United Nations General Assembly and Security Council proceed
to the election of five Members of the Court
THE HAGUE, 8 November 2005. Yesterday, the General Assembly and the Security Council of the United Nations proceeded to the election of five Members of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) for a term of office of nine years, beginning on 6 February 2006.
Judge Thomas Buergenthal (United States of America) was re-elected as Member of the Court. Messrs. Mohamed Bennouna (Morocco), Kenneth Keith (New Zealand), Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor (Mexico) and Leonid Skotnikov (Russian Federation) were elected Members of the Court with effect from 6 February 2006.
Biographies of the newly elected Members of the Court may be found on the Court’s website as an annex to this press release. The biography of Judge Buergenthal may be found in the “General Information” section of the Court’s website (http://www.icj-cij.org).
In February 2006 the Court as newly constituted will proceed to elect from among its Members a President and a Vice-President, who will hold office for three years.
General
The International Court of Justice, which is the principal judicial organ of the United Nations, comprises 15 judges, known as Members of the Court, who are each elected to a nine-year term of office and may be re-elected.
In order to ensure a measure of continuity in the composition of the Court, not all the terms of those 15 judges expire on the same date. Thus every three years the terms of office of five judges come to an end.
According to Article 2 of the Statute of the Court, judges are elected “regardless of their nationality from among persons of high moral character, who possess the qualifications required in their respective countries for appointment to the highest judicial offices, or are jurisconsults of recognized competence in international law”.
Article 9 of the Statute further requires that, “in the body as a whole, the representation of the main forms of civilization and of the principal legal systems of the world should be assured”. This principle has been reflected in the following distribution of membership of the Court among the principal regions of the globe: three judges for Africa, two for Latin America, three for Asia, five for Western Europe and other States (including States from North America and Oceania) and two for Eastern Europe (including Russia). In addition no two Members of the Court may be of the same nationality.
Election procedure
Members of the Court are elected by the General Assembly and by the Security Council (where no right of veto obtains for the purpose of the election). These organs vote simultaneously but separately.
In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both organs (that is to say, currently 96 votes in the General Assembly and eight votes in the Security Council).
Submission of candidacies
All States parties to the Statute of the Court (currently 191) have the right to propose candidates. In order to insulate the process of nomination from political considerations, candidates are not nominated directly by governments but by the national groups in the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) or, in the case of countries not participating in the PCA, by similarly constituted national groups.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration, which is based in The Hague, was established under the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907. Each State party to those Conventions (currently 104) has its own national group, that is to say a group of up to four jurists who can be called upon to serve as members of an arbitral tribunal under the Conventions.
When an election takes place to fill vacancies at the International Court of Justice, each national group can propose up to four candidates, not more than two of whom may be of its own nationality. The others may be from any other country. The names of candidates must be communicated to the Secretary-General of the United Nations. A total of eight candidates was nominated for the purpose of the election held yesterday.
___________
Information Department:
Mrs. Laurence Blairon, Head of the Department (+ 31 70 302 23 36)
Messrs. Boris Heim and Maxime Schouppe, Information Officers (+ 31 70 302 23 37)
E-mail address: information@icj-cij.org
Mohamed Bennouna (Morocco)
[Original: French]
Born on 29 April 1943 at Marrakesh, Morocco.
Doctor of International Law, Professor of Public Law and Political Science.
Diploma from the Hague Academy of International Law.
Member of the International Law Institute.
Professional activities
Ambassador, Permanent Representative of the Kingdom of Morocco to the United Nations, since March 2001.
Judge of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, The Hague, 1998-2001.
Director-General of the Arab World Institute (Institut du monde arabe, Paris), 1991-1998.
Ambassador, Deputy Permanent Representative to the United Nations, 1985-1989.
Professor and later Dean of the Faculty of Law at Rabat (Morocco), 1972-1984.
Visiting Professor at various universities: Tunis, Algiers, Nice, New York, Thessaloniki, Paris.
International and legal activities
Judge ad hoc of the International Court of Justice for the dispute between the Republic of Benin and the Republic of Niger, since 2002.
