eGovernance

LONG before the national broadband network (NBN) project that
uncovered the ZTE scandal in 2007, there was the TOPWeb (The Office
of the President Web) controversy in 1996. It resulted in a clamor from
the information technology (IT) industry for a comprehensive
investigation into the integrity of other large-scale government IT
projects.

Blum-Blum-Shub (BBS) is a less complex pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that requires very large modulus and a squaring operation for the generation of each bit, which makes it computationally heavy and slow. On the other hand, the concept of elliptic curve (EC) point operations has been extended to PRNGs that prove to have good randomness properties and reduced latency, but exhibit dependence on the secrecy of point P. Given these pros and cons, this paper proposes a new BBS-ECPRNG approach such that the modulus is the product of two elliptic curve points, both primes of length, and the number of bits extracted per iteration is by binary fraction. We evaluate the algorithm performance by generating 1000 distinct sequences of 10 6 bits each. The results were analyzed based on the overall performance of the sequences using the NIST standard statistical test suite. The average performance of the sequences was observed to be above the minimum confidence level of 99.7 percent and successfully passed all the statistical properties of randomness tests.

This paper identifies limitations of existing two eGovernance services viz. railway ticket booking and passport service in India. The comparison has been made as to how in the past these two citizen services were operating manually and how these services are taken online via e-Governance. Different e-Governance projects, investment aspects, and role of corporate are discussed. For Indian Railway online ticketing a comparison has been made between state run booking website and popular private firm run booking websites. For passport service, observations through personal visit to passport center is described. Suggestions are made to improve these services further to improve citizen service experiences. Keywords—e-Governance, citizen services, Indian Railways, passport.

There is scarcely any aspect of government activity that does not involve the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). The EU has supported the building of digital infrastructures and the sharing of best practices on efficient delivery of e-government services for the last 15 years. One of the goals of the EU Digital Action Plan was to increase the take-up of e-government services by 50% of citizens and 80% of businesses by 2015.

The introduction of digitalised procedures also affects the budgetary field. Scholars address ICT applications used for budgetary functions, procedures, or services across the budgetary cycle (planning, programming, budgeting, appropriations, control, and evaluation of financial resources), using the term 'e-budgeting'.

e-budgeting refers to the digitalisation of budgetary procedures, the diffusion of Open Data (i.e. the diffusion of budgetary information to the public in an open format) and Big Data (i.e. the use of complex databases of budgetary information to inform policy-making).

One of the most distinctive features of e-budgeting (and e-government in general) is that it promotes an active role for citizens and civil society organisations. A diffuse movement of activists and civil society organisations champions the use of digital technologies within public decision-making procedures to enhance citizens' participation and to control governmental activities.

This theoretical research paper makes use of past research on the topic of e-governance in an attempt to investigate the critical components of an e-governance system. This research began in an effort to add to the current model of e-governance. It proposes a conceptual framework comprised of the critical components of egovernance and lays them out in four stages. This proposed
framework is primarily intended for use in a university context.

A mögöttünk lévő mintegy negyed évszázadban a közigazgatással foglalkozó szakemberek, kutatók jelentős részére valamilyen mértékben hatással volt az a jelenség, amelyet sokféleképpen, de talán leggyakrabban eKormányzatnak nevezünk. Vitán felül áll, hogy a technológiai fejlődés jelentős mértékben megváltoztatta nem csak a közigazgatást és annak működését, hanem azt a viszonyrendszert is, amely az állam és annak polgárai között fennáll. Ezt a jelenséget – a technológia igazgatási folyamatokra gyakorolt hatását – sokan, sokféleképpen vizsgálták és vizsgálják. Egyesek rendszeralkotással kísérleteznek, mások definíciókat alkotnak, és vannak, akik a jelenség hatásait elemzik. Mindezek eredményeként mára a hazai és nemzetközi szakirodalom olyan mértékben kibővült, amely szinte elképzelhetetlen volt 20-30 évvel ezelőtt. Azt sem szabad elfelejteni, hogy a tudományos kutatás eszközei is jelentős mértékben fejlődtek, ugyanennek a technológiai evolúciónak a hatására. A kutatás alapvető szabályai azonban nem változtak, és a modellalkotás, a definíciók tisztázása, valamint a kutatási területek fejlődési irányainak összefoglalása napjainkban is fontos alapját képezik a további építkezésnek. Czékmann Zsolt eddigi tudományos munkássága során is arra törekedett, hogy a gyorsan változó jelenségek mellett figyelmet fordítson az alapvető törvényszerűségek feltárására, és az eKormányzat témakörével összefüggő, rendszerezhető tudás összefoglalására. Ennek a szintetizáló munkának az egyik kiváló eredményét tartja kézben az olvasó, amelyet bizonyosan haszonnal forgathat majd bárki, aki tudományos igényű betekintést kíván nyerni az eKormányzat világába.

