schniedewind, Eli Shukron, Neil Asher Silberman, Margreet Steiner, Lynn Tatum, David Ussishkin, Andrew G. Vaughn, and K. Lawson Younger Jr.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Near Eastern Studies, and 15 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Biblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Jerusalem, Ancient Israel, Jerusalem Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Archeology of Ancient Israel, Jerusalem History and Archaelogy, and Jerusalem history and archaeology
This monograph is the final report of a series of salvage excavations which were conducted in the Jericho area from 1975 to 1979. The rescue work was concentrated along the lower slopes of the Judean hills west of the modem city of... more
This monograph is the final report of a series of salvage excavations which were conducted in the Jericho area from 1975 to 1979. The rescue work was concentrated along the lower slopes of the Judean hills west of the modem city of Jericho, where tombs from the Hellenistic and Roman periods were being systematically robbed. In spite of the modest scale of these excavations, this proves to be one of the most significant cemeteries excavated from this period. Due to the excellent state of preservation of many of the organic remains, the tombs have greatly enriched our acquaintance with Jewish burial customs of the period and many aspects of late Second Temple period material culture.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Second Temple Judaism, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Roman Palestine (Archaeology), Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Judaism, Ossuaries, Archaeology of death and burial, Biblical Archaelogy, Archaeology of death, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Jericho
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 15 moreCeramic Analysis (Archaeology), Biblical Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ceramic Petrography, Middle East Archaeology, Pottery Technology, Philistines, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Ancient Kilns
Research Interests:
Near Eastern Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Levantine Archaeology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Biblical Archaeology, and 15 moreMediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Pottery Technology, Philistines, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Late Bronze Age Near East and Eastern Mediterranean, Pottery studies, Ancient Ceramic Technology, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Ancient Kilns, The Philistines and Sea Peoples Cultures, and Ancient Near Eastern Pottery
Recent discoveries of iron production remains in multiple Iron Age sites throughout the Southern Levant indicate the significance of iron production in the region during this time. However, one main question remains unanswered—that is,... more
Recent discoveries of iron production remains in multiple Iron Age sites throughout the Southern Levant indicate the significance of iron production in the region during this time. However, one main question remains unanswered—that is, provenance: Where were the iron resources located? Were they local or brought from afar? Answering these questions would allow great potential for reconstructing iron-ore procurement strategies and exploitation practices in the social, political, and economic context of the Southern Levant in the early 1st millennium BCE. It has long been assumed that iron ore, prevalent in the Earth’s crust, is widely available. However, since high-grade ore was required for the smelting technology of the time, the bloomery process, only selected iron ore deposits in the region were suitable. This study aims to identify and characterize chemically and isotopically enriched iron-ore sources in the Southern Levant. Samples were collected from sedimentary and hydrothermal sources and analyzed for their iron content, trace elements composition, and osmium (Os) isotopic ratios. Here, we present the results of this preliminary investigation, introducing several substantial ore sources in the region and demonstrating the possibility of differentiating between these sources based on their chemical and Os isotopic composition. Finally, hematite objects from selected Iron Age archaeological sites are compared against the analyzed ore sources, showing inconsistency with the sampled ores.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Archaeometry, and 6 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Archaeometallurgy, Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
Renewed excavations on Tel Akko have uncovered evidence of large-scale Phoenician industrial iron smithing during the Persian period (sixth–fourth centuries BCE). It is distinguished not only by the scale of production but also by the... more
Renewed excavations on Tel Akko have uncovered evidence of large-scale Phoenician industrial iron smithing during the Persian period (sixth–fourth centuries BCE). It is distinguished not only by the scale of production but also by the integration of ritual activities with iron smithing. Th is article presents evidence for an iron workers’ cult at Tel Akko—a largely unexplored aspect of
Phoenician religion and cultic practices.
Phoenician religion and cultic practices.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Phoenicians, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 10 moreArchaeometallurgy, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of cult, Archaeology of the Levant, and Phoenician Punic Religion
Napoleon’s famous 1799 defeat at the walls of Ottoman Acre marked a turning point in the French campaign to control the Middle East, an event that lives on in the memory of the citizens of modern Akko. Visitors to the UNESCO World... more
Napoleon’s famous 1799 defeat at the walls of Ottoman Acre marked a turning point in the French campaign to control the Middle East, an event that lives on in the memory of the citizens of modern Akko. Visitors to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Acre, Israel, can follow a walking route exploring several locations that played a key role in Bonaparte’s 1799 siege of the city. In this contribution, we recreate Napoleon’s unsuccessful siege of Acre to examine the role of Tel Akko (“Napoleon’s Hill”) in his defeat. Based on maps dating to the period of the 1799 siege and contemporary eyewitness accounts, we examine the claim that there is no evidence Napoleon ever set foot on Tel Akko. We also employ Esri StoryMaps to present an in-depth investigation and contextualization of Bonaparte’s defeat by British and Ottoman forces, an event which Napoleon, on his deathbed, lamented as the obstacle that prevented his dream of recreating Alexander the Great’s empire.
Research Interests:
Link to online publication: https://hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=26308&mag_id=135 The aim of the Tel Akko pit survey is to map and document according to the artifacts found on the tell the size, density and location... more
Link to online publication: https://hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=26308&mag_id=135
The aim of the Tel Akko pit survey is to map and document according to the artifacts found on the tell the size, density and location of occupation, which spanned the third millennium BCE through the Hellenistic period, as well as the Crusader period. The pit survey includes the crescent-shaped tell and the area to the south, where signs of quarrying are visible on the kurkar outcrops, incorporating a section of the tell in the south that was damaged during the British Mandate period, when archaeological debris was removed to backfill nearby swamps. It was considered that subsurface test pits in this damaged area of the tell would provide a “window” into the stratigraphy of the lower occupation levels of the tell and establish the extent and impact of the modern quarrying activity. Based on the pottery readings from the pit survey, the Persian, Iron Age, Iron/Persian and the Middle Bronze periods—in that order—are the best represented periods on the mound.
The aim of the Tel Akko pit survey is to map and document according to the artifacts found on the tell the size, density and location of occupation, which spanned the third millennium BCE through the Hellenistic period, as well as the Crusader period. The pit survey includes the crescent-shaped tell and the area to the south, where signs of quarrying are visible on the kurkar outcrops, incorporating a section of the tell in the south that was damaged during the British Mandate period, when archaeological debris was removed to backfill nearby swamps. It was considered that subsurface test pits in this damaged area of the tell would provide a “window” into the stratigraphy of the lower occupation levels of the tell and establish the extent and impact of the modern quarrying activity. Based on the pottery readings from the pit survey, the Persian, Iron Age, Iron/Persian and the Middle Bronze periods—in that order—are the best represented periods on the mound.
Research Interests:
Link to online publication: https://hadashot-esi.org.il/Report_Detail_eng.aspx?print=all&id=26309&mag_id=135 Between 2014 and 2019, five targeted regional survey seasons in the Plain of ‘Akko were carried out. The survey, on behalf of... more
Link to online publication: https://hadashot-esi.org.il/Report_Detail_eng.aspx?print=all&id=26309&mag_id=135
Between 2014 and 2019, five targeted regional survey seasons in the Plain of ‘Akko were carried out. The survey, on behalf of the University of Haifa, was co-directed by A.E. Killebrew (Pennsylvania State University, the University of Haifa; photography), J. Quartermaine (Oxford Archaeology [North]; photography) and J.C. Skinner (Pennsylvania State University; photography).
The Plain of ‘Akko Regional Survey (PARS) is a component of the Tel ‘Akko Total Archaeology Project (https://www.telakko.com/).
The survey is a non-intrusive walking survey that takes place in the undeveloped areas in the Plain of ‘Akko with the aim of contextualizing the cultural and environmental interactions between Tel ‘Akko and its hinterland over time. To achieve this goal, PARS utilizes a digital terrain model (DTM), 3D documentation and geographic information science (GIS), combined with a systematic pedestrian survey and the results from previous archaeological surveys. After these initial steps, key areas of interest were visited in 2015. These included Giv‘at Tantur (map ref. 213965/758120), er-Rab‘ain (map ref. 217075/753220) and Adamun (map ref. 217510/752530). Based on these preliminary visits, the survey team determined that Giv‘at Tantur, a forested and relatively undeveloped natural hill 4.5 km east of Tel ‘Akko, was the most promising and environmentally intact area for a case study.
Thus far, the PARS survey team has systematically walked approximately 30% (0.6 sq km) of the eastern half of Giv‘at Tantur. Due to the desire to preserve the archaeological environment and the paucity of ceramics visible on the surface, pottery collection was not a part of this pedestrian survey. Two hundred and eighty-seven sites were documented, representing significantly more sites than identified on this hill in previous surveys.
Between 2014 and 2019, five targeted regional survey seasons in the Plain of ‘Akko were carried out. The survey, on behalf of the University of Haifa, was co-directed by A.E. Killebrew (Pennsylvania State University, the University of Haifa; photography), J. Quartermaine (Oxford Archaeology [North]; photography) and J.C. Skinner (Pennsylvania State University; photography).
The Plain of ‘Akko Regional Survey (PARS) is a component of the Tel ‘Akko Total Archaeology Project (https://www.telakko.com/).
The survey is a non-intrusive walking survey that takes place in the undeveloped areas in the Plain of ‘Akko with the aim of contextualizing the cultural and environmental interactions between Tel ‘Akko and its hinterland over time. To achieve this goal, PARS utilizes a digital terrain model (DTM), 3D documentation and geographic information science (GIS), combined with a systematic pedestrian survey and the results from previous archaeological surveys. After these initial steps, key areas of interest were visited in 2015. These included Giv‘at Tantur (map ref. 213965/758120), er-Rab‘ain (map ref. 217075/753220) and Adamun (map ref. 217510/752530). Based on these preliminary visits, the survey team determined that Giv‘at Tantur, a forested and relatively undeveloped natural hill 4.5 km east of Tel ‘Akko, was the most promising and environmentally intact area for a case study.