Chairman of the Sixth Committee (Legal Questions) during the Fifty-ninth Session of the General Assembly of the United Nations.
Chairman of the Group of 77 and China at the United Nations (2003).
Member of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco), World Commission on the Ethics of Scientific Knowledge and Technology (COMEST), since 2002.
Member of the Unesco International Bioethics Committee (1992-1998) and the Unesco International Panel on Democracy and Development, since 1997.
Chairman of a panel of the United Nations Compensation Commission (UNCC), Geneva (1992-1995).
Member of the United Nations International Law Commission, Geneva (1986-1998).
Legal Counsellor, delegation of Morocco at numerous sessions of the United Nations General Assembly (since 1974).
Member of the delegation of Morocco to the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (1974-1982).
Awards
National prize for culture, Morocco
Medal for culture, Yemen
Knight of the National Order of the Legion of Honour (Chevalier de l’Ordre National de la Légion d’honneur), France
Author of numerous publications on international law.
[Original: English]
Born in Auckland, New Zealand, 19 November 1937.
I. Present positions
Judge of the newly established Supreme Court of New Zealand (2004-).
Judge of Appeal in Samoa (1982-), the Cook Islands (1982-) and Niue (1995-), Judge of the Supreme Court of Fiji (2003-).
President (2002-) and member (1991-) of the International Humanitarian Fact-Finding Commission under the first Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims, elected in 1991, 1996 and 2001.
Member of the New Zealand National Group of the Permanent Court of Arbitration (1985-) and the panel of arbitrators of the International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (1994-).
Chair of a NAFTA tribunal (UPS v. Canada).
II. Previous positions
Judge of the New Zealand Court of Appeal (1996-2003).
Member of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council, London (1998-2003).
Member of the international arbitral tribunals in the Rainbow Warrior (1990) (New Zealand v. France) and Southern Bluefin Tuna (2000) (Australia and New Zealand v. Japan) cases.
Member of the New Zealand legal team in the Nuclear Tests cases before the International Court of Justice 1973, 1974 and 1995.
Leader of the New Zealand delegation to two of the sessions of the Diplomatic Conference which prepared the 1977 additional protocols to the Geneva Conventions.
Member of the Office of Legal Affairs (Codification Division) of the United Nations (1968-1970), primarily undertaking research for the International Law Commission and working with the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly, including the Committee on Friendly Relations.
Faculty member, Victoria University of Wellington (1962-1964, 1966-1991); Dean (1977-1981); now Professor Emeritus; also Visiting Professor at Osgoode Hall Law School, Toronto (1981-1982).
Legal Division Officer, New Zealand Department of External Affairs (1960-1962).
III. Judicial experience applying international law
As a judge, Sir Kenneth has decided a number of cases involving international law issues, concerning, for instance, travel by sea (the Hague Rules) and by air (the Chicago and Warsaw Conventions), the movement of people (immigration, refugees, extradition and child abduction), the movement of goods (GATT valuation agreement), the freedom of the high seas, fisheries, foreign State immunity, and many human rights matters, including freedom of speech, freedom of religion, equality, the rights of children and rights in respect of police powers and criminal procedure. For some recent examples see International Law Reports, Vols. 104: 508 and 526; 108: 622; 114: 568; 115: 655; 117: 636, 641; 120: 551 and 585.
IV. Academic background
Primary areas of teaching, research and writing are international law (including the International Court of Justice and international humanitarian law), administrative law, constitutional law and issues of legal method including law reform. Over 100 papers and chapters in American, Australian, British, Canadian, and New Zealand journals and books, along with official publications; some appear in the select bibliography.
Named lectures (in bibliography): Cook Memorial (New Zealand Bankers Association), Sir John Marshall Memorial (Wellington District Law Society), F. W. Guest Memorial (University of Otago), Brainerd Currie Memorial (Duke University), Harkness Henry (University of Waikato), Frank Stuart Dethbridge Memorial (Maritime Law Association of Australia and New Zealand) and Sir David Williams (University of Cambridge).