Csáki-Hatalovics Gyula Balázs

ICT has revolutionized the world and has brought profound impact on the social and development of global economy. It looks into the innovation and any application of technology to improve governance for better service delivery. E-Governance is strategic application of ICT by a government to create a better environment which is comfortable, transparent and less costly for interacting between citizens, business and governments. Nepal started E-Governance initiative in last few years only and some of the ministries and government sector are enjoying E-Governance practices, but a large mass of citizens are still away from it. In this paper we have analyzed the current practices of E-Governance in Nepal, by conducting a survey based on semi structured interviews for both government officials and employees through visit to ministries and government offices. We then identify the challenges and implementations barriers for e-Governance implementation in Nepal. Finally strategies and solutions for successful e-governance implementations are recommended.

This work aims to examine, -with statistics and information-  the versatility and overall need of management and businesses through eGovernment.

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Η παρούσα εργασία, που αποτελεί βιβλιογραφική μελέτη, και έχει ως στόχο την εξέταση, -με πίνακες, στατιστικά στοιχεία και πληροφορίες- της πολύπλευρης και συνολικής προσφοράς στη διοίκηση και στην διευκόλυνση πολιτών και επιχειρήσεων μέσα από την ηλεκτρονική διακυβέρνηση.

En los últimos años hemos visto la expansión de políticas de transparencia y datos abiertos en diversos gobiernos de la región, bajo la corriente de Gobierno Abierto. Gobiernos de todo el mundo han elevado sus niveles de transparencia, en gran parte gracias a la presión impuesta por la sociedad civil, el periodismo y la ciudadanía en general. Sin embargo, la transparencia de los datos no es lo mismo que la transparencia en los procesos de gobierno. Un gobierno puede abrir información sobre sus gastos o contrataciones, pero eso nada nos dice sobre cómo se llevó a cabo ese proceso o si se cumplieron las partes del “contrato”. Generar mayores niveles de transparencia en los procesos de un gobierno (asignación de subvenciones, contrataciones, licitaciones, etc.) significa elevarnos un escalón más en el camino hacia una mayor accountability. En el siguiente trabajo se analizan las implicancias del blockchain sobre las actividades de gobierno, en especial para la transparencia y el Gobierno Abierto. Para ello, analizaremos la experiencia llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Bahía Blanca (Argentina), en la cual se ha utilizado esta tecnología para dar mayor transparencia y confianza a la entrega de subsidios culturales del municipio. El paper realiza un análisis conceptual sobre blockchain y sus implicancias, para luego describir las características de la prueba piloto, sus impactos y aprendizajes. Este trabajo ha sido llevado a cabo en el marco del Fellowship OEA en Gobierno Abierto para las Américas, del año 2017.

In recent years we have seen the expansion of transparency and open data policies in various governments of the region, under the Open Government trend. Governments around the world have raised their levels of transparency, largely thanks to the pressure imposed by civil society, journalism and citizens. However, the transparency of data is not the same as transparency in government processes. A government can open information about its expenses or contracts, but that tells us nothing about how this process was carried out or whether the clauses of the "contract" were fulfilled. Generating greater levels of transparency in the processes of government (allocation of subsidies, contracts, tenders, etc.) means raising one step further on the road towards greater accountability. In the following paper we analyze the implications of the blockchain technology on government activities, especially for transparency and open government. We will analyze the experience carried out in the city of Bahía Blanca (Argentina), in which this technology has been used to give greater transparency and confidence to the delivery of cultural subsidies from the municipality. The paper makes a conceptual analysis about blockchain and its implications, to then describe the characteristics of the pilot test, its impacts and learning. This work has been carried out within the framework of the OAS Fellowship in Open Government in the Americas, 2017.

Проведено аналіз останніх законодавчих ініціатив Президента України як одного із суб’єктів законодавчої ініціативи у сфері інформатизації та впровадження електронного урядування.  Розглянуто особливості  правового  регулювання впровадження  електронного урядування в Україні на прикладі законодавчих ініціатив Президента України, пов’язаних з
ініціативою Digital Ukraine, відкритими даними, електронними петиціями та зверненнями, реформою сфери електронного цифрового підпису, хмарними технологіями.

Electronic voting or e-voting is defined as ‘an election system that allows a voter to record his or her secure and secret ballot electronically’ (TechTarget, 2011). This paper seeks to examine the advantages and disadvantages of e-voting using Estonia’s experience as a case study. It also aims to look at whether the advantages of e-voting outweighs its disadvantages. The paper ends with a discussion on the suitability of implementing e-voting systems, along with key considerations that need to be taken into account for its success.