Thus far, the PARS survey team has systematically walked approximately 30% (0.6 sq km) of the eastern half of Giv‘at Tantur. Due to the desire to preserve the archaeological environment and the paucity of ceramics visible on the surface, pottery collection was not a part of this pedestrian survey. Two hundred and eighty-seven sites were documented, representing significantly more sites than identified on this hill in previous surveys.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Phoenicians, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 9 moreLevantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Mediterranean archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
Link to online publication: https://hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=26307&mag_id=135 The 2010–2019 excavation seasons at Tel ‘Akko comprise part of the Tel ‘Akko Total Archaeology Project (TATAP), a holistic approach to... more
Link to online publication: https://hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=26307&mag_id=135
The 2010–2019 excavation seasons at Tel ‘Akko comprise part of the Tel ‘Akko Total Archaeology Project (TATAP), a holistic approach to archaeology that encompassed a research-oriented excavation on Tel ‘Akko, an intensive pit survey on the mound, a targeted regional survey in the Plain of ‘Akko, a community outreach program and an innovative field school (see the TATAP website [http://www.telakko.com] for additional summaries and videos).
The preliminary results presented here are based on a limited exposure of Strata A6–A0— dating from the eighth century BCE to modern periods—that have been excavated thus far by the TATAP team. The impact of the post-Hellenistic-period activities on Tel ‘Akko is significant, as, whilst ‘Akko’s population expanded to the areas surrounding the tell in the Persian period and moved westward off the mound during the Hellenistic period, the tell remained in use until modern times (see discussion of Strata A1 and A0 below). This resulted in extensive disturbances to earlier strata, especially Strata A5–A2. The following stratigraphic discussion begins with A6, dated tentatively from the mid-eighth to the mid-seventh centuries BCE; it is the earliest stratum uncovered in our excavation with clear stratigraphic contexts that relate to Dothan’s excavations.
The 2010–2019 excavation seasons at Tel ‘Akko comprise part of the Tel ‘Akko Total Archaeology Project (TATAP), a holistic approach to archaeology that encompassed a research-oriented excavation on Tel ‘Akko, an intensive pit survey on the mound, a targeted regional survey in the Plain of ‘Akko, a community outreach program and an innovative field school (see the TATAP website [http://www.telakko.com] for additional summaries and videos).
The preliminary results presented here are based on a limited exposure of Strata A6–A0— dating from the eighth century BCE to modern periods—that have been excavated thus far by the TATAP team. The impact of the post-Hellenistic-period activities on Tel ‘Akko is significant, as, whilst ‘Akko’s population expanded to the areas surrounding the tell in the Persian period and moved westward off the mound during the Hellenistic period, the tell remained in use until modern times (see discussion of Strata A1 and A0 below). This resulted in extensive disturbances to earlier strata, especially Strata A5–A2. The following stratigraphic discussion begins with A6, dated tentatively from the mid-eighth to the mid-seventh centuries BCE; it is the earliest stratum uncovered in our excavation with clear stratigraphic contexts that relate to Dothan’s excavations.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Phoenicians, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 12 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Phoenician, Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Phoenician and Punic Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
At the ancient site of Akko/Acre, positioned on the northern side of the Haifa Bay, habitation patterns and anchorage locations changed over time. Causes for this are attributed to ecological and geomorphological fluctuations as well as... more
At the ancient site of Akko/Acre, positioned on the northern side of the Haifa Bay, habitation patterns and anchorage locations changed over time. Causes for this are attributed to ecological and geomorphological fluctuations as well as the impact of human processes. The area is influenced by the silt deposited by the River Na’aman, and coastal sedimentation controlled by littoral currents. Akko/Acre is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the area. This article reviews a variety of attempts using ground penetrating radar, electric resistivity tomography, coring, and limited archaeological excavations, to reveal the changing locations of anchorages and harbours, and link these to variations in habitation patterns.
Research Interests:
In the Hebrew Bible, God’s covenant and promise of the Land of Canaan as Abraham’s and his descendants’ eternal inheritance mark the emergence of the people of Israel. But before Abraham’s progeny can take possession of the promised land,... more
In the Hebrew Bible, God’s covenant and promise of the Land of Canaan as Abraham’s and his descendants’ eternal inheritance mark the emergence of the people of Israel. But before Abraham’s progeny can take possession of the promised land, they embark on a detour to Egypt as recounted in Genesis 37–50. Abraham’s grandson Jacob (whom God renames “Israel,” Gen. 32:28) witnesses his favorite son Joseph’s sale into slavery, orchestrated by jealous brothers. The saga, which continues with Joseph’s subsequent rise to a position of power and the migration of Joseph’s brothers to Egypt during a time of famine, serves as a literary bridge to one of the central themes of Israel’s emergence—their ensuing enslavement in Egypt and escape to freedom as described in the book of Exodus. The books of Joshua and Judges continue to tell the story of how the twelve tribes, or “sons” of Israel, after four decades of desert wanderings, conquer the Land of Canaan and settle there. For millennia, this story was taken for granted as a reliable account of the genesis of Israel as a people in its land. However, with the advent of eighteenth- and nineteenth-century post-Enlightenment methods of text criticism and the discovery of contemporary ancient Near Eastern texts and cultures, the historical reliability of the biblical text came into question. Aided by an ever-growing body of archaeological evidence, our understanding of early Israel has been transformed during the past century. This essay will review the theories of Israel’s emergence that have been advanced by critical scholarship, beginning with a critique of the two schools of thought developed during the first half of the twentieth century that use the Exodus story and the books of Joshua and Judges as their starting point. Subsequently, two additional models, utilizing sociological, anthropological, and archaeological approaches, attempted to write a secular history of early Israel largely independent of the biblical account. The essay concludes with recent efforts to reconcile the biblical, extra-biblical textual, and archaeological primary sources, considered together with contemporary sociological and anthropological models to reconstruct Israel’s ethnogenesis.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Biblical Studies, and 10 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
A Chian Straight-Neck amphora with an unusual stamped toe, dating to the third quarter of the fourth century BCE, was excavated at Tel Akko, Israel, in 2015. The stamp impression depicts the profile of a sitting sphinx facing left, with... more
A Chian Straight-Neck amphora with an unusual stamped toe, dating to the third quarter of the fourth century BCE, was excavated at Tel Akko, Israel, in 2015. The stamp impression depicts the profile of a sitting sphinx facing left, with an amphora positioned in front of it. What makes this impression unique is its location on the toe of the vessel rather than the usual placement on the rim, neck, or shoulders of the amphora. Very similar seated sphinxes facing amphoras appear on fourth-century BCE
silver Chian coins. We suggest the contemporaneity of this motif on both Chian amphora stamps and coins indicates a centralized administrative control of measures within a common political-economic context.
silver Chian coins. We suggest the contemporaneity of this motif on both Chian amphora stamps and coins indicates a centralized administrative control of measures within a common political-economic context.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 7 moreAncient numismatics (Archaeology), Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Amphorae (Archaeology), Stamped Amphora handles, Greek transport amphorae, and Archaeology of the Levant
The Plain of Akko Regional Survey (PARS), initiated in 2014, utilizes LiDAR, 3D documentation, photogrammetry, and GIS, combined with a systematic non-intrusive pedestrian survey with the aim of contextualizing the human and environmental... more
The Plain of Akko Regional Survey (PARS), initiated in 2014, utilizes LiDAR, 3D documentation, photogrammetry, and GIS, combined with a systematic non-intrusive pedestrian survey with the aim of contextualizing the human and environmental history of Akko and its interaction with the surrounding hinterland. The survey focused on Givat Tantur, a relatively undeveloped landscape located 4.5 km. east of Tel Akko. During the 2016 and 2017 seasons, approximately 20% of the designated area was surveyed. PARS identified 110 sites, including quarries, lime kilns, tombs, wine presses and other features, which illustrates the effectiveness of this high-resolution approach to documenting the visible evidence of human interaction with the landscape.
Research Interests:
A ninth-century Phoenician mold-made terracotta mask of an idealized, bearded adult male was found recently during archaeological excavations at Tel Akko. Similar masks have been found at other sites in the Levant and on Cyprus. The... more
A ninth-century Phoenician mold-made terracotta mask of an idealized, bearded adult male was found recently during archaeological excavations at Tel Akko. Similar masks have been found at other sites in the Levant and on Cyprus. The context of the Akko mask is a secondary fill in the area of the tel with a long tradition of metalworking. Items recovered with the mask include fragments of figurines and other cult-related items, as well as pottery. This paper provides a discussion of the mask, its archaeological context, and ways in which it may have been used.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Phoenicians, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreCypriot Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Iron Age (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Phoenician Punic Archaeology, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Masks, Cyprus and the East Mediterranean, Phoenician and Punic Studies, Archaeology of the Levant, and Akko
Eighteen samples from amphorae, bricks, roof tiles, hypocaust tiles and water pipes collected on survey at the archaeological site of Küçük Burnaz, and 11 soil/clay samples from the neighboring region were analyzed archaeometrically.... more
Eighteen samples from amphorae, bricks, roof tiles, hypocaust tiles and water pipes collected on survey at the archaeological site of Küçük Burnaz, and 11 soil/clay samples from the neighboring region were analyzed archaeometrically. Their petrographic properties were analyzed by thin section optical microscopy, and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine their chemical composition. Thin section optical microscope analysis was able to distinguish 9 petrographic groups among the 18 samples: 7 groups of amphorae, and 3 groups for the bricks, tiles and pipes.
The provenance of the samples from the bricks, tiles, and pipes was a source with igneous rock. In contrast, the sources for the amphorae were more varied, including metamorphic rock sources for samples in the Pinched Handle group. Provenances were assessed according to the specific geological features of amphora production sites and findspots. In addition, soil samples taken from the clay deposits surrounding Küçük Burnaz were examined petrographically and chemically, and the results were compared with the data obtained from the pottery.
The amphora classified as LRA1 seems to be compatible with samples from other amphorae, and the bricks, tiles, water pipes and clays. The Zemer 41 amphorae in contrast are not compatible with the provenance of the other samples, but instead with Alanya Massif.
The provenance of the samples from the bricks, tiles, and pipes was a source with igneous rock. In contrast, the sources for the amphorae were more varied, including metamorphic rock sources for samples in the Pinched Handle group. Provenances were assessed according to the specific geological features of amphora production sites and findspots. In addition, soil samples taken from the clay deposits surrounding Küçük Burnaz were examined petrographically and chemically, and the results were compared with the data obtained from the pottery.
The amphora classified as LRA1 seems to be compatible with samples from other amphorae, and the bricks, tiles, water pipes and clays. The Zemer 41 amphorae in contrast are not compatible with the provenance of the other samples, but instead with Alanya Massif.