Studied law at the University of Auckland, Victoria University of Wellington and Harvard Law School, qualifying for LLB and LLM degrees.
V. Other professional activities
President (2000-) of the New Zealand Institute of International Affairs.
Counsellor of Honour and International Humanitarian Law Consultant, New Zealand Red Cross; Chair of the New Zealand Committee on the Dissemination of International Humanitarian Law.
Member of the Public and Administrative Law Reform Committee (1972-1986), the Committee on Official Information (1978-1980), the Royal Commission on the Electoral System (1985-1986), the Legislation Advisory Committee (1986-1996) and the Law Commission (1986-1996, President 1991-1996).
Membre (2003-), associé (1997-2003) de l’Institut de droit international.
Member of the New Zealand Bar (1961-).
VI. Selected honours
Honorary LLD degrees, University of Auckland 2001 and Victoria University of Wellington 2004.
Queen’s Counsel (1994).
Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire for service to law reform and legal education (1988).
VII. Editorial boards
Member of the Board of Editors of the Public Law Review (Melbourne), New Zealand Law Review (Auckland), Journal of Maritime Law Association of Australia and New Zealand (Brisbane) and New Zealand Journal of Public and International Law (Wellington).
VIII. Selected professional organizations
Member, American Law Institute; Honorary Member, Society of Legal Scholars (England); Fellow, Legal Research Foundation (New Zealand); Member, American Society of International Law; Member, British Institute of International and Comparative Law; Member, Australian and New Zealand Society of International Law; Member, International Institute of Strategic Studies.
Author of numerous publications on international law.
Bernardo Sepúlveda Amor (Mexico)
[Original: English]
Bernardo Sepúlveda has been chosen as Judge ad hoc of the International Court of Justice in the case concerning Avena and Other Mexican nationals (Mexico v. United States).
He is currently serving his second five-year term as member of the United Nations International Law Commission. He was elected by the United Nations General Assembly in 1996 and re-elected in 2001.
In recent times he has devoted much of his professional activity to international arbitration. He is a member of the Panel of Arbitrators of the International Center for Dispute Resolution (ICDR), the international division of the American Arbitration Association. He belongs to the Institute for Transnational Arbitration (ITA), a division of the Center for America and International Law.
He is a member of the Commission of Arbitration of the Mexican Chamber of Commerce. He has been appointed President of an arbitral tribunal in an ICC case.
Bernardo Sepúlveda has been Secretary of Foreign Relations of Mexico from December 1982 to 1988. During this period, he acted as President of the Mexican delegations to the General Assembly of the United Nations and of the Organization of American States, as well as of other international regional and global organizations.
From January to November 1982, he served as Ambassador of Mexico to the United States of America. From 1989 to 1993, he served as Mexican Ambassador to the United Kingdom. He has also represented his country in Ireland.
During the period he was Foreign Secretary, Bernardo Sepúlveda chaired the Binational Commission, together with the United States Secretary of State. The Commission is an intergovernmental organization dealing with all matters of interest in the relationship between Mexico and the United States.
As Foreign Secretary, Bernardo Sepúlveda was responsible for the Mexican participation in the Central American peace process that took place in the 1980s. For those purposes and together with Venezuela, Colombia and Panama, he established the Contadora Group as a diplomatic instrument to bring peace and stability to the area.
Together with the Foreign Ministers of Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Panama, Peru, Uruguay and Venezuela, Bernardo Sepúlveda took part in the creation of the Group of Eight, now the Rio Group, an institution devoted to promote Latin American co-operation; under its auspices, presidential summits have taken place since 1987.
Mr. Sepúlveda was also a participant in a number of Mexican delegations to United Nations Conferences, where he attended, among others, the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea, the Vienna Conference on the Law of Treaties and several United Nations Conferences on Disarmament. He was a member of the Mexican delegation to the 1981 Cancun Meeting of Heads of State and Government.
His other foreign service experience includes appointments related to economic affairs. Thus in 1980, he became President of the United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations; from 1978 to 1980, he was elected Rapporteur of the United Nations Inter-governmental Working Group on a Code of Conduct for Transnational Corporations; he was the Mexican representative to the United Nations Commission on Transnational Corporations from 1977 to 1981.