This study shed light on the relationship between organizational size and e-Government maturity, through the scrutiny of Greek local governments' effort to deliver public value via IT innovation. Having taken into consideration the urgent need for e-Government maturity models which demonstrate an explicit focus, the stage model themes Lee (2010) identified, and the remark by Andersen and Henriksen (2006) about the major importance of the customer perspective in e-Government strategic thinking, we proposed an innovative maturity model with an explicit focus on the citizen/service theme. The proposed maturity model consists of 7 developmental phases (Web presence, Two-way communication, Service & financial transaction, Participation, Personalization, Collaboration, e-Governance). Through the aforementioned model, this study initially identified the e-Government maturity of all the Greek municipalities and subsequently, scrutinized its relationship with organizational size. Our findings revealed that higher number of permanent municipal employees is associated to higher possibility for the phases of-Service & financial transaction‖,-Participation‖,-Personalization‖ and-Collaboration‖ to be materialized. Furthermore, we concluded that an increase of 1 permanent municipal employee would increase the odds of materialization of-Two-way communication‖,-Service & financial transaction‖,-Participation‖ and-Collaboration‖ by 7.7%, 28%, 2.6% and 1.2% respectively.

Corruption prevailed throughout the ages so also the strategies to contain. However, late last century marked the beginning of a new era in which actors have started to discuss the impact of
corruption, thanks to efforts by some global institutions, such as the World Bank, Transparency International, the Open Society Institute and the UNDP. Attempts to highlight the problems
associated with corruption and bribing have not only brought the issue on the global agenda, but have witnessed some path-breaking solutions. Of late, thanks to the efforts of the UN
organizations, the ill effects of corruption are discussed in the light of human development, and the freedom and choices offered to individuals and their capacity to enjoy these. No doubt
corruption cripples everyone, but more so, the least served and the most marginalized in societies within the developing nations. The advent of Information and Communication Technologies do provide an opportunity to prevail over corrupt practices, but the main challenge is the willpower of the governments to take advantage of this unique opportunity, rather than missing it. The paper examines the intrinsic relationship between corruption and human development while presenting an overview of the role of ICTs, especially e-governance as means to improve human conditions and prevent corrupt practices. More than 100 such e-governance efforts enlisted in this paper highlight best practices at both small as well as large scales, sometimes also at a pan-national level. The paper suggests that the hype around ICTs,
especially about their role in containing corruption does need some serious thinking and a joint effort by the government departments that intend to introduce e-governance with a view to
reducing corruption. The author concludes with a simple but doable five point agenda for successful implementation of e-governance programs that can provide a good foundation for a
long-term public-private partnership program that places the common people at the helms of anticorruption efforts.

The book traces the origin and evolution of Digital Technology: Semiconductors, Microelectronics, Fibre Optics, Laser & Optical Networking, Telecom, Computing and the Internet. It was the first to chronicle seminal Indian contributions in the making of modern digital technology and very briefly how digital technology change India.

Uno de los principales desafíos de la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible consiste en configurar un nuevo marco de gobernanza pública y una renovada arquitectura estatal que permitan promover sociedades pacíficas e inclusivas para el desarrollo sostenible, facilitar el acceso a la justicia para todos y construir a todos los niveles instituciones eficaces, responsables e inclusivas que rindan cuentas (Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 16). En este contexto, el paradigma del gobierno abierto constituye un medio de referencia y un eje fundamental para cumplir los Objetivos de la Agenda 2030.

El propósito de esta obra pionera es contribuir al debate emergente sobre el tránsito hacia un Estado abierto por medio de múltiples miradas provenientes de la propia CEPAL y de representantes de organismos multilaterales, autoridades y responsables de gobierno, expertos de reconocida trayectoria, académicos y representantes de organizaciones de la sociedad civil de la región, así como de plataformas de innovación y activismo cívico.

Ciertas teorías sobre el papel de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) en el gobierno expresan la creencia de que éstas abren una nueva época que permitirá a las administraciones, a través de sucesivas fases, no sólo ser más eficaces y eficientes, sino también ser más abiertas, participativas e inclusivas. Diversos estudios empíricos desmienten, sin embargo, estas previsiones. En este estudio se trata de explicar el porqué de este fracaso, utilizando la teoría política, en concreto la teoría del pluralismo de valores, y una selección de estudios de caso que aportan cierta evidencia empírica a la propuesta.
Palabras clave: gobierno electrónico, teoría política, valores, democracia.