Research Interests:
The origins and ethnogenesis of a cultural entity, people, and territory referred to as "Phoenician" in later biblical and Classical sources and modern scholarship remain a topic of debate. This chapter examines the textual and... more
The origins and ethnogenesis of a cultural entity, people, and territory referred to as "Phoenician" in later biblical and Classical sources and modern scholarship remain a topic of debate. This chapter examines the textual and archaeological sources relevant to the northern and central Levantine littoral during the Proto- (Late Bronze) and Early (Iron I) Phoenician periods (ca. fourteenth-eleventh centuries BCE). What emerges out of the ruins of the Late Bronze Age is a resilient Early Iron Age coastal culture centered on the commercial interactions of maritime city-states, which survived the demise of the Hittite and Egyptian empires, as well as the collapse of international trade at around 1200 BCE. Autochthonous Canaanite traditions dominate Iron I Phoenician cultural assemblages, but intrusive Aegean-style "Sea Peoples" and Cypriot influences are also present. Together they reflect the dynamic interplay of maritime cultural and commercial exchanges characteristic of the northern and central Levantine littoral during the final centuries of the second millennium BCE.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Phoenicians, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, Biblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Iron Age (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Early Iron Age, Phoenician and Punic Studies, and Archaeology of the Levant
This article reviews five recent publications that address aspects of archaeological ceramic analysis. They include: Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook, Second Edition by Prudence M. Rice; The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic... more
This article reviews five recent publications that address aspects of archaeological ceramic analysis. They include: Pottery Analysis: A Sourcebook, Second Edition by Prudence M. Rice; The Oxford Handbook of Archaeological Ceramic Analysis, edited by Alice M.W. Hunt; Ceramics in Archaeology: From Prehistoric to Medieval Times in Europe and the Mediterranean—Ancient Craftsmanship and Modern Laboratory Techniques, by Ninina Cuomo di Caprio; Materiality, Techniques and Society in Pottery Production: The Technological Study of Archaeological Ceramics through Paste Analysis, by Daniel Albero Santacreu; and Ceramics and Society: A Technological Approach to Archaeological Assemblages, by Valentine Roux.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ceramic Technology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ceramics (Archaeology), Ancient Technology (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ceramic Petrography, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Ceramic Ethnoarchaeology, and Archaeology of the Levant
Monumental palatial architecture is a defining feature of ancient Near Eastern and Egyptian urban settlements during the 3rd to 1st millennia BC. These large structures served as royal residences and hubs from where authority was... more
Monumental palatial architecture is a defining feature of ancient Near Eastern and Egyptian urban settlements during the 3rd to 1st millennia BC. These large structures
served as royal residences and hubs from where authority was exercised. Often these multi-roomed complexes encompassed additional activities, as indicated by the presence of administrative and storage facilities, workshops, and ceremonial spaces. They are the physical expression of political, religious, and economic centralisation that typifies the cultures of Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Egypt for much of the Bronze and Iron Ages. In contrast, early 1st millennium Iron II Levantine royal residencies are smaller, free-standing structures that lack the architectural complexity of imperial multifunctional compounds characteristic of Mesopotamian, Anatolian, and Egyptian palaces. This article examines the two local traditions of palatial architecture that emerge in the Levant during the first half of the 1st millennium (Iron Age II).
served as royal residences and hubs from where authority was exercised. Often these multi-roomed complexes encompassed additional activities, as indicated by the presence of administrative and storage facilities, workshops, and ceremonial spaces. They are the physical expression of political, religious, and economic centralisation that typifies the cultures of Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Egypt for much of the Bronze and Iron Ages. In contrast, early 1st millennium Iron II Levantine royal residencies are smaller, free-standing structures that lack the architectural complexity of imperial multifunctional compounds characteristic of Mesopotamian, Anatolian, and Egyptian palaces. This article examines the two local traditions of palatial architecture that emerge in the Levant during the first half of the 1st millennium (Iron Age II).
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 13 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Iron Age, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology of Israel
Spanning the Late Bronze transition and the early Iron Age, the last two centuries of the second millennium BCE are often depicted as a period of societal breakdown following the disintegration of the great Late Bronze Age empires.... more
Spanning the Late Bronze transition and the early Iron Age, the last two centuries of the second millennium BCE are often depicted as a period of societal breakdown following the disintegration of the great Late Bronze Age empires. Excavations in the southern Levant and on Cyprus, combined with extensive provenience studies of ceramics and metals, are elucidating our understanding of this “dark age” that ensued after the collapse of interregional trade networks, which defined the Late Bronze Age. Although the Hittite and Egyptian empires and established elite socio-economic structures suffered devastation, other less centralized polities, including those on Cyprus and several coastal regions of the Levant, survived the crisis and even flourished. In what follows, I examine the evidence for cultural connectivity between these two regions, which encompasses administered trade, informal exchange networks, migration, colonization and other social interactions. It is a relationship that continues long established prior ties, though differs in scope, intensity and intention during the pivotal 12th and 11th centuries BCE.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, and 15 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Aegean Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Philistines, Sea Peoples, and Archaeology of the Southern Levant
Massive migrations have been cited among the possible factors responsible for the destruction of sites throughout the eastern Mediterranean during the final decades of the 13th c. BCE, leading to the political and economic breakdown of... more
Massive migrations have been cited among the possible factors responsible for the destruction of sites throughout the eastern Mediterranean during the final decades of the 13th c. BCE, leading to the political and economic breakdown of Late Bronze Age societies. Conversely, it has been suggested that the demise and decline of the Hittite and New Kingdom Egyptian empires and the accompanying collapse of international trade triggered significant population movements that characterise this period . But what is the material evidence of migration, forced or otherwise, during the 13th and 12th c. BCE in the southern Levant? In an attempt to answer this question and identify migration in the archaeological record either as a point of departure or as a destination, this chapter examines the settlement history of six key Late Bronze Age sites in the region, exploring three sub-questions: First, what is the southern Levantine evidence for forced migration departures during the pivotal 13th and 12th c. BCE? Second, what does the archaeological record reveal regarding the arrival and settlement of displaced populations during or following the upheavals of the Late Bronze Age? Third, what role, if any, did migrations, forced or otherwise, play in the collapse of the Late Bronze Age?
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Forced Migration, Biblical Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Migrations (Archaeology), Aegean Archaeology, End of the Bronze Age, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Philistines, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Bronze Age Collapse
This article describes our experiences of working with Adel Yahya between 2001 and 2006 on the Wye River People-to-People heritage project, a cooperative exploration of Israeli and Palestinian shared pasts. As daunting as the goal of our... more
This article describes our experiences of working with Adel Yahya between 2001 and 2006 on the Wye River People-to-People heritage project, a cooperative exploration of Israeli and Palestinian shared pasts. As daunting as the goal of our project was, it was made all the more challenging as a result of the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Archaeology in the context of turmoil and tragedy is not new, but our task, to examine contentious heritage as common heritage, made real time events an integral part of our discussions. When meeting together in the "Holy Land" became impossible, we managed to do so by traveling to Turkey and the United States. The project focused specifically on the three sites of Akko/Akka/Acre, Beitin/Bethel and Al Jib/Gibeon, and was multiconfessional, multi-national and multi-ethnic—involving Americans, Israeli Jews, Christian, Druze and Muslim Arabs from Israel, and Palestinian and Bedouin Muslims from the West Bank. In addition to examining our historical differences and similarities, the participants on the project hoped to attain a mutual awareness of and respect for each other's perspectives.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Public Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 morePalestine, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Archaeology and politics, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Community Archaeology, Arab-Israeli conflict, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Palestinian archaeology, Community archaeology and heritage interpretation, Archaeology of the Levant, Shared heritage, and Community and Public Archaeology
The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel’s southern coastal plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts and... more
The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel’s southern coastal plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts and attested in lands bordering the Aegean during the second–first millennia BCE, evidence for this practice, or even of dog bones, is largely absent from Late Bronze and non-Philistine Iron I (ca. 1550–1000 BCE) Levantine contexts. What distinguishes the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy interment from later Persian- and Hellenistic-period dog burials, is the placement of its severed head between its hind legs. Microscopic analyses of cut marks on several vertebrae indicate that the iron knife found nearby was likely used in its decapitation. This article examines the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy burial within its eastern Mediterranean milieu and explores the ritual role of dogs and cynophagy (dog-eating) in second–first millennia society.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Zooarchaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreArchaeozoology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Animal Sacrifice (Anthropology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze And Iron Age In Mediterrarranean (Archaeology), Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Dog burials, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Philistines, Sea Peoples, Ritual Animal Sacrifice, Archaeological dogs, and Archaeology of the Southern Levant
Between 2004 and 2009 the Bay of İskenderun Landscape Archaeology and Survey Project conducted six seasons of survey, focusing on the Issos, İskenderun, and Arsuz Plains. In the course of our work, 200 archaeological sites were documented... more
Between 2004 and 2009 the Bay of İskenderun Landscape Archaeology and Survey Project conducted six seasons of survey, focusing on the Issos, İskenderun, and Arsuz Plains. In the course of our work, 200 archaeological sites were documented in this previously under-explored region of Cilicia. Our surveys revealed that two neighboring sites, Dutlu Tarla and Dağılbaz Höyük, served as the principal settlements in the İskenderun Plain during most of the Bronze and Iron Ages. Considered together, they dominated the human landscape of this region for nearly three millennia. In our contribution in honor of Marie-Henriette and Charles Gates, we present the results of our investigation at these two sister sites and their role in the İskenderun Plain. We also critique the various approaches we employed during the course of our investigations
at these sites, which included both extensive and intensive survey methodologies.
at these sites, which included both extensive and intensive survey methodologies.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, and 15 moreSurvey (Archaeological Method & Theory), Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Cilicia, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, Archaeological survey, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Archaeology in Turkey, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology of Turkey
Recent research has approached the biblical narrative of the Exodus as a production of cultural memory or mnemohistory, defined as historical memory where folklore, ethnic self-fashioning, and literary artistry converge. What has been... more
Recent research has approached the biblical narrative of the Exodus as a production of cultural memory or mnemohistory, defined as historical memory where folklore, ethnic self-fashioning, and literary artistry converge. What has been lacking in these pivotal studies of historical memory is the impact of forced migration, in this case resulting from enslavement in Egypt, on the formation of the Exodus story. In contemporary studies of forced migration narratives, personal memories often coalesce with narratives of others, drawing on earlier accounts of deracination, and include ideology, religion, or myth to explain and provide hope. In narratives of modern displacement, such as those of Palestinian or Armenian refugees, a collective memory of the homeland and an epic quest to return serves as a regenerative force in the preservation of memory and identity over time and distance. Recognizing the importance and relevance of current research into displacement memories will doubtlessly open new avenues and a more nuanced analysis of displaced groups and the ethnogensis of identity. Approaches that combine memory studies, diaspora studies, and refugee studies are especially promising venues of future analyses of the Exodus narrative. As a timeless story of forced migration, enslavement, return, and redemption, the biblical account of the Exodus from Egypt, rising from the ruins of the Late Bronze Age world, will remain an enduring symbol of hope and redemption for displaced peoples in the past, present, and future.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Slavery, Biblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Ancient Israel, Ancient Slavery, Refugees and Forced Migration Studies, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, and New Kingdom Egypt
The international significance of Akko’s heritage is best illustrated by the inscription of two UNESCO World Heritage sites in this town of just over 55,000 people. This article describes three projects that focus on the concept of a... more
The international significance of Akko’s heritage is best illustrated by the inscription of two UNESCO World Heritage sites in this town of just over 55,000 people. This article describes three projects that focus on the concept of a shared heritage at a World Heritage site in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, diverse town situated in a region that continues to experience ongoing religious and ethnic conflict. The most recent, and still ongoing, effort to balance archaeology and community interests is the Tel Akko Total Archaeology Project. While attempting to incorporate community building through archaeology and dialog, the Total Archaeology approach described here aims for a socially just and inclusive archaeology that will benefit local community stakeholders rather than disenfranchise them. It also emphasizes the need for local perspectives and experiences to play an active role in the interpretation of the past.