From 1976-1980, he was a member of the Mexican delegation to the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund, the World Bank and the Interamerican Development Bank, as well as the Group of 24.
Mr. Sepúlveda has likewise held various offices in the Mexican Government. From 1968 to 1970, he was the Deputy Director for Legal Affairs for the Secretary of the Presidency. Then in 1971 to 1975, he served as the Director of the Foreign Investment Program, and then became the Director General for International Affairs, both for the Secretary of the Treasury.
Moreover, in 1981, he was appointed the Principal Adviser on International Affairs to the Secretary of the Budget. In addition, Mr. Sepúlveda has been (1982-1988) a Board of Directors member for the State owned oil and gas company Petróleos Mexicanos (PEMEX), and the governmental trust to promote tourism in Mexico, Fondo Nacional de Fomento al Turismo (FONATUR).
Bernardo Sepúlveda has acted as the General Counsel for ICA, the largest engineering, procurement and construction company in Mexico. As General Counsel, he co-ordinated a number of international arbitrations involving ICA and foreign governments. He also conducted arbitrations in Mexico.
Mr. Sepúlveda has throughout his entire career actively participated in academic endeavours. Since 1967, he has been Professor of International Law and of International Organizations at El Colegio de México in Mexico City where he is also Associate Research Fellow. Furthermore, for the past three decades, he has lectured at the Foreign Office institute devoted to the training of Mexican diplomats (Academia Diplomática Matias Romero) on international law and foreign policy.
He co-founded the Research Center on the United States at the Centro de Investigaciones y Docencia Económica (CIDE) in 1975-1976 and was its first Director. He was also in charge of the Seminar on International Legal Problems in the Political and Social Sciences Faculty at the Universidad Nacional de México from 1971 to 1976. More recently, from 1994 to 1996, he served as the Director for the Institute of European Integration Studies headquartered at El Colegio de México.
In 1974 through 1975, Mr. Sepúlveda was a member of the Executive Council of the American Society of International Law. He is also a founding member of Transparencia Mexicana, a non-governmental organization linked to International Transparency, belonging also to its Board of Directors. Recently, he was elected as President of the Mexican Branch of the International Law Association.
Mr. Sepúlveda belongs to the Editorial Board of Foro Internacional, the journal of international affairs of El Colegio de México. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the journal Este País. He has written a considerable number of books and articles concerning issues related to the United Nations, international law, foreign policy, and international economic issues. These works have been published in Mexico and abroad by leading publishers and specialized journals in the field.
In 2002 Mr. Sepúlveda was invited by the Hague Academy of International Law to deliver a series of lectures on the responsibilities of States, during its Regional Program held in Mexico City.
Mr. Sepúlveda is the recipient of numerous orders, decorations and medals awarded by foreign governments. Most notably, he received in 1984 from King Juan Carlos of Spain the “Principe de Asturias Prize” in the field of international co-operation. In 1985, Unesco awarded him the Simon Bolivar Prize. He has also received honorary doctorate degrees from the University of San Diego (1984), and the University of Leningrad, now St. Petersburg (1987). Mr. Sepúlveda is an Honorary Fellow of Queens’ College, University of Cambridge since 1990.
Bernardo Sepúlveda holds a law degree from the Faculty of Law at the Universidad Nacional de México (1964) where he graduated magna cum laude. He later earned a Master’s Degree in International Law from Cambridge University in Great Britain (1966). The University of Cambridge also awarded him the Diploma in International Law, for his thesis on “Collective Security in the Inter-American System”.
Bernardo Sepúlveda lives in Mexico City, where he was born on 14 December 1941.
Orders, decorations and medals
- Knights Grand Cross, the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (Great Britain).