Recientemente, distintos gobiernos en todo el mundo han iniciado un proceso progresivo para impulsar y llevar a cabo estrategias ligadas al concepto de “Gobierno Abierto” (Open Government), cuyos principios son: a) la transparencia y apertura; b) la participación; y c) la colaboración (Obama, 2009). En este contexto, se ha acuñado el concepto de Servicios Públicos 2.0 como una nueva forma interactiva de creación de valor público y traslado hacia un nuevo tipo de colaboración ciudadana e innovación abierta mediante la integración sistemática de los actores en el proceso de gobernar y administrar los asuntos públicos (Hilgers y Piller, 2011; Bommert, 2010; Nambisan, 2008). El trabajo, analiza los conceptos clave que subyacen a la aplicación de las herramientas Web 2.0 y redes sociales en una visión transformadora del Estado y los servicios públicos, y la posibilidad de configurar una agenda específica orientada a la modernización de la gestión pública en Iberoamérica en respuesta a las diversos diagnósticos que han aflorado en el último tiempo sobre estas cuestiones (CLAD, 2010; Ciudadanía 2.0, 2011; WEF, 2011; OECD, 2011; y The Economist, 2011; entre otros) y basado en: la producción entre iguales y la riqueza de las redes (Benkler, 2006), la sabiduría de las multitudes (Surowiecki, 2004), el crowdsourcing (Howe, 2006) y citizensourcing/wikigovernment (Noveck, 2009), la innovación de servicios centrado en el usuario y de carácter abierto (E. Von Hippel, 2005; Chesbrough, 2009), el gobierno como una plataforma (O'Reilly, 2010) y el enfoque de un gobierno abierto (Lathrop y Ruma, 2010).

The growth of e-commerce-based services coupled with improvements in ICT have revolutionized the way private and public companies have been delivering goods and services to consumers and citizens in advanced and highly developed countries. In this respect, countries which are grouped as the least developed countries by the United Nations (UN) have lagged as far as the electronic delivery of goods and services is concerned. Of importance is the proliferation of electronic-based or E-government services in developed nations. This growth has happened in parallel with developments in other economic sectors. In case of least developed countries, some sectors, for instance, telecommunications have seen tremendous growth (increase in the use of hand-held devices such as smart phones) in no time.

Often such growth has been pioneered through huge investments by national and multinational companies. However, when it comes to digitization of service deliveries in least developed countries, this growth has been slow due to many factors. Nonetheless, least developed countries have great potential and demand for e-government initiatives. Opportunities for investments in development of electronic delivery of services/goods exist both in public and private sectors. The least developed countries often require simplification of business processes not only in paper form, but also need digitization of such processes to provide quality, fast, transparent, and improved government services to their citizens. 

In this respect, research was conducted about the status of E-government in Least-Developed Countries (LDCs) and how it can be compared with the developing world where E-government has become one of the effective tools for online delivery of public services and promotion of people’s participation in online forums as a means  to improve government policies and increase their trust on government thereby using e-government initiatives as tools for improving service delivery, reducing corruption, increasing trust between governments and their citizens, removing digital barriers and creating an enabling environment for domestic and foreign investments.

El estudio se centró en el nivel de importancia y el tipo de tratamiento que le dieron los gobiernos departamentales y nacionales al desarrollo de las políticas del gobierno electrónico en el Uruguay (2005 al 2015). Estuvo basado en una metodología de investigación cualitativa y un análisis sistemático de documentación política pública. El estudio reveló que al nivel departamental no existen planes estratégicos en gobierno electrónico, verificando la tendencia de casos aislados de innovación en gobierno electrónico departamental. Encontramos esfuerzos hacia sistemas integrados y coordinados (ejemplo el Sistema Único de Cobro de Ingresos Vehiculares, SUCIVE) que son liderados y centralizados fuertemente desde el gobierno nacional. Hasta el momento las agencias nacionales: Agencia de Gobierno electrónico y Sociedad de la Información y del Conocimiento (AGESIC) y Oficina de Planeamiento y Presupuesto de Presidencia (OPP) no fueron relevantes para facilitar la definición de planes en los gobiernos departamentales aunque las tendencias indican que en los próximos años sí tendrán incidencia. Las barreras que impiden la planificación estratégica en gobierno electrónico departamental aparecieron como el área de contenido más abordado por los entrevistados. La falta de voluntad política y entendimiento por parte de las autoridades departamentales, la falta de capacidad en gestión y modernización y de capital humano en general, y la falta de recursos financieros fueron los impedimentos más frecuentemente citados.
The investigation focused on the level of importance and type of treatment that the departmental (state) and national governments gave to electronic government in Uruguay between 2005 and 2015. It was based on a qualitative research methodology and a systematic analysis of public policy documentation. The study revealed that on a departmental level there are no strategic plans in electronic government. It also confirmed a trend of isolated cases of innovation in departmental electronic government. We did find efforts toward integrated and coordinated systems (i.e. the Sistema Único de Cobro de Ingresos Vehiculares, SUCIVE-a common system for collecting revenues from vehicle payments), which are led and centralized by the national government. Up until the present, the national level agencies: Agencia de Gobierno Electrónico y la Sociedad de la Información y el Conocimento (the national e-government agency) and the Oficina de Planeamiento y Presupuesto (the national budget and planning office) were not relevant in facilitating the definition of strategic plans in the departmental governments. However a clear tendency toward their being influential within the next few years did emerge in the research. The barriers that impede strategic planning in departmental electronic government was the content area discussed in the most depth by the informants. The lack of political will and understanding on the part of the departmental authorities, the lack of management and modernization capacity and of human capital in general, and the lack of financial resources were the most frequently cited impediments.