Research Interests:
Near Eastern Archaeology, Public Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Community Archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Public ArchaeologyPublic Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Community archaeology and heritage interpretation, Archaeology of the Levant, Akko, Community and Public Archaeology, Community Outreach, Archaeology, Unesco World Heritage Site, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology, and Shared cultural heritage
This Forum discussion aims to explore the topic of repatriation from a variety of viewpoints considering twenty-first century realities in the region. The contributions fall into three main categories addressing general background... more
This Forum discussion aims to explore the topic of repatriation from a variety of viewpoints considering twenty-first century realities in the region. The contributions
fall into three main categories addressing general background matters, presenting case studies and offering future directions. We hop that the differing perspectives assembled in this issue of JEMAHS will contribute to the ongoing debate regarding repatriation, curation and ownership of artifacts, some now housed far from their places of origin.
fall into three main categories addressing general background matters, presenting case studies and offering future directions. We hop that the differing perspectives assembled in this issue of JEMAHS will contribute to the ongoing debate regarding repatriation, curation and ownership of artifacts, some now housed far from their places of origin.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Museum Studies, Cultural Heritage, and 14 moreAnatolian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Repatriation (Archaeology), Archaeological Heritage Management, Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Museum and Heritage Studies, Protection of Cultural Heritage from Illicit Trafficking, Repatriation of Antiquities, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Museum Studies and Cultural management, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology and Museology, and Cultural Heritage and Museum Studies
The Philistines, best known in the biblical account as one of pre-monarchic Israel’s most implacable enemies, are among the new peoples that emerge from the ruins of the Late Bronze Age. In the early twelfth century BCE, they first appear... more
The Philistines, best known in the biblical account as one of pre-monarchic Israel’s most implacable enemies, are among the new peoples that emerge from the ruins of the Late Bronze Age. In the early twelfth century BCE, they first appear as the Peleset (p-r-s-t) in ancient New Kingdom Egyptian texts dating to the Twentieth Dynasty, most notably in the account of Ramesses III’s year-eight campaign depicted on the walls of his early twelfth-century BCE mortuary temple at Medinet Habu. Archaeologically, they make their debut during the first half of the twelfth century BCE, where their distinctive Aegean-style material culture serves as an ethnic marker of Philistine presence or influence. The results of excavations during the past half century provide a rich database of primary evidence regarding many aspects of the Philistines.
Analyses of both the literary and the archaeological evidence reveal a dynamic process of interaction over time between the Philistines and their neighbors, highlighting customs and traditions that differ dramatically from the preceding Late Bronze Age material culture and the neighboring Iron Age cultures of the southern Levant.
Analyses of both the literary and the archaeological evidence reveal a dynamic process of interaction over time between the Philistines and their neighbors, highlighting customs and traditions that differ dramatically from the preceding Late Bronze Age material culture and the neighboring Iron Age cultures of the southern Levant.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreEgyptian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Early Iron Age, Philistines, Cyprus and the East Mediterranean, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
The final centuries of the second millennium BC represent a transformative period in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East. Memorialized in fragmentary recollections of a golden age of great kings and heroes in Homer’s Iliad, the Late... more
The final centuries of the second millennium BC represent a transformative period in the eastern Mediterranean and Near East. Memorialized in fragmentary recollections of a golden age of great kings and heroes in Homer’s Iliad, the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1550 – 1200 BC) witnessed the rise of the Hittite and New Kingdom Egyptian empires and the development of the world’s first age of internationalism and global economy. The closing decades of the Bronze Age mark a major turning point in history that was characterized by the decline of Egyptian power, the demise of the Mycenaean palace system on mainland Greece, and the collapse of the Hittite empire. This catastrophe is expressed in the destruction of numerous Late Bronze Age centers and the breakdown of centralized administrative and economic structures, including the cessation of large-scale international trade as revealed in the archaeological evidence. In the wake of this widespread crisis, a mosaic of local cultures and peoples emerges from the ruins of the Bronze Age. Of these groups, the so-called Sea Peoples have been portrayed variously as a catalyst or a casualty of the Late Bronze Age collapse. Instead, they should be understood as one of the “winning” groups that emerge most successfully from this transformative period.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Cypriot Archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Aegean Archaeology, End of the Bronze Age, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Philistines, Sea Peoples, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Aegean, Cypriot & East Mediterranean Archaeology, and Archaeology of the Levant
This publication appears in Oxford Bibliographies:
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195393361/obo-9780195393361-0216.xml
https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/view/document/obo-9780195393361/obo-9780195393361-0216.xml
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Biblical Studies, and 14 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Canaanite, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology and History of the Land of the Bible, Archaeology of the Levant, Bible and Archaeology, and Bible History and Archaeology
The 2013–2014 excavation seasons at Tel Akko entailed excavation, pedestrian survey of the mound, a multi-faceted landscape survey of the Akko Plain, and a community outreach program. Highlights include the discovery of iron working... more
The 2013–2014 excavation seasons at Tel Akko entailed excavation, pedestrian survey of the mound, a multi-faceted landscape survey of the Akko Plain, and a community outreach program. Highlights include the discovery of iron working smithies dating to the Persian period and new insights regarding Tel Akko and its environs.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Landscape Archaeology, Phoenicians, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Community Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, LiDAR for Landscape Archaeology, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Community archaeology and heritage interpretation, Archaeology of the Levant, Community-based archaeology, Akko, Akko Plain, and 3D Documentation In Archaeology
On August 14, 1990, during the final hour of the last day of nearly a decade of excavations at ancient Qasrin, a hoard of over 8,500 bronze coins was discovered. At the time of its discovery, this hoard was the third largest ever... more
On August 14, 1990, during the final hour of the last day of nearly a decade of excavations at ancient Qasrin, a hoard of over 8,500 bronze coins was discovered. At the time of its discovery, this hoard was the third largest ever discovered within the boundaries of the state of Israel. We are especially pleased to present the preliminary report on this hoard in honor of Rachel Hachlili, who co-directed excavations with Zvi Ma'oz and Ann E. Killebrew in the Qasrin synagogue from 1982–1984.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Late Antique Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 15 moreAncient Near East, Ancient numismatics (Archaeology), Roman Palestine (Archaeology), Late Antique Art and Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Late Roman and Early Byzantine Syria-Palestine, Coin Hoards, Ancient Coins, Synagogues, Golan Heights, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Roman Palestine, Byzantine Palestine, ancient Synagogues, and Jewish archaeology
Aegean-style Late Helladic IIIC pottery unearthed in 12th century B.C. contexts at sites associated with the Philistine "Pentapolis cities" (Ekron, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath and Gaza: Joshua 13, 2–3) heralds the initial appearance of this... more
Aegean-style Late Helladic IIIC pottery unearthed in 12th century B.C. contexts at sites associated with the Philistine "Pentapolis cities" (Ekron, Ashdod, Ashkelon, Gath and Gaza: Joshua 13, 2–3) heralds the initial appearance of this group of newcomers. During the past half century, stylistic analyses of this distinctive ceramic assemblage have played a dominant role in traditional interpretations regarding the chronology and origins of the Philistines. More recent technological studies indicate that this locally produced LH IIIC pottery and its related assemblages at Ekron and elsewhere in Philistia are a result of "relocation diffusion", a process induced by significant migrations of peoples, including potters, to Canaan’s southern coastal plain. This is in contrast to other means of dissemination of Late Helladic III technologies to the east, which can be attributed to more gradual and multi-directional processes of contact and exchange, such as trade, emulation, or limited population movements.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, Aegean Bronze Age (Bronze Age Archaeology), Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Archaeology, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Pottery Technology, Philistines, Cyprus and the East Mediterranean, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Sea Peoples, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Aegean, Cypriot & East Mediterranean Archaeology, Archaeology of the Levant, Pottery production technology, Mycenaean Culture, Bronze Figures, Late Helladic IIIC, LHIIIC, Aegean Bronze Age, Philistines, and Aegean-style pottery
Some cities were imagined, designed, and created wholly or partially in ways that forever shaped their histories and the identities, governments, religions, and economies of their citizens. These include the great cities of Jerusalem,... more
Some cities were imagined, designed, and created wholly or partially in ways that forever shaped their histories and the identities, governments, religions, and economies of their citizens. These include the great cities of Jerusalem, Baghdad, and Cahokia. They also include other imperial capitals (similar to Baghdad), lesser territorial centers, and religious complexes and pilgrimage centers (such as Jerusalem and Cahokia). Whatever they were and however they developed later in time, the details of their founding, along with the momentous and monumental constructions that redesigned or redefined various sectors within them make them case studies in the historical processes surrounding cities and their regional and continental effects. Here, we seek to outline the commonalities, juxtaposed against the distinguishing features, of Jerusalem, Baghdad, and Cahokia in ways that draw out those processes. The multi-layered “eternal” city of Jerusalem, imperial Baghdad silenced for centuries before reemerging in the twentieth century, precocious Cahokia virtually evaporating in history: What was it about the creation of these places that transcended their histories? What was different in each case, such that their developmental outlines diverged? Comparisons with other cities will help us to focus on the reasons for such similar processes and divergent histories.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), and 11 moreMiddle Eastern Archaeology, Jerusalem, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Cities, Middle eastern cities, Middle East Archaeology, Jerusalem Archaeology, Historic cities, Ancient Cities, Archaeology of Cities, and Cities in the Ancient Near East
Jerusalem, in stone and imagination, is unique as a holy city of the world’s three monotheistic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. For many, both past and present, Jerusalem is imagined as an eternal future utopia, a vision... more
Jerusalem, in stone and imagination, is unique as a holy city of the world’s three monotheistic religions – Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. For many, both past and present, Jerusalem is imagined as an eternal future utopia, a vision that embodies national redemption, the reign of justice, peace, and religious fulfilment. At the same time, throughout Jerusalem’s contested history, it has been at the center of fierce political, social, and religious conflict.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Jerusalem, Middle East Archaeology, Jerusalem Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Palestinian archaeology, History of Jerusalem, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Israel, Archaeology of Jerusalem, and Bible History and Archaeology
This Forum, devoted to alternative careers for archaeologists—and many in archaeology—illustrates the variety of occupations for which the training of an advanced degree in archaeology can prepare one. In many respects, career prospects... more
This Forum, devoted to alternative careers for archaeologists—and many in archaeology—illustrates the variety of occupations for which the training of an advanced degree in archaeology can prepare one. In many respects, career prospects for archaeologists are more diverse—and possibly more rewarding—than ever before as the essays in this Forum will amply illustrate. Their experiences offer a veritable smorgasbord of possi-bilities, directly or indirectly related to archaeology, and often addressing larger twenty-first-century social, as well as scholarly, goals.Sabrina Higgins and
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreCypriot Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Greek Archaeology, Aegean Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Classics: Ancient History and Archaeology, Biblical Archeology, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Alternative Academic Careers