- Grand Cross, Order of Isabel The Catholic (Spain)
- Grand Cross, Order of Civil Merit (Spain)
- Grand Cross, Order of Cruzeiro do Sul (Brazil)
- Grand Cross, Order of Rio Branco (Brazil)
- Grand Cross, Order of Boyacá (Colombia)
- Ribbon, Order of Kwang-Wha (Korea)
- Grand Cross, Order of General San Martín (Argentina)
- Gran Cordón, Order of the Libertador (Venezuela)
- Grand Cross, Orden de la Bandera Yugoslava (Yugoslavia)
- Grand Cross Orden de Cristo (Portugal)
- Grand Cross, Order Infante Don Henrique (Portugal)
- Grand Cross, Ordre de la Couronne (Belgium)
- Grand Officier, Ordre de la Légion d’Honneur (France)
- Commander Insignia of the Order of Merit, with the Star (Poland)
- Superior Commander, Grand Order of the Saviour (Greece)
- Grand Cross, Order of Vasco Núñéz de Balboa (Panama)
- Grand Cross, Order of Manuel Amador Guerrero (Panama)
- Grand Cross, Order of The Quetzal (Guatemala)
- Grand Cordon, Order of the Rising Sun (Japan)
- Grand Cross, Order of El Sol de Peru (Peru)
- Order of the Republic, First Class (Egypt)
- Commander, Order of Distinction (Jamaica)
- Doctor Honoris Causa, University of San Diego, California
- Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Leningrad
- Premio Príncipe de Asturias
- Premio Simón Bolivar.
[Original: English/Russian]
Born 26 March 1951 in Kalinin, USSR.
1974 Diploma in International Law; Moscow Institute of International Relations
1990 Fellow, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University
Brief career resume
2001-present Ambassador, Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation to the United Nations Office and other International Organizations in Geneva, as well as to the Conference on Disarmament
1998-2001 Director, Legal Department, Member of the Collegium, Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) of Russia
1992-1998 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Russian Federation to the Kingdom of the Netherlands
1991-1992 Director, Legal Department, MFA of Russia
1988-1991 Head of Division, International Law Department, MFA of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (general problems of international law, cooperation in countering new threats and challenges)
1981-1988 Third, Second, First Secretary (human rights issues), Head of Sector, Treaties and Law Division, MFA of the USSR (general problems of international law)
1977-1981 Officer, Permanent Mission of the USSR to the United Nations (United Nations General Assembly Third and Sixth Committees matters)
1974-1977 Officer, Consular Department, MFA of the USSR (legal issues)
Participation in major international forums and negotiations
2004 Representative of Russia in the First Committee, United Nations General Assembly, Fifty-ninth Session
2002-2004 Deputy Head/Head of the Russian delegation to the Fifty-eight, Fifty-ninth and Sixtieth Sessions of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
2004 Government Delegate of Russia to the Ninety-second Session of the International Labour Conference
2003 Head of the Russian delegation to the One-hundred-and-eleventh Session of the Executive Board of the World Health Organization
2003 Head of the Russian delegation to the 28th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent
2003 Deputy Head of the Russian delegation to the Substantive Annual Session of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
2003 Member of the Russian delegation to the World Summit on Information Society (WSIS)
2002-present Member, Board of Trustees of the United Nations Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
2002 Head of the Russian delegation to the Annual Meeting of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects
2001-2002 Head of the Russian delegation to the 3rd and 4th Annual Conferences of the States Parties to the Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices to the Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects
2001-2002 Head of the Russian delegation to the 5th Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction
1992, 1998-2002 Head of the Russian delegation to the negotiations with the Kingdom of Norway on the delimitation of exclusive economic zones and continental shelf in the Barents Sea
2001 Head of the Russian delegation to the 2nd Review Conference of the States Parties to the Convention on Prohibition or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons which May be Deemed to be Excessively Injurious or to have Indiscriminate Effects
2001 Head of the Russian delegation to the Forum on Afghan Refugees and Displaced Populations (Geneva)
2001 Chairman of the XXIV Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting, St Petersburg
1998-2001 Representative of Russia in the Ad Hoc Committee of Legal Advisers on Public International Law (CAHDI), Council of Europe. Participated in the 16th, 17th, 19th and 20th CAHDI meetings (Paris, 1998; Vienna, 1999; Berlin, 2000; Strasbourg, 2001)