Business and civil society have rapidly adopted information and communication technologies (ICTs) into their lives. Information technologies have become part of China‘s economic development through a rapid and evolving market for the Internet and E-Businesses. However, central and local management work still relies primarily on traditional communication forms. The purpose of this paper focuses on Chinese trends in e-Governance. A conceptual framework is first set out defining concepts. Conceptualizing e-Governance in the People‘s Republic of China in such a way that raises a number of questions. E-Governance comes with new opportunities, but it also entails many challenges. This paper explores the opportunities of ICTs, particularly improvement of public services, access to information, policy development framework, and citizens‘ engagement. It also looks at three main challenges: data, societal and political. The paper then presents some concluding remarks.

eGovernance can be defined as “a government
structure which is efficient and effective and is duly
controlled by citizens” (Bedi et al, 2001). Perri 6 (2004) states
e-governance tools can “be used to sustain…the important
elements of accountability and tension that a liberal
democratic order requires”. Within the same context, egovernance
aims to promote policy making, however egovernment
requires the use of e-democracy.On the other
hand, e-government means “exploiting the power of
information and communications technology to help
transform the accessibility, quality and cost-effectiveness of
public services” E-government also relates to the
relationship between citizens and those in power. To increase
accountability and empowerment, the use of e-government is
vital, in order to achieve citizen participation. The topic of egovernment
and e-governance has become increasingly
acknowledged over the last few years, and many
governments desire for online services. However developing
countries are disadvantaged due to lack of capital and
knowledge of the internet and Information Technology.
Developing countries are more likely to have corrupting
governments, thus restricting the level of ICTs within the
country. However with organisations from developed
countries, implementation of programmes produces effective
results; the degree of corruption is reduced and democracy
heightens. It is also important to mention, even developed
countries are confronted by issues such as how to structure
their e-government.
Researcher has reviewed some previous literature related to
the eGovernance insome developing and developed countries
and India. eGovernance is playing very vital role in social
and economic development of various segments of the
society. Their role to uplift the various area is multidimensional,
so it was a challenging subject for the research
study. The covered studies discover facts, knowledge, trend,
practices and other elements in society, government and
related aspects of egovernance. for Local Self Government.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the public administration (PA) development in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) from an ex post perspective covering the past three decades. There were many common features in the polities and PAs of the CEE countries at the beginning of the 1990s because of their common communist legacy, and also during the EU accession period, stemming
from the “administrative capacity” requirement by the EU. However, domestic decisions of individual CEE governments following accession have moved them apart from each other. While some CEE countries face reversals of democratic public governance reforms, others are leading e-government initiatives – the current phase of public sector development.

So much research that has been done concerning eGovernment (eGov) frameworks. However, little focus has been put towards the use of Digital Forensics (DF) to conduct a proper Digital Forensic Investigation (DFI) in eGovernment frameworks. One reason for this may be because current DF tools were not developed to handle different eGov frameworks and their setup specifically. Therefore, gathering, examining and the general analysis of potential digital evidence when presented in courts of law becomes a great challenge to law enforcement officers/agencies and DF investigators (DFi). The problem addressed in this paper is, at the time of writing this paper, there exists no properly acceptable DFI framework that can be used to carry out a standard DFI in an eGovernment platform specifically for the case of the Republic of Uganda. Therefore, the author of this paper proposes a digital forensic investigation framework for eGov structure specifically focussing on Uganda. The proposed framework is based on the international standard for digital forensic investigation ISO/IEC 27043:2015. The author of this paper is of the belief that in future, the proposed framework can easily be incorporated into future DF tools development thereby facilitating the design of effective DFI tools in eGov platforms. Also, this research is meant to capture the attention of government officials in Uganda so as to fully develop and adopt a standard eGov forensic investigation process for Uganda.

