Abstract
Mitochondria as dynamic organelles undergo morphological changes through the processes of fission and fusion which are major factors regulating their functions. A disruption in the balance of mitochondrial dynamics induces functional disorders in mitochondria such as failed energy production and the generation of reactive oxygen species, which are closely related to pathophysiological changes associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recent studies have demonstrated a relationship between abnormalities in mitochondrial dynamics and impaired mitochondrial function, clarifying the effects of morphofunctional aberrations which promote neuronal cell death in AD. Several possible signaling pathways have been suggested for a better understanding of the mechanism behind the key molecules regulating mitochondrial morphologies. However, the exact machinery involved in mitochondrial dynamics still has yet to be elucidated. This paper reviews the current knowledge on signaling mechanisms involved in mitochondrial dynamics and the significance of mitochondrial dynamics in controlling associated functions in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly in AD.
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Abbreviations
- Aβ:
-
β-Amyloid
- AD:
-
Alzheimer’s disease
- AMPAR:
-
α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
- APOE:
-
Apolipoprotein E
- AIF:
-
Apoptosis inducing factor
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- Cyt C:
-
Cytochrome C
- DAG:
-
Diacylglycerol
- Drp1:
-
Dynamin-related protein 1
- ETC:
-
Electronic transport complex
- ER:
-
Endoplasmic reticulum
- Fis1:
-
Fission protein 1
- iGluRs:
-
Ionotropic glutamate receptors
- IMM:
-
Inner mitochondrial membrane
- IDE:
-
Insulin-degrading enzyme
- IP3:
-
Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate
- MARCH5:
-
Membrane-associated ring-CH 5
- ΔΨm:
-
Mitochondrial membrane potential
- mGluRs:
-
Metabotropic glutamate receptors
- Mfn1:
-
Mitofusin 1
- Mfn2:
-
Mitofusin 2
- NFT:
-
Neurofibrillary tangle
- NMDAR:
-
N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor
- Opa1:
-
Optic atrophy 1
- OMM:
-
Outer mitochondrial membrane
- OXPHOS:
-
Oxidative phosphorylation
- PITRM1:
-
Pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1
- PLC:
-
Phospholipase C
- PTM:
-
Post-translational modifications
- PP2A:
-
Protein phosphatase 2A
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- RAGE:
-
Receptor for advanced glycation end products
- SUMO:
-
Small ubiquitin-like modifier
- SIMH:
-
Stress-induced mitochondrial hyperfusion
- TIM:
-
Translocase of the inner membrane
- TOM:
-
Translocase of the outer membrane
- α7nAChR:
-
α7 Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
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Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National R&D Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2013M3A9B4076520) and Next-Generation Biogreen 21 Program (No. PJ011141), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DI: Conception and design, Collection and assembly of data, Manuscript writing, Lee KH: Technical or material support, Oh JY: Technical or material support, Kim JS: Technical or material support, HJ Han: Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content, study supervision.
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Kim, D.I., Lee, K.H., Oh, J.Y. et al. Relationship Between β-Amyloid and Mitochondrial Dynamics. Cell Mol Neurobiol 37, 955–968 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-016-0434-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10571-016-0434-4