Open

Based on high quality surgery and scientific data, scientists and surgeons are committed to protecting patients as well as healthcare staff and hereby provide this Guidance to address the special issues circumstances related to the exponential spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) during this pandemic. As a basis, the authors used the British Intercollegiate General Surgery Guidance as well as recommendations from the USA, Asia, and Italy. The aim is to take responsibility and to provide guidance for surgery during the COVID-19 crisis in a simplified way addressing the practice of surgery, healthcare staff and patient safety and care. It is the responsibility of scientists and the surgical team to specify what is needed for the protection of patients and the affiliated healthcare team. During crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the responsibility and duty to provide the necessary resources such as filters, Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) consisting of gloves, flui...

This book investigates how interaction design can support people’s participation in museums and exhibition venues. It does so by presenting and analysing three case studies that took place in Ateneum Art Museum, Kunsthalle (Taidehalli) and the Design Museum from 2005 to 2008.
Salgado proposed the concept of ecology of participation to better understand and make use of content creation and sharing in the museums. Participation needs to be grounded on existing resources, people and practices at the museum. The interactive pieces deployed in the museums provide an arena for exploration of different multimedia resources and creative means to connect with the material in the exhibition.
This analysis is positioned in the context of Interaction Design; however, it combines Museum Studies and Museum Informatics to provide an understanding of the problematic from the museum point of view. The work includes recommendations for museums such as collaborating with other stakeholders, promoting community-created content and trusting the community.

In this paper we present an alternative view of Open Educational Resources (OERs). Rather than focusing on open media resources produced by expert practitioners for use by peers and learners, we examine the practice of learners as active agents, producing open media resources using the devices in their pockets: their mobile phones. In this study, students are the producers and operate simultaneously as legitimate members of the YouTube community and producers of educational content for future cohorts. Taking an Action ...

The serotonin (5-HT) system plays a key role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders including mood and anxiety disorders. A role for serotonin in stress-related disorders is further supported by the fact that clinically effective treatments for these disorders alter serotonergic neurotransmission. The therapeutic potential of serotonergic pharmacological interventions has resulted in a variety of preclinical approaches to study the serotonin system. Of these, the stress-induced hyperthermia (SIH) paradigm has been extensively used to study the serotonin system at a preclinical level. The SIH response uses the transient rise in body temperature in response to a stressor which can be reduced using anxiolytic drugs including benzodiazepines, CRF receptor antagonists and serotonergic ligands. The present review aims to discuss the acute and chronic effects of 5-HT ligands on the SIH response. Also, the SIH response in genetically modified mice that lack or overexpress specific ...

The field of English for specific purposes (ESP), which addresses the communicative needs and practices of particular professional or occupational groups, has developed rapidly in the past forty years to become a major force in English language teaching and research. ESP draws its strength from an eclectic theoretical foundation and a commitment to research-based language education which seeks to reveal the constraints of social contexts on language use and the ways learners can gain control over these. In this chapter, I will briefly point to some of the major ideas and practices that currently influence ESP, focusing on needs analysis, ethnography, critical approaches, contrastive rhetoric, social constructionism, and discourse analysis. I then go on to look briefly at some of the effects ESP has had on language teaching and research, arguing that it has encouraged teachers to highlight communication rather than language, to adopt a research orientation to their work, to employ collaborative pedagogies, to be aware of discourse variation, and to consider the wider political implications of their role. Together these features of ESP practice emphazise a situated view of literacy and underline the applied nature of the field.

Incisional hernia is a common long-term complication of abdominal surgery. Historically the open repair with or without mesh was the mainstay of treatment. However, many recently published laparoscopic repair studies have challenged surgeons to re-evaluate which technique provides the best short and long-term outcomes. A Medline search of all English-language literature was performed using the keywords 'incisional', 'ventral', 'hernia', 'laparoscopic', and 'open'. Further references were obtained by cross-referencing the bibliography in each paper. Current evidence suggests that the laparoscopic incisional hernia repair is the optimal surgical treatment. A laparoscopic repair appears to shorten hospital stay, decrease perioperative complication rates, and decrease recurrence rates. However, there is no randomized trial utilizing a standardized complication grading system making it difficult to draw a definitive conclusion as to which repair is...