Publicación colaborativa para definir los 42 estándares que aparecen en el vídeo de la XIP (Red de Innovación Pública de Cataluña). La idea era profundizar en su conocimiento y facilitar su difusión. Por este motivo el proyecto Apadrina un concepto de gobierno abierto, permitió que expertos de todo
el mundo pudieran escribir un artículo sobre lo que les sugiere el concepto asignado.
El resultado es una colección especializada: 42 personas de todo el mundo que nos ofrecen su conocimiento sobre gobierno abierto, 42 artículos breves y concisos que nos dan pistas para entenderlo mejor y saber cómo avanzar.

En los últimos años, el concepto de gobierno abierto se ha extendido con fuerza y se ha instalado en la agenda política mundial de manera sorprendente. Sin embargo, se trata de una idea y un modelo en fase de construcción cuya ambigüedad y falta de definición consensuada puede perjudicar significativamente las potencialidades que se le atribuyen, como nuevo paradigma que permita construir capacidades para asumir adecuadamente los desafíos del siglo XXI, sobre la base de llevar a la práctica los principios de la transparencia y apertura, la participación y la rendición de cuentas en los asuntos públicos. El artículo discute los orígenes y alcances del concepto y propone una definición operacional. Además, y tomando el caso de la recientemente creada “Alianza para el Gobierno Abierto” (Open Government Partnership - OGP), se propone un marco de referencia para evaluar los planes de acción que los países latinoamericanos han comprometido al incorporarse a dicha iniciativa. En esta perspectiva, el análisis comparado de los planes de acción permite extraer lecciones y aprendizajes que pueden contribuir a potenciar y consolidar los esfuerzos por “abrir” los gobiernos en la región, desde una visión ligada al concepto de gobernanza abierta y colaborativa. Finalmente, se reflexiona sobre la posibilidad que bajo la etiqueta del gobierno abierto se promueva una nueva agenda de reforma del Estado y modernización de la gestión pública para los próximos años en Latinoamérica.

In recent years, the concept of open government has expanded strongly and is installed in the global political agenda in surprising ways. However, this is an idea and a model under construction whose ambiguity and lack of consensus definition can significantly impair the potential attributed to him, as a new paradigm that can build capacity to properly face the challenges of XXI century, on the basis for implementing the principles of transparency and openness, participation and accountability in the public affairs. The article discusses the origins and scope of the concept and proposes an operational definition. Furthermore, taking the case of the newly formed Open Government Partnership (OGP), proposes a framework for evaluating the action plans that Latin American countries have committed to join the initiative.In this perspective, the comparative analysis of action plans allows get lessons and learnings that can help strengthen and consolidate efforts to “open” governments in the region, from a vision linked to the concept of open and collaborative governance. Finally, we examine the possibility that under the label of open government can be promoted a new agenda for government reform and modernization of public administration in the coming years in Latin America.

The term “Smart City” is to-date widely used, but little clarity appears in the definition behind it. Several approaches led to a growing emphasis on the combined use of geographic information and communication technology to build cognitive frameworks in city planning and management. The present paper tackles an effort to define ‘smart cities’ and to identify both elements of smartness, and critical aspects related to the current interpretation of the term. In particular, the risk of considering the technological layer of Smart City as an innovative element has been observed, highlighting, on the contrary, the need to consider Smart Cities in terms of a major urban planning effort to coordinate and harmonize different urban players, sustained by ICT instruments.

El Índice de Experiencia Pública Digital mide la experiencia que tiene un ciudadano cuando interactúa con una institución pública por medios digitales. Las dimensiones que determinan el nivel de la experiencia son: la calidad de la interacción, la calidad de información y la calidad del medio digital. Estas dimensiones se miden a partir de una serie de variables e indicadores que son evaluados por medio de la observación de sitios web y aplicaciones móviles, mediante los cuales las entidades públicas y ciudadanos intercambian información y completan servicios.
Año tras año, este informe permite enfocar la mirada en el avance continuo de la digitalización que, como un todo, ha caracterizado al sector público costarricense. Lo más importante de este esfuerzo de investigación y divulgación es que permite el reconocimiento ciudadano a aquellas entidades que mejor lo están haciendo y ofrece retroalimentación periódica a los responsables de estas plataformas sobre su propio
desempeño y el de los demás, creando oportunidades de colaboración horizontal.
Aunque en el comparativo al año anterior los datos muestran una mejora país, la cual es recocida en este trabajo de investigación, las bajas calificaciones promedio siguen mostrando la necesidad de aumentar los esfuerzos para la transformación digital. En este sentido, el objetivo de este ejercicio es ofrecer un medio que sirva para la retroalimentación, el análisis y sobre todo, el sentido de urgencia y compromiso que debe existir por parte de las autoridades para fortalecer el gobierno digital en Costa Rica.

