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Antioxidant Activity in Fruits and Leaves of Blackberry, Raspberry, and Strawberry Varies with Cultivar and Developmental Stage

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Fruit Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland 20705
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2000, 48, 2, 140–146
Publication Date (Web):January 14, 2000
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9908345
Copyright © Not subject to U.S. Copyright. Published 2000 American Chemical Society

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    Abstract

    Fruits and leaves from different cultivars of thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubusidaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubusoccidentalis L.), and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa D.) plants were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and total phenolic content. In addition, fruits were analyzed for total anthocyanin content. Blackberries and strawberries had the highest ORAC values during the green stages, whereas red raspberries had the highest ORAC activity at the ripe stage. Total anthocyanin content increased with maturity for all three species of fruits. Compared with fruits, leaves were found to have higher ORAC values. In fruits, ORAC values ranged from 7.8 to 33.7 μmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of fresh berries (35.0−162.1 μmol of TE/g of dry matter), whereas in leaves, ORAC values ranged from 69.7 to 182.2 μmol of TE/g of fresh leaves (205.0−728.8 μmol of TE/g of dry matter). As the leaves become older, the ORAC values and total phenolic contents decreased. The results showed a linear correlation between total phenolic content and ORAC activity for fruits and leaves. For ripe berries, a linear relationship existed between ORAC values and anthocyanin content. Of the ripe fruits tested, on the basis of wet weight of fruit, cv. Jewel black raspberry and blackberries may be the richest source for antioxidants. On the basis of the dry weight of fruit, strawberries had the highest ORAC activity followed by black raspberries (cv. Jewel), blackberries, and red raspberries.

    Keywords: Antioxidant; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radical; blackberry; raspberry; strawberry

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     Author to whom correspondence should be addressed [telephone (301) 504-5776; fax (301) 504-5062; e-mail swang@ asrr.arsusda.gov].

     Present address:  Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station, Changhua, Taiwan.

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