For over five millennia, Akko served as a major urban and maritime center located on the Mediterranean’s Levantine coast. The tell, located east of the modern city of Akko, was inhabited from the Early Bronze Age into the Hellenistic... more
For over five millennia, Akko served as a major urban and maritime center located on the Mediterranean’s Levantine coast. The tell, located east of the modern city of Akko, was inhabited from the Early Bronze Age into the Hellenistic period. By the middle of the Hellenistic period, however, settlement had shifted from the mound towards the natural Bay of Akko, under what is now the UNESCO World Heritage site of Old Acre and the adjacent modern city. The first series of excavations under the direction of Moshe Dothan (1973-1989), which remain largely unpublished, revealed remains dating to the Early Bronze through Hellenistic periods. Renewed excavations on Tel Akko commenced in 2010 under the co-direction of Ann E. Killebrew and Michal Artzy. The current project incorporates an integrated, ‘total archaeology’ approach to the region’s heritage past and present. Our goals at Tel Akko, today a municipal park, include: (1) an intensive survey of the mound and documentation of previous unpublished excavations conducted by Dothan; (2) the investigation of Bronze and Iron Age Akko and its role as the major Canaanite and Phoenician urban center in the Plain of Akko; (3) the development of Akko/Ptolemais and the impact of empire during the late Iron (Assyrian), Persian, and Hellenistic periods; (4) the development of new documentation technologies; and (5) a state-of-the-art field school that incorporates excavation, survey, GIS, on-site conservation, underwater archaeology, and community outreach. The preliminary results of the 2010, 2011, and 2012 excavation and survey seasons, a presentation of the project’s innovative, state-of-the art 3D documentation system, and an overview of the project’s approach to Akko’s tangible and intangible heritage are the focus of this paper.
Research Interests:
Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Photogrammetry, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 14 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Acre-Akko-Akka, Archaeology of the Levant, Akko, New Technologies in Archaeology, GIS, Photogrammetry, and 3D Documentation In Archaeology
Questions regarding the identity and ethnicity of the hapiru and other peoples known from second millennium BCE Near Eastern literature have been at the forefront of scholarly debate for well over a century. Western Asia, often considered... more
Questions regarding the identity and ethnicity of the hapiru and other peoples known from second millennium BCE Near Eastern literature have been at the forefront of scholarly debate for well over a century. Western Asia, often considered to be the cradle of civilization, comprises the large landmasses of Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and the geographically fragmented Levant. The latter, forming the easternmost littoral of the eastern Mediterranean, served as a cross-cultural land bridge connecting the great empires of Egypt, Mesopotamia, and Anatolia, and was incorporated into these imperial spheres of influence throughout much of its history. The abundance of textual and archaeological evidence for western Asia provides a particularly rich assemblage of primary sources for the study of peoples, ethnicity, and their material culture expressions of identity in the ancient world. Among the most challenging to define are groups such as the Amorites, hapiru, and Aramaeans, who are often described in Near Eastern texts as semi-nomadic entities or peoples residing outside the framework of settled second millennium BCE societies. They have proven to be especially difficult to identify in the archaeological record. Other peoples, including the Canaanites, Israelites, and Philistines, who also appear in contemporary Near Eastern texts but are best known from the biblical account, have left a more distinctive, though at times ambiguous, archaeological footprint.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Archaeology of ethnicity, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Cultural hybridity, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology and Ethnicity
As archaeologists continue to adopt geographic information systems and computer-aided design software packages to record and store spatial data, excavations have begun to forgo hand-drawn plans in favor of digital recording. The purpose... more
As archaeologists continue to adopt geographic information systems and computer-aided design software packages to record and store spatial data, excavations have begun to forgo hand-drawn plans in favor of digital recording. The purpose of this article is to present two case studies that have successfully utilized digital drafting techniques to create architectural plans at multiple scales. The first presents on-site 2d and 3d documentation at the site of Tel Akko, Israel, at the square, field, and tell scales. The second study combines orthophotos and legacy data to create an accurate site plan of Qasrin on the Golan Heights. Both harness image-based modeling to produce 2d and 3d spatial data in order to produce top plans with unprecedented spatial accuracy.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Photogrammetry, Landscape Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreArchaeological GIS, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, 3d Modeling, 3D GIS, 3D Visualization, 3D modeling, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Acre-Akko-Akka, Archaeology of the Levant, and Israel Archaeology
Pages 1–5 in The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of the Levant c.8000–332 BCE, ed. M. L. Steiner and A. E. Killebrew. Oxford Handbooks in Archaeology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern History, Lebanon, Syria, Israel and Palestine (History and Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Ancient Near East, Ancient Syria, and Archaeology of Israel
The end of the Bronze Age ( c. 1200–1130 BCE) witnessed the demise of the Mycenaean palace system and the decline of the Late Bronze Age Hittite and Egyptian Empires, culminating in the collapse of the first ‘Age of Internationalism’ in... more
The end of the Bronze Age ( c. 1200–1130 BCE) witnessed the demise of the Mycenaean palace system and the decline of the Late Bronze Age Hittite and Egyptian Empires, culminating in the collapse of the first ‘Age of Internationalism’ in the eastern Mediterranean. This Late Bronze ‘golden age of heroes’, romantically immortalized in the Iliad , is defined by economic, political, and cultural interconnectivity that was under the control of imperial networks and local royal palaces. Early scholarly treatments attributed the end of this era to a catastrophe or series of disasters—natural or man-made—that destroyed major Late Bronze Age centres. In this scenario, these destructions triggered migrations of displaced peoples, especially populations in the western Aegean. These groups, often referred to by the modern term ‘Sea Peoples’, were held responsible for the devastation of Late Bronze Age settlements further to the east that resulted in a ‘dark age’ lasting centuries— a view that still prevails among some Aegeanists, particularly when dealing with the Levant. Recent studies reveal a far more complex network characterized by multidirectional cultural and socioeconomic interconnections that preceded and coincided with a more protracted demise of the Bronze Age that continued into the 12th century BCE. Continuity, discontinuity, change, appropriation, diffusion, creolization, hybridity, transculturalism, interculturality, catastrophe, collapse, crisis, dislocation, migration, colonization, ethnogenesis, nucleation, reoccupation, abandonment, and a new term I have proposed, Levantinism are all descriptive terms that have been employed to characterize the instability and fluidity of the late 13th–11th centuries as evidenced in the archaeological record and reflected in the economic, political, and social structures of this period of time.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreCypriot Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Late Bronze Age, Philistines, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, and Late Bronze to Iron Age transition
Israel, as a person, people, region, and kingdom, plays a prominent role in the biblical narrative. Israel (literally ‘struggles with God’) is first mentioned in the Bible as an alternative name given to Jacob aft er he wrestled with an... more
Israel, as a person, people, region, and kingdom, plays a prominent role in the biblical narrative. Israel (literally ‘struggles with God’) is first mentioned in the Bible as an alternative name given to Jacob aft er he wrestled with an angel (Gen. 32: 28–9). It also appears as a collective name for the twelve sons of Jacob (the ‘Children of Israel’), the eponymous founders of the twelve tribes who traced their ancestry back to Jacob (Gen. 32: 32; 49: 16, 28; Exod. 1:9). According to the Bible, following the rebellion of the northern tribes (House of Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh) and the tribes of Galilee and Transjordan) against Solomon’s successor, Rehoboam, ‘Israel’ is used to distinguish them from the southern tribes (Judah, Simeon, and Benjamin) that remained loyal to the house of David (e.g. 1 Kgs. 12). The archaeology of Israel as a regional territory, also referred to as the northern kingdom, is the topic of this chapter.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Late Iron Age (Archaeology), Iron Age (Archaeology), Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Iron Age, Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology of Israel
Biblical Archaeology Review 39, no. 6 (November/December)
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Archaeology is a destructive discipline, and, unfortunately, the majority of methods employed by archaeologists to record and preserve the archaeological record consist of two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional (3D)... more
Archaeology is a destructive discipline, and, unfortunately, the majority of methods employed by archaeologists to record and preserve the archaeological record consist of two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional (3D) subjects. Recent breakthroughs in 3D technology, however, have the potential to revolutionize the discipline. In recent years, multiple software suites capable of generating spatially accurate, photo-realistic 3D models with a series of digital photographs have become available. Following a successful season of field testing in 2011, the Tel Akko Total Archaeology Project (Akko, Israel) expanded the use of Agisoft’s PhotoScan Pro—one of the commercially available software suites—to test the accuracy and suitability of the program for archaeological applications at multiple scales. After two years of field testing, it is clear that the implementation of PhotoScan Pro in archaeology facilitates unprecedented accuracy in field recording and digital heritage management, and provides a new outlet for the dissemination of archaeological data.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, 3D GIS, and 15 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Studies, 3d Modeling, Ancient Israel, 3D GIS, 3D Visualization, 3D modeling, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Digital Photogrammetry, Archaeology of the Levant, New Technologies in Archaeology, and 3D Documentation In Archaeology
First discovered in 1860, the monumental structure at Qazion and its late second-century CE Greek dedicatory inscription by Galilean Jews have been a focal point of scholarly debate. Did this building serve as a synagogue for the local... more
First discovered in 1860, the monumental structure at Qazion and its late second-century CE Greek dedicatory inscription by Galilean Jews have been a focal point of scholarly debate. Did this building serve as a synagogue for the local community or was it a Roman temple constructed by Jews to honor Septimius Severus and his family? This article presents the results of the Hachlili and Killebrew archaeological survey of the Qazion cultic complex and a new interpretation of this site located on the border of Jewish and pagan Galilee.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Roman History, Jewish Studies, and 15 moreNear Eastern Studies, Roman Religion, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Roman Palestine (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Septimius Severus, Synagogues, Ancient Near Eastern Religions, Roman imperial cult, Emperor worship and Roman religion, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Roman Archaeology
Despite the ever expanding archaeological record, the origins, identity, and material manifestations of the Sea Peoples and their role in the eastern Mediterranean world during the thirteenth and twelfth centuries b.c.e. remain elusive.... more
Despite the ever expanding archaeological record, the origins, identity, and material manifestations of the Sea Peoples and their role in the eastern Mediterranean
world during the thirteenth and twelfth centuries b.c.e. remain elusive. The textual and archaeological evidence leaves no doubt that the major political powers of this period—the Hittites and Egyptians—experienced a profound crisis during the transition from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age, resulting in the decline or dissolution of these great powers. Symptomatic of this reconfiguration of the eastern Mediterranean at the end of the Late Bronze Age is the disappearance or interruption of highly specialized Bronze Age writing systems and recording traditions (e.g., Linear B, Hittite cuneiform, Ugaritic, and/or Akkadian) that coincided with the crumbling centralized administrative
and economic structures. The resulting localized networks are characterized by decentralized systems, a trend that is reflected in well-defined regional variations in Iron I material culture assemblages. As a result, the eastern Mediterranean region succumbed to a gradual process of political, economic, social, and cultural fragmentation. Corresponding with the deterioration of the Late Bronze Age ancien régime, “ethnically” defined groups begin to appear in contemporary and later texts. These include various Sea Peoples groups, most notably the Philistines, as well as later Iron Age peoples such as the Phoenicians, Israelites, Aramaeans, Moabites, and others, whose traditional geographical territories often correspond to regionally defined archaeological assemblages.