ABSTRACT Aquest estudi té com a objectiu principal analitzar les transformacions que s'esdevenen al voltant de la incorporació d'innovacions tecnològiques de l'entorn de les TIC en els processos d'atenció al ciutadà per part de les administracions públiques. Les transformacions que hem analitzat tenen a veure amb tres dimensions que hem considerat bàsiques. D'una banda, ens hem centrat en els canvis que es produeixen en la forma en què els ciutadans (com a principals, tot i que no únics, usuaris) i l'administració es relacionen entre sí. De l'altra hem analitzat les transformacions que s'esdevenen en el funcionament intern i en la pròpia organització de l'administració arran de les transformacions dels canals de comunicació amb els usuaris. Per últim, hem considerat els canvis en la forma de gestionar (dissenyar, planificar, organitzar i dur a terme) el canvi i la innovació, tenint en compte especialment els rols dels diferents actors (no només públics) que hi participen. La recerca es recolza en un ampli estudi empíric sobre la Generalitat de Catalunya i en un estudi compartiu internacional sobre el Quebec, Emillia-Romagna i Escòcia. Este estudio tiene como objetivo principal analizar las transformaciones que ocurren a raíz de la incorporación de innovaciones tecnológicas del entorno de las TIC en los procesos de atención al ciudadano por parte de las administraciones públicas. Las transformaciones que hemos analizado tienen que ver con tres dimensiones que hemos considerado básicas. Por una parte, nos hemos centrado en los cambios que se producen en la forma como los ciudadanos (como principales, aunque no únicos, usuarios) y la Administración se relacionan entre ellos. Por otra parte, hemos analizado las transformaciones que ocurren en el funcionamiento interno y en la propia organización de la Administración a raíz de las transformaciones de los canales de comunicación con los usuarios. Por último, hemos considerado los cambios en la forma de gestionar (diseñar, planificar, organizar y llevar a cabo) el cambio y la innovación, teniendo en cuenta especialmente las funciones de los distintos actores (no sólo públicos) que participan en ellos. La investigación se basa en un amplio estudio empírico sobre la Generalitat de Catalunya y en un estudio compartido internacional sobre Quebec, Emilia-Romaña y Escocia. This study's main aim is to analyse the changes taking place as a result of the incorporation of technological innovations involving ICT in the public administration's processes to attend the public. The changes that have been analysed are linked to three aspects that we deem basic. Firstly, we have focused on the changes produced in terms of the way the public (as the main, though not the only, users) and the administration relate with each other. Secondly, we have analysed the transformations seen in the internal operation and organisation of the administration itself with respect to the changes in the channels for communication with users. Lastly, we have looked at the transformations in the way in which change and innovation are managed (design, planning, organisation and development), paying special attention to the roles of the different players (and not just the administration) involved. The research is based on a wide-ranging empirical study of the Catalan government, the Generalitat de Catalunya, and a comparative international study of Quebec, Emilia-Romagna and Scotland.

El presente documento contiene un compilado de notas sobre los principales temas debatidos en las sesiones de la conferencia internacional Estado Futuro: Innovación para las personas, un encuentro global del sector público, el cual se llevó a cabo los días 30 y 31 de marzo, en el Centro Gabriela Mistral (GAM), en Santiago de Chile.

Esta conferencia fue organizada por Laboratorio de Gobierno del Gobierno de Chile y la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OECD). La conferencia de dos días estuvo compuesta por una combinación de sesiones plenarias, donde los actores del sector público conocieron sobre investigaciones internacionales y experiencia de primera fuente sobre inno- vaciones en lo público; sesiones de discusión enfocadas en discutir desafíos de innovación y sus habilitadores; y talleres donde los participantes probaron nuevas herramientas y métodos para resolver problemas públicos.

La notas compiladas en este documento fueron desarrolladas por el equipo del Laboratorio de Gobierno. Este documento tiene el carácter de borrador y servirá de base para una futura publicación.

Más información sobre la conferen- cia en http://www.estadofuturo.cl/

Models of public governance are changing profoundly due to global and digital transformations and various context-specific societal pressures. One direction of development is the increased utilisation of ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies) in facilitating governance practices. Such changes are intended to improve the performance of public organisations, the quality of democratic governance, and the cost-effectiveness of service delivery. This article outlines the potentials of technological trends in building governance platforms. The discussion is based on such influential trends as open source movement, Web 2.0, geoinformatics, and ubiquitous technologies. An approach that takes into account such e-enabled platform solutions is called platform orientation in public governance, which offers a framework for supporting policy and governance informatics. It’s supposed to provide new tools to create structured environments for governance and the capacity to increase the flexibility and responsiveness of public organisations as governance actors. Such e-enabled governance platforms are an answer to the needs of a highly complex and technologically meditated society with a special view to providing easy access to governance processes, encouraging creativity, sharing information in a cost-effective way, and integrating services and governance processes so that the processes are comprehensible, easy, and value-adding for citizens and other stakeholders.