Abstract: The hypothalamus is commonly believed to play only a subordinated role in schizophrenia. The present review attempts at condensing findings of the last two decades showing that hypothalamus is involved in many pathways found disturbed in ...

One of the assumptions that some members of the museum community share is the benefit of opening the museum for new audiences and sharing roles of curatorship together with these audiences. In this essay I unravel the background of this assumption and draw points for future consideration related to the idea of open.
An open museum is an ideal that seems new and revolutionary, in the context of such traditional institutions as museums. However, researchers in museum studies have long considered their contribution as openers of new opportunities, but they used a different vocabulary. In the museum community, inclusion and accessibility are already established values that museums pursue. Inclusion focused on people and participation on practices. So, are we proposing something new while talking about open in this community, or it is only a way to update the vocabulary? Thus, the main question of this essay is what is the innovation that we refer while referring to an open museum. The answer to this question aims to clarify also the assumptions that the museum community shares related to openness.
I argue for the need to embrace inclusion and participation as pillars that support the open museum not only because these are already approved values, but because they can bring to the discussion around openness the necessary background and possibilities for sustainability. It is in tracing the path from participative and inclusive practices that an open culture within the museums will emerge.

— This paper describes some of the challenges that exist to make accessible massive open online courses (MOOCs) on Geographical Information Systems (GIS). These courses are known by the generic name of Geo-MOOCs. A MOOC is an online course that is open to the general public for free, which causes a massive registration. A GIS is a computer application that acquire, manipulate, manage, model and visualize geo-referenced data. The goal of a Geo-MOOC is to expand the culture of spatial thinking and the use of geographic information, enabling geospatial web technologies for widespread use. However, the Geo-MOOCs, by nature, have inherent problems of accessibility. The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD), Article 24, recognize the right of persons with disabilities to education. “States Parties must ensure that persons with disabilities are able to access general tertiary education, vocational training, adult education and lifelong learning without discrimination...

Corticotomy-assisted orthodontic treatment is an established and efficient orthodontic technique that has recently been studied in a number of publications. It has gradually gained popularity as an adjunct treatment option for the orthodontic treatment of adults. It involves selective alveolar decortication in the form of decortication lines and dots performed around the teeth that are to be moved. It is done to induce a state of increased tissue turnover and a transient osteopenia, which is followed by a faster rate of orthodontic tooth movement. This technique has several advantages, including faster tooth movement, shorter treatment time, safer expansion of constricted arches, enhanced post-orthodontic treatment stability and extended envelope of tooth movement. The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive review of the literature, including historical background, contemporary clinical techniques, indications, contraindications, complications and side effects.

Abstract: Objective: To delineate the incidence, outcome impact, and clinical predictors of prolonged mechanical ventila-tion (PMV) after adult aortic arch repair requiring deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (AAR-DHCA) Aims: (1) To determine the incidence of PMV after AAR–DHCA. (2) To ...

Microvesicles which are pinched off the cell membrane can be considered extracellular organelles which medi- ate interaction between distal cells. They were suggested to play an important role in many diseases including autoim- mune disorders, however, standard methods for their assessment have not yet been decided upon while their clinical rele- vance and the underlying mechanisms are yet unclear. We present a pilot study results involving atomic force microscope (AFM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the material isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and from synovial fluid of patients with psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, which is expected to contain microve- sicles. Micrographs reveal in the samples isolated from blood the presence of globular and tubular structures which are most probably microvesicles while the identity of grain-like structures isolated from synovial fluid remains obscure. To the best of our knowledge the AFM and SEM ima...

This paper explores the commonalties of architecture and systems design, using the notion of open planning. The practice of open planning is explored as a way of preserving the strength and conceptual integrity of a design concept while at the same time keeping it open for evolving and changing requirements, and of interpreting and handling constraints in innovative ways. A small case of cooperative prototyping is used for examining in how far this notion of openness can be made fruitful for the design of computer systems. Four aspects are discussed: the role of inspirational objects, the relevance and difficulties of working along themes, extending the notion of placeholders to systems design, and the need for open and rich forms of communication.