world during the thirteenth and twelfth centuries b.c.e. remain elusive. The textual and archaeological evidence leaves no doubt that the major political powers of this period—the Hittites and Egyptians—experienced a profound crisis during the transition from the Late Bronze to the Iron Age, resulting in the decline or dissolution of these great powers. Symptomatic of this reconfiguration of the eastern Mediterranean at the end of the Late Bronze Age is the disappearance or interruption of highly specialized Bronze Age writing systems and recording traditions (e.g., Linear B, Hittite cuneiform, Ugaritic, and/or Akkadian) that coincided with the crumbling centralized administrative
and economic structures. The resulting localized networks are characterized by decentralized systems, a trend that is reflected in well-defined regional variations in Iron I material culture assemblages. As a result, the eastern Mediterranean region succumbed to a gradual process of political, economic, social, and cultural fragmentation. Corresponding with the deterioration of the Late Bronze Age ancien régime, “ethnically” defined groups begin to appear in contemporary and later texts. These include various Sea Peoples groups, most notably the Philistines, as well as later Iron Age peoples such as the Phoenicians, Israelites, Aramaeans, Moabites, and others, whose traditional geographical territories often correspond to regionally defined archaeological assemblages.
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Near Eastern Studies, and 15 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Cypriot Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Mediterranean archaeology, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern History, Philistines, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, and Sea Peoples
The search for the biblical Philistines has provided previously unanticipated insights into one of the most pivotal periods of time, namely, the demise of the Late Bronze “Age of Internationalism,” and the ensuing cultural and political... more
The search for the biblical Philistines has provided previously unanticipated insights into one of the most pivotal periods of time, namely, the demise of the Late Bronze “Age of Internationalism,” and the ensuing cultural and political fragmentation of the eastern Mediterranean region.The discovery of five twelfth-century BCE pottery kilns in Field INE at Tel Miqne-Ekron, used in the firing of monochrome-decorated and other Aegean-style pottery, is key to our understanding of production of this very distinctive repertoire. In the article, I briefly summarize the relevant stratigraphic sequence at Tel Miqne-Ekron, including a short overview of the basic ceramic assemblages associated with each major phase, as a prelude to the focus of this chapter—Philistine ceramic technology. The technology employed to produce this distinctive ceramic assemblage is examined with an emphasis on the clay sources, clay recipes, and firing techniques used to produce this pottery at Tel Miqne-Ekron.The Philistine ceramic production sequence is then contextualized and compared with earlier millennia-long indigenous potting techniques in the southern Levant. Lastly, I consider the broader regional implications of these results for our understanding of the transition from the Late Bronze to Iron I periods.
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Near Eastern Archaeology, Pottery (Archaeology), Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ceramic Analysis (Archaeology), Biblical Archaeology, and 15 moreLate Bronze Age archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Petrographic Analysis of Ceramics, Late Bronze Age, Early Iron Age, Pottery Technology, Philistines, Pottery technology and function, Archaeology of the Levant, Pottery production technology, LHIIIC, Aegean Bronze Age, Philistines, Ancient Kilns, LHIIIC, The Philistines and Sea Peoples Cultures, and Aegean-style pottery
When Jerusalem first appears in biblical history, it is a location unaffiliated with any individual Israelite tribe. In the Bible, Jerusalem is described as a Jebusite settlement, conquered and chosen by David to be the capital of his... more
When Jerusalem first appears in biblical history, it is a location unaffiliated with any individual Israelite tribe. In the Bible, Jerusalem is described as a Jebusite settlement, conquered and chosen by David to be the capital of his newly united kingdom. In the three thousand years that separate the modern city from David’s settlement on the southeastern spur of Mount Moriah, Jerusalem is a contested city, considered sacred by the world’s three monotheistic faiths: Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Its spiritual significance encompasses past, present and future. In this paper, I reassess the evidence and present the major highlights of recent archaeological discoveries near the Temple Mount during the First and Second Temple periods.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Near Eastern Studies, and 15 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Jerusalem, Ancient Near Eastern History, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Jerusalem Archaeology, History of Jerusalem, and Archaeology of Jerusalem
Near Eastern Archaeology 74: 116–119.
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During the 2009 survey season in the Plain of Iskenderun, a storage jar handle with a seal impression bearing Anatolian hieroglyphic signs was found on the lower western slopes of Dağılbaz Höyük (Site 45), located located near the Kişla... more
During the 2009 survey season in the Plain of Iskenderun, a storage jar handle with a seal impression bearing Anatolian hieroglyphic signs was found on the lower western slopes of Dağılbaz Höyük (Site 45), located located near the Kişla Köy village southeast of the modern city of İskenderun. The impression, which is quite well preserved, belongs to a flat, round stamp seal. It consists of five Anatolian hierglyphic signs in two columns and dates to 15th–14th centuries BCE. This would indicate that in the İskenderun Plain the adoption of the Anatolian hieroglyphic script predates the Syrian campaigns of the Great King Šuppiluliuma I to the region and is not directly connected to the installation of the imperial provincial administration south of the Taurus Mountains.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, and 15 morePottery (Archaeology), Anatolian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cilicia, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Anatolia, Anatolian and the Near Eastern Archaeology, Anatolian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology, and Anatolian Hieroglyphic
This article summarizes the results of the 2009 Mopsos Project in the Bay of Iskenderun, Eastern Cilicia.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Anatolian Studies, and 12 moreLandscape Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cilicia, Anatolian Archaeology (Archaeology), Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Anatolia, Ancient Near Eastern History, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Survey archaeology, and Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology
During the excavation in the industrial area of Deir el-Balah, four kilns and a potters' workshop area were uncovered. These four kilns and potters' workshop date to the Late Bronze IIB and were used in the local production of Egyptian-... more
During the excavation in the industrial area of Deir el-Balah, four kilns and a potters' workshop area were uncovered. These four kilns and potters' workshop date to the Late Bronze IIB and were used in the local production of Egyptian- and Canaanite-style 13th century pottery.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern History, Middle East Archaeology, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Israel, Pottery kilns, Prehistoric pottery kilns, Archaeology of the Levant, and Ancient Kilns
Two studies (pre-1979 and post-1979) were undertaken to determine by means of chemical analysis the provenience of a selection of ceramic artifacts from Deir el-Balah. These studies followed an earlier analysis of... more
Two studies (pre-1979 and post-1979) were undertaken to determine by means of chemical analysis the provenience of a selection of ceramic artifacts from Deir el-Balah. These studies followed an earlier analysis of anthropoid clay coffins. What this set of analyses revealed was that all the Egyptian-style pottery examined was in fact of local origin.
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Egyptian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Ancient Egyptian History, Ancient Near Eastern History, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Ancient Egyptian Pottery, History and Archaeology of Canaan, New Kingdom Pottery, Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA), and Pottery Technology and Provenance
This chapter presents the Late Bronze IIB (13th) Canaanite ceramic assemblage from Deir el Balah. Ceramic types are arranged in the following order: open unrestricted vessels (kraters and cooking pots); closed restricted vessels from... more
This chapter presents the Late Bronze IIB (13th) Canaanite ceramic assemblage from Deir el Balah. Ceramic types are arranged in the following order: open unrestricted vessels (kraters and cooking pots); closed restricted vessels from small to large (juglets, jugs, flasks and jars); and lastly miscellaneous shapes (lamps, cups-and saucers, mugs and local imitations of imported vessels). This typological discussion begins with kraters, since all the bowls found at Deir el-Balah have been discussed in the chapter on Egyptian-style pottery (Chapter 2), though it should be stressed that most of these bowl types are common at Late Bronze Age IIB sites throughout Canaan. All the kraters are discussed in the present chapter; however, it should be noted that they display some Egyptianizing features, such as rope pattern designs on the bodies of the vessels.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Pottery (Archaeology), and 15 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Egypt and Canaan, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern History, Middle East Archaeology, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Pottery Analysis, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
This report presents the results of the 1985–1987 excavations in Field INE: Areas 5, 6, 7 (The Bronze and Iron Ages Text and Data Base: Plates, Sections, Plans).