Capítulo sobre la mirada desde la sociedad civil

La Agenda de Probidad y Transparencia impulsada por la Presidenta
de la República Michelle Bachelet Jeria, marca un hito en la historia
del sistema político de nuestro país y, sin duda –al igual que lo hecho
en esta publicación–, seguirá siendo motivo de análisis en el futuro.
Resulta satisfactorio, entonces, presentar un escrito donde un conjunto
destacado de figuras del mundo público, de la empresa privada, la
academia, y la sociedad en general, entregan sus reflexiones sobre un
tema de tanta relevancia para el desarrollo del país.

Porque para nadie es un misterio que el fenómeno de la desconfianza
hacia instituciones públicas y privadas claves en la convivencia
del país, así como hacia sus dirigencias, se ha instalado con fuerza en
nuestra sociedad, erosionando la credibilidad y la necesaria legitimidad
que requieren las decisiones en un sistema democrático.

En respuesta a esta realidad, nuestro gobierno tuvo el valor de reaccionar
de manera contundente. En su lucha contra la corrupción, por
la probidad y la trasparencia en las instituciones y en la política, la
Presidenta Michelle Bachelet llamó a todos los sectores a cooperar en
la reconstrucción de las confianzas perdidas, y así avanzar en el fortalecimiento de nuestro sistema democrático.

Es por ello que la aprobación e implementación de la Agenda de Probidad
y Transparencia –y del conjunto de leyes y medidas administrativas
que la conforman– ha contado con el mayor respaldo social y
político. Justamente eso es, en parte, lo que refleja el trabajo de este
libro. Se trata de opiniones y puntos de vista que enriquecerán los actuales
y futuros instrumentos de política pública, con el horizonte de
un país cuyas instituciones públicas y privadas sean más transparentes
y confiables.

(*) Libro que agrupa las ponencias presentadas en el seminario “Hacia
una nueva agenda de probidad”, organizado por el Centro de Estudios Internacionales de la Universidad Católica, el Ministerio Secretaría General de la Presidencia del Gobierno de Chile y el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID).

El presente documento tiene como fin exponer los principales puntos de encuentro y recomendaciones resultantes del Conversatorio sobre Gobierno Abierto, realizado en el marco del XIX Congreso del CLAD, celebrado en Quito, Ecuador, del 11 al 14 de noviembre de 2014.

El Conversatorio tuvo lugar el 12 de noviembre y su objetivo fue reunir a un grupo de especialistas en el área del gobierno abierto, asistentes al Congreso del CLAD, para debatir en torno a esta temática y aportar ideas que pudieran orientar una reflexión más profunda en este ámbito

The focus of e governance is on developing countries where Information and Communication Technology. Major emphasis is on  building accountable and democratic governance institutions.  Development of WWW has proved as a means to publish multimedia, other hyperlinked information and interactive information promise of the attainment of the goals of good governance. e- Disha has been an important aspect in this regards. More and more people are joining to get the services provided by e-Disha portals. The paper is an effort to carry out the consequences of e-Disha and their benefits and demerits. Effort has been made to make it a bias less study and aim is to provide a clear view of the e-Disha portal as a service provider.

Globally “Pro-active disaster management or disaster risk management” is relatively a new. World over - Governments at  National, State and local level have been working constantly to improve safety of life and property by reducing risks from identified hazards and vulnerabilities.  Efforts made by United nations in this direction have given impetus to the capability building drive to some extent as paucity of “required capabilities” at grass root level remains the biggest hindrance in the way of effective proliferation of disaster risk management system in third world including India.

Lack of resources, lack of coordination, and poor communication are endemic to severely damaged disaster environments and are very commonly seen across the world. What is more important for the future is that new methods are being evolved that overcome the potential risks posed by such initial conditions for improving organizational performance. Experience of dealing with real disaster has a key role in this process.
Decision makers at all level need understand on - what is needed for developing, implementing and managing effective disaster risk management strategies. 
This book – “Disaster Management in India: Challenges and Strategies” - provides a practical and realistic understanding of the evolution and current  status of disaster management in Indian context. Drawing on the author’s decades of experience both in the domains of disaster management and technology, the book provides future directions for improving DM along with selective tips on - Emergency Operations Center design and development; Media integration into DM, emergency Resources Management systems development and Crowd management at venues of mass gathering including places of worships.