1998-2000 Member of the Russian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly, Fifty-third to Fifty-fifth Sessions; Representative of Russia in the Sixth Committee
1999 Co-Chairman of the Russian-US Working Group on Law Enforcement
1999 Representative of Russia, “Ministerial on Ice”, Antarctica
1999 Head of the Russian delegation to the negotiations with the Governments of the Republic of Iceland and the Kingdom of Norway on the trilateral agreement concerning certain aspects of co-operation in the area of fisheries
1994-1998 Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration Steering Committee established by the Secretary-General pursuant to the authorization of the PCA Administrative Council with the purpose to assist the International Bureau and the Administrative Council in preparing for the centenary of the PCA, by making recommendations concerning revision of the Hague conventions and improvement of the PCA’s dispute settlement mechanisms
1992-1998 Member of the Administrative Council of the Permanent Court of Arbitration
1997 Deputy Head of the Russian delegation to the Second Session of the Conference of States Parties of the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons
1992 Member of the Russian delegation, Council of Heads of States of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
1991-1992 Member of the Russian delegation to the CIS meetings of Heads of States and Governments (Alma-Ata, 1991; Minsk, 1991; Moscow, 1992; Minsk, 1992)
1987-1989 Member of the delegation of the USSR to the Sixth Committee, United Nations General Assembly, Forty-second to Forty-forth Sessions
1986 Member of the delegation of the USSR to the session of the United Nations Commission on Human Rights
1985 Member of the delegation of the USSR, Meeting of Experts on Questions concerning Respect, in their States, for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, in all their Aspects, as embodied in the Final Act, CSCE (Ottawa)
1984 Representative of the USSR, United Nations Seminar on the Encouragement of Understanding, Tolerance and Respect in Matters relating to Freedom of Religion or Belief (Geneva)
1983 Member of the delegation of the USSR to the session of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)
1982 Member of the delegation of the USSR to the Third Committee, United Nations General Assembly, Thirty-seventh Session
1982 Representative of the USSR in the United Nations General Assembly 37th session Working Group on Principles of Medical Ethics relevant to the role of health personnel, particularly physicians, in the protection of prisoners and detainees against torture, and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment
1979-1981 Representative of the USSR in the United Nations General Assembly intersessional Working Group to elaborate an international convention on the protection of the rights of all migrant workers and their families
1976-1977 Member of the delegation of the USSR to the negotiations on bilateral consular conventions between the Government of the USSR and the Governments of the People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria, the Republic of Benin, the Republic of Cape Verde, the Republic of Mali, the Republic of Tunisia, the Republic of Turkey
Scholarly, research and expert activities
2004 Participated in the international Workshop on Article 51 of the United Nations Charter in Light of Future Threats to International Peace and Security organized by the Government of Switzerland as a contribution to the work of the High-Level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change (Geneva)
2002-present Member of the Foundation Council of the Geneva Centre for Security Policy
2000 Participated in the international conference “Entering the XXI Century: Primacy of Law in International Relations” (Moscow)
1999 Participated in the preparation and the work of the Meetings Dedicated to the Centennial of the first International Peace Conference (The Hague, May 1999; St. Petersburg, June 1999)
1998 Participated as a panellist in the Conference “Transatlantic Storms? US-European Relations After European Monetary Union (EMU)”, held by the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University (Talloires, France)
Member of the Russian Association of International Law.
Author of a number of publications on international law, among others:
- “The Right of Self-Defence and the New Security Imperatives”, “International Affairs”, Vol. 9, 2004;
- “Legal Limits of the Use of Force”, “International Affairs”, Vol. 11, 2003;
- “Entering the XXI Century: Primacy of Law in International Relations”, “International Affairs”, Vol. 12, 2000;
- “Primacy of Law in Politics” (co-author), “International Affairs”, Vol. 4, 1989.
Ranks and decorations
Diplomatic rank of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (1995).
Order of Friendship (2002).
Decree of Commendation by the President of the Russian Federation (2004).
Author of numerous publications on international law.
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