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 8 moreBiblical Archaeology, Late Bronze Age archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Philistines, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
This report presents the results of the 1984 excavations in Field INE/SE (Text and Data Base: Plates, Sections, Plans
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Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 6 moreAncient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
Near Eastern Archaeology 71: 179–180.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 140.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 139–140.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 136–137.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 135.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 135.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 134.
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Religious Studies Review 33: 134.
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Religious Studies Review 32: 119.
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Religious Studies Review 32: 119.
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Religious Studies Review 32: 118–119.
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Near Eastern Archaeology 63: 59–60.
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Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Medieval Archaeology, Crusader Archaeology, and 14 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, History of the Crusades, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Akko, and Archaeology of Israel
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 12 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology of Israel
Research Interests:
Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 13 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Bible and Archaeology, and Archaeology of Israel
Research Interests:
Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Israel, and Bible History and Archaeology
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 14 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Bible and Archaeology, Archaeology of Israel, and Bible History and Archaeology
Encyclopedia of the Bible and its Reception 1: 446-448
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History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 11 moreBiblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Bible, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Hebrew Bible/Old Testament
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History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Qumran, Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Bone Tools, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology of Israel
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History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Qumran, Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Levant, The Dead Sea Scrolls, and Dead Sea archaeology
Research Interests:
History, Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 15 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Qumran, Dead Sea Scrolls, Qumran Archaeology, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Israel, Archaeology of Qumran, Archaeology, Dead Sea Scrolls, The archaeology of Israel during the Hellenistic, Roman and Byzantine, and Dead Sea archaeology
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History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Qumran, Dead Sea Scrolls, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Israel, Archaeology, Dead Sea Scrolls, and Dead Sea archaeology
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 12 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Roman Baths (Archaeology), Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Baths and bathing culture, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Roman baths, Archaeology of the Levant, and ancient Greek and Roman baths
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 7 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Middle East Archaeology, Archaeology and Development, Archaeology of the Levant, and Archaeology of Israel
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 12 moreBiblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Middle Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of the Near East, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Levant, Ancient Furniture, and Archaeology of Israel
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Late Antique Archaeology, Israel/Palestine, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Roman Palestine (Archaeology), Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Golan Heights, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of Israel, ancient Synagogues, and Jewish archaeology
Research Interests:
Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Late Antique Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Roman Palestine (Archaeology), Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Late Roman and Early Byzantine Syria-Palestine, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Golan Heights, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Levant, Byzantine Palestine, and Jewish archaeology
In memory of Rachel Hachlili
Research Interests:
Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Biblical Studies, Second Temple Judaism, and 13 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Hellenistic Roman and Byzantine Archaeology in the Land of Israel, Roman Near East, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Synagogues, Second Temple Period, Jewish Art History, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and ancient Synagogues
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Archaeology, Classical Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 7 moreLevantine Archaeology, Anatolian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Bronze and Iron Ages in Eastern Mediterranean (Archaeology), Archaeology of the Southern Levant, and Archaeology of the Levant
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Biblical Archaeology Review 39, no. 6 (November/December)
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Science 297 (5580): 315-316.
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and heritage studies, vol. 6, nos. 1–2, 2018 Copyright © 2018 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Ken Holum, esteemed historian, beloved teacher, and valued friend and colleague, lost his battle with pancreatic cancer... more
and heritage studies, vol. 6, nos. 1–2, 2018 Copyright © 2018 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Ken Holum, esteemed historian, beloved teacher, and valued friend and colleague, lost his battle with pancreatic cancer on September 20, 2017. He was best known to archaeologists as the dedicated director of the University of Maryland's archaeological program at Caesarea in Israel and, under Ken’s expert hand, invaluable research was conducted at that important site. The discoveries of the palace of Herod the Great, the temple built by Herod and dedicated to Augustus, the amphitheater of Herod the Great, Caesarea’s Byzantine church, and the city’s massive Roman harbor are the archaeological legacy of the Combined Caesarea Expeditions, to which Ken devoted so much of his career working alongside his Hebrew University and University of Haifa colleagues Joseph Patrich and the late Avner Raban. For more than four decades, Ken was a professor of late antique history in the Department of History at the University of Maryland. In addition, as those who knew him are well aware, he was a prolific and outstanding scholar. His authored and co-authored books, edited volumes, and many articles attest to his wide-ranging interests. Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late Antiquity; Shaping the Middle East: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in an Age of Transition, 400-800 C.E.; The Greek and Latin Inscriptions of Caesarea Maritima; Caesarea Maritima: A Retrospective after Two Millennia, among many other titles, are a testament to Ken’s erudition in his chosen fields. Ken was especially appreciated by JEMAHS as one of the first members of our board and an enthusiastic supporter of the journal, copies of which he displayed proudly on his coffee table. Both of us knew Ken for many years. We will miss his enthusiasm for eastern Mediterranean archaeology. We will miss his good advice and, most of all, his spirited conversation. As an active participant in national, local, and university affairs, Ken was a good, though by no means uncritical, citizen of his country and his university. Nevertheless, it was also clear that he had a particular affection for the land he explored for so many years. Inevitably, we associate Ken with Israel, where he and Marsha spent almost every summer for decades—until 2017 when Ken’s illness struck. And, of course, we associate him with the unparalleled site of Caesarea. In the Caesarea exhibition book King Herod's Dream: Caesarea on the Sea, Ken and his fellow authors include the poem “To Caesarea,” in their epilogue, the last lines of which are:
Research Interests:
History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Jerusalem, Ancient Near Eastern History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Middle East Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Excavation, Jerusalem Archaeology, History of Jerusalem, Archaeology of Jerusalem, and Mount
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History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 15 moreAnatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cilicia, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Anatolia, Anatolian and the Near Eastern Archaeology, Impression, Bay, Anatolian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology, and Anatolian Hieroglyphic
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The Plain of Akko Regional Survey (PARS), initiated in 2014, utilizes LiDAR, 3D documentation, photogrammetry, and GIS, combined with a systematic non-intrusive pedestrian survey with the aim of contextualizing the human and environmental... more
The Plain of Akko Regional Survey (PARS), initiated in 2014, utilizes LiDAR, 3D documentation, photogrammetry, and GIS, combined with a systematic non-intrusive pedestrian survey with the aim of contextualizing the human and environmental history of Akko and its interaction with the surrounding hinterland. The survey focused on Givat Tantur, a relatively undeveloped landscape located 4.5 km. east of Tel Akko. During the 2016 and 2017 seasons, approximately 20% of the designated area was surveyed. PARS identified 110 sites, including quarries, lime kilns, tombs, wine presses and other features, which illustrates the effectiveness of this high-resolution approach to documenting the visible evidence of human interaction with the landscape.
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The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel's southern coastal plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts... more
The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel's southern coastal plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts and attested in lands bordering the Aegean during the second–first millennia BCE, evidence for this practice, or even of dog bones, is largely absent from Late Bronze and non-Philistine Iron I (ca. 1550–1000 BCE) Levantine contexts. What distinguishes the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy interment from later Persian- and Hellenistic-period dog burials, is the placement of its severed head between its hind legs. Microscopic analyses of cut marks on several vertebrae indicate that the iron knife found nearby was likely used in its decapitation. This article examines the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy burial within its eastern Mediterranean milieu and explores the ritual role of dogs and cynophagy (dog-eating) in second–first millennia society.
Research Interests:
History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 15 moreArchaeozoology, Biblical Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Sacrifice, Iron Age, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Dogs, Dog burials, Philistines, Sea Peoples, Ritual Animal Sacrifice, Archaeological dogs, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Puppy, and Late Bronze Age Early Iron Age
and heritage studies, vol. 6, nos. 1–2, 2018 Copyright © 2018 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Ken Holum, esteemed historian, beloved teacher, and valued friend and colleague, lost his battle with pancreatic cancer... more
and heritage studies, vol. 6, nos. 1–2, 2018 Copyright © 2018 The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA Ken Holum, esteemed historian, beloved teacher, and valued friend and colleague, lost his battle with pancreatic cancer on September 20, 2017. He was best known to archaeologists as the dedicated director of the University of Maryland's archaeological program at Caesarea in Israel and, under Ken’s expert hand, invaluable research was conducted at that important site. The discoveries of the palace of Herod the Great, the temple built by Herod and dedicated to Augustus, the amphitheater of Herod the Great, Caesarea’s Byzantine church, and the city’s massive Roman harbor are the archaeological legacy of the Combined Caesarea Expeditions, to which Ken devoted so much of his career working alongside his Hebrew University and University of Haifa colleagues Joseph Patrich and the late Avner Raban. For more than four decades, Ken was a professor of late antique history in the Department of History at the University of Maryland. In addition, as those who knew him are well aware, he was a prolific and outstanding scholar. His authored and co-authored books, edited volumes, and many articles attest to his wide-ranging interests. Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Dominion in Late Antiquity; Shaping the Middle East: Jews, Christians, and Muslims in an Age of Transition, 400-800 C.E.; The Greek and Latin Inscriptions of Caesarea Maritima; Caesarea Maritima: A Retrospective after Two Millennia, among many other titles, are a testament to Ken’s erudition in his chosen fields. Ken was especially appreciated by JEMAHS as one of the first members of our board and an enthusiastic supporter of the journal, copies of which he displayed proudly on his coffee table. Both of us knew Ken for many years. We will miss his enthusiasm for eastern Mediterranean archaeology. We will miss his good advice and, most of all, his spirited conversation. As an active participant in national, local, and university affairs, Ken was a good, though by no means uncritical, citizen of his country and his university. Nevertheless, it was also clear that he had a particular affection for the land he explored for so many years. Inevitably, we associate Ken with Israel, where he and Marsha spent almost every summer for decades—until 2017 when Ken’s illness struck. And, of course, we associate him with the unparalleled site of Caesarea. In the Caesarea exhibition book King Herod's Dream: Caesarea on the Sea, Ken and his fellow authors include the poem “To Caesarea,” in their epilogue, the last lines of which are:
Research Interests:
Research Interests:
History, Archaeology, Stratigraphy, Art, Architecture, and 3 morePottery, Religious Studies, and Excavation
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Research Interests:
The international significance of Akko's heritage is best illustrated by the inscription of two UNESCO World Heritage sites in this town of just over 55,000 people. This article describes three projects that focus on the concept of a... more
The international significance of Akko's heritage is best illustrated by the inscription of two UNESCO World Heritage sites in this town of just over 55,000 people. This article describes three projects that focus on the concept of a shared heritage at a World Heritage site in a multi-ethnic, multi-religious, diverse town situated in a region that continues to experience ongoing religious and ethnic conflict. The most recent, and still ongoing, effort to balance archaeology and community interests is the Tel Akko Total Archaeology Project. While attempting to incorporate community building through archaeology and dialog, the Total Archaeology approach described here aims for a socially just and inclusive archaeology that will benefit local community stakeholders rather than disenfranchise them. It also emphasizes the need for local perspectives and experiences to play an active role in the interpretation of the past.
Research Interests:
History, Near Eastern Archaeology, Public Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, and 14 moreSyro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Mediterranean archaeology, Community Archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Public ArchaeologyPublic Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Community archaeology and heritage interpretation, Archaeology of the Levant, Akko, Community and Public Archaeology, Unesco World Heritage Site, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology, and Shared cultural heritage
Research Interests:
History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 15 moreAnatolian Studies, Anatolian Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Cilicia, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology of Anatolia, Pottery Archaeology, Anatolian and the Near Eastern Archaeology, Anatolian Hieroglyphic Inscriptions, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology, and Anatolian Hieroglyphic
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Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Biblical Studies, Biblical Archaeology, and 14 moreHebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Jerusalem, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Ancient Israel, Jerusalem Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, History of Jerusalem, Archaeology of the Levant, History of Ancient Israel, Bible and Archaeology, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Israel, Bible History and Archaeology, and Jerusalem history and archaeology
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2021, Artzy M., Jol H., Giaime M., Salmon Y., López G. I., Abu-Hamid A., Morhange C., Kaniewski D., Bauman P., Killebrew A. K., The Effects of Coastline and River Changes on Anchorages, Harbors and Habitation Patterns: the case of Akko,... more
2021, Artzy M., Jol H., Giaime M., Salmon Y., López G. I., Abu-Hamid A., Morhange C., Kaniewski D., Bauman P., Killebrew A. K., The Effects of Coastline and River Changes on Anchorages, Harbors and Habitation Patterns: the case of Akko, in Under the Mediterranean I: Studies in Maritime Archaeology, S. Demesticha et L. Blue (eds.), sidestone press, pp. 267-278.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Jewish Studies, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreLevantine Archaeology, Biblical Studies, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Jerusalem, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Israel, Jerusalem Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, History of Jerusalem, Archaeology of the Levant, History of Ancient Israel, Bible and Archaeology, and Bible History and Archaeology
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The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel’s southern plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts and attested... more
The discovery of a sacrificed puppy at Tel Miqne-Ekron, a major Philistine settlement in Israel’s southern plain, highlights the role of dogs in Iron I Philistia. Though dog sacrifice is described in Hittite religious texts and
attested in lands bordering the Aegean during the second–first millennia BCE, evidence for this practice, or even of dog bones, is largely absent from Late Bronze and non-Philistine Iron I (ca. 1550–1000 BCE) Levantine contexts. What distinguishes the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy interment from later Persian- and Hellenistic-period dog burials, is
the placement of its severed head between its hind legs.Microscopic analyses of cut marks on several vertebrae indicate that the iron knife found nearby was likely used in its decapitation. This article examines the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy burial within its eastern Mediterranean
milieu and explores the ritual role of dogs and cynophagy (dog-eating) in second–first millennia society.
attested in lands bordering the Aegean during the second–first millennia BCE, evidence for this practice, or even of dog bones, is largely absent from Late Bronze and non-Philistine Iron I (ca. 1550–1000 BCE) Levantine contexts. What distinguishes the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy interment from later Persian- and Hellenistic-period dog burials, is
the placement of its severed head between its hind legs.Microscopic analyses of cut marks on several vertebrae indicate that the iron knife found nearby was likely used in its decapitation. This article examines the Tel Miqne-Ekron puppy burial within its eastern Mediterranean
milieu and explores the ritual role of dogs and cynophagy (dog-eating) in second–first millennia society.
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Virtual reality (VR) and multimedia are central components of the heritage presentation programme at Ename, Belgium. These techniques are designed to help the visitor understand and experience the past as revealed through archaeological... more
Virtual reality (VR) and multimedia are central components of the heritage presentation programme at Ename, Belgium. These techniques are designed to help the visitor understand and experience the past as revealed through archaeological and historical research. The programme uses different VR approaches to bring to life archaeological remains, standing monuments and elements of the historical landscape for visitors. We named the overall project “Ename 974” to commemorate the foundation date of the first mediaeval settlement. Its major aim is to communicate new insights about archaeology, history and conservation to the general public, paying great attention to scholarly accuracy and by means of multimedia technologies. Among the most important of these technologies are on-site virtual reconstructions, museum multimedia and educational projects. Since 1998, the Ename Centre for Public Archaeology and Heritage Presentation has served as an international extension of the Ename 974 project. Its goal is to develop new technologies and new standards for heritage presentation. It also coordinates heritage presentation projects and educational programmes for partner sites around the world
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Engineering, History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, and 10 moreCultural Heritage, Multimedia, Cultural Heritage Conservation, Ancient Near East, Cultural Heritage Management, Ancient Near East (Archaeology), Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, Virtual Reality, New Technology, and Ancient Near Eastern Studies
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Page 1. Archaeologically Based Heritage Formulation in Overtly Politicised Environments Ann E. Killebrew, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States At the seventieth annual meeting of ...
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Page 1. 15 Public exposure: for better and for worse © UNESCO 1998 Public exposure: for better and for worse Racheli Merhav and Ann E. Killebrew What is the concrete, visible, day-to-day impact on sites and artefacts of the increasing... more
Page 1. 15 Public exposure: for better and for worse © UNESCO 1998 Public exposure: for better and for worse Racheli Merhav and Ann E. Killebrew What is the concrete, visible, day-to-day impact on sites and artefacts of the increasing influx of cultural tourists? ...
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Photogrammetry, Landscape Archaeology, Levantine Archaeology, and 12 moreArchaeological GIS, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Ancient Near East, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Middle East Archaeology, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, and Israel Archaeology
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Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Cypriot Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, and 12 moreAegean Archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Philistines, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Israel, Aegean Late Bronze Age Pottery, Archaeology of the eastern Mediterranean, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, History and Archaeology of Canaan, Archaeology of the Levant, Pottery Archaeology, and Late Helladic IIIC Mycenean IIIC
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 14 moreEgypt and Canaan, Middle Eastern Archaeology, Ancient Egypt, Middle East Archaeology, Pottery Technology, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, History of Ancient Israel, Late Bronze Age Pottery, Pottery Archaeology, New Kingdom Pottery, New Kingdom Egyptian Ceramics, and Egypt in Canaan
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Near Eastern Archaeology, Islamic Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Late Antique Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, and 14 moreAncient Near East, Early Islamic Archaeology, Islamic pottery, Ceramic Petrography, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Pottery Technology, Pottery technology and function, Petrography, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Bibical archaeology, Pottery Archaeology, and Thin Section Analyses on Ceramics
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Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Ancient Near East, Ancient Egyptian History, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, and 15 morePetrographic Analysis of Ceramics, Ancient Egypt, Pottery Technology, Pottery technology and function, Ancient Israel, Neutron Activation Analysis, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Late Bronze Age Levant and new kingdom Egypt, Archaeology of the Levant, Ceramic Analysis Archaeology, Pottery Archaeology, Thin Section Analysis, Egypt in Canaan, Provenience Studies on Clay for Pottery, and Thin Section Analyses on Ceramics
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Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Cultural Heritage Conservation, and 11 moreCultural Heritage Management, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Israel, Presentation of Archaeology to the Public, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Archaeology of the Levant, Conservation Management, Archaeology and tourism, Tourism and Archaeology, and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
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Management, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Cultural Heritage, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, and 15 moreCrusader Archaeology, Biblical Archaeology, Cultural Heritage Management, Interpretation, Archaeology and politics, Cultural Heritage and Tourism, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Archaeological Site Management, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Display, Archaeology of the Levant, Archaeology and tourism, Politics and archaeology, Archaeological Sites Conservation, and ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND MANAGEMENT
ABSTRACT The ratios of the stable isotopes of carbon (13C/12C) and oxygen (18O/16O) in calcite in clays that contain carbonate and that were fired at temperatures between 500 and 700 °C displayed a good correlation with the firing... more
ABSTRACT The ratios of the stable isotopes of carbon (13C/12C) and oxygen (18O/16O) in calcite in clays that contain carbonate and that were fired at temperatures between 500 and 700 °C displayed a good correlation with the firing temperature for both isotopes. The isotopic composition indicated that the original carbonate was either completely decomposed or that it exchanged with environmental CO2 to obliterate the original isotopic signature. The isotopic effects seem to be kinetically controlled. The isotope thermometer is used to compare refiring temperatures of pottery which was fired under controlled conditions. The differences between calculated and actual temperatures did not exceed 132 °C and in most cases was about 50 °C or less. Isotopic analysis of pottery from Tel Miqne‐Ekron and Deir el Balah, dated to the 13th–12th centuries BC, gave an average ancient firing temperature of about 600 °C. If shown to be of general validity, then perhaps this technique can be used also for estimating preparation temperatures of ancient mortar, especially when preserved in dry climates where later changes would be minimized.
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Ancient History, Archaeology, Near Eastern Archaeology, Near Eastern Studies, Photogrammetry, and 15 moreArchaeology of Ancient Israel, Levantine Archaeology, Syro-Palestinian archaeology, Ancient Near East, Heritage Management, Digital Photogrammetry applied to Archaeology, Field Archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Ancient Near Eastern Studies, Ancient Israel, Archaeology of the Southern Levant, Digital Photogrammetry, Archaeology of the Levant, New Technologies in Archaeology, and Agisoft PhotoScan
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Archaeology, Archaeology of Ancient Israel, Ancient Near Eastern archaeology, History and Archaeology of the Ancient Near East, Second Temple Period, and 7 moreAncient Israel, Archaeology of the Levant, Shroud of Turin, Jewish archaeology, Archeology of Ancient Israel, Archaeological Evidence of Jericho, and Early Roman period in Jericho
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... Rechercher / Search. Titre du document / Document title. Jewish Funerary Customs During the Second Temple Period, in the Light of the Excavations at the Jericho Necropolis Auteur(s) / Author(s). HACHLILI R. ; KILLEBREW A. ; Résumé /... more
... Rechercher / Search. Titre du document / Document title. Jewish Funerary Customs During the Second Temple Period, in the Light of the Excavations at the Jericho Necropolis Auteur(s) / Author(s). HACHLILI R. ; KILLEBREW A. ; Résumé / Abstract. Le cimetière juif de Jéricho. ...