Antioxidant Activity in Fruits and Leaves of Blackberry, Raspberry, and Strawberry Varies with Cultivar and Developmental Stage
Abstract
Fruits and leaves from different cultivars of thornless blackberry (Rubus sp.), red raspberry (Rubusidaeus L.), black raspberry (Rubusoccidentalis L.), and strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa D.) plants were analyzed for total antioxidant capacity (oxygen radical absorbance capacity, ORAC) and total phenolic content. In addition, fruits were analyzed for total anthocyanin content. Blackberries and strawberries had the highest ORAC values during the green stages, whereas red raspberries had the highest ORAC activity at the ripe stage. Total anthocyanin content increased with maturity for all three species of fruits. Compared with fruits, leaves were found to have higher ORAC values. In fruits, ORAC values ranged from 7.8 to 33.7 μmol of Trolox equivalents (TE)/g of fresh berries (35.0−162.1 μmol of TE/g of dry matter), whereas in leaves, ORAC values ranged from 69.7 to 182.2 μmol of TE/g of fresh leaves (205.0−728.8 μmol of TE/g of dry matter). As the leaves become older, the ORAC values and total phenolic contents decreased. The results showed a linear correlation between total phenolic content and ORAC activity for fruits and leaves. For ripe berries, a linear relationship existed between ORAC values and anthocyanin content. Of the ripe fruits tested, on the basis of wet weight of fruit, cv. Jewel black raspberry and blackberries may be the richest source for antioxidants. On the basis of the dry weight of fruit, strawberries had the highest ORAC activity followed by black raspberries (cv. Jewel), blackberries, and red raspberries.
Keywords: Antioxidant; anthocyanin; phenolics; free radical; blackberry; raspberry; strawberry
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed [telephone (301) 504-5776; fax (301) 504-5062; e-mail swang@ asrr.arsusda.gov].
†
Present address: Taichung District Agricultural Improvement Station, Changhua, Taiwan.
Cited By
This article is cited by 896 publications.
- Taha M. Rababah, Muhammad H. Al-U’datt, Malak Angor, Sana Gammoh, Faten Abweni, Ghazi Magableh, Ali Almajwal, Sevil Yücel, Yara AL-Rayyan, Numan AL-Rayyan. Effect of Drying and Freezing on the Phytochemical Properties of Okra during Storage. ACS Omega 2023, 8 (38) , 34448-34457. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.3c02560
- Gihan Abeywickrama, Samir C. Debnath, Priyatharini Ambigaipalan, and Fereidoon Shahidi . Phenolics of Selected Cranberry Genotypes (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) and Their Antioxidant Efficacy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2016, 64 (49) , 9342-9351. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04291
- Michael A. Timmers, Jorge L. Guerrero-Medina, Debora Esposito, Mary H. Grace, Octavio Paredes-López, Pedro A. García-Saucedo, and Mary Ann Lila . Characterization of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities from Mamuyo (Styrax ramirezii Greenm.) Fruit. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2015, 63 (48) , 10459-10465. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04781
- Wei Yang, Aino-Liisa Alanne, Pengzhan Liu, Heikki Kallio, and Baoru Yang . Flavonol Glycosides in Currant Leaves and Variation with Growth Season, Growth Location, and Leaf Position. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2015, 63 (42) , 9269-9276. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5b04171
- Joanna Kolniak-Ostek, Alicja Z. Kucharska, Anna Sokół-Łętowska, and Izabela Fecka . Characterization of Phenolic Compounds of Thorny and Thornless Blackberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2015, 63 (11) , 3012-3021. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf5039794
- Anna Kårlund, Juha-Pekka Salminen, Piia Koskinen, Jeffrey R. Ahern, Maarit Karonen, Kari Tiilikkala, and Reijo O. Karjalainen . Polyphenols in Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) Leaves Induced by Plant Activators. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2014, 62 (20) , 4592-4600. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf405589f
- Mattia Gasperotti, Domenico Masuero, Graziano Guella, Luisa Palmieri, Paolo Martinatti, Elisa Pojer, Fulvio Mattivi, and Urska Vrhovsek . Evolution of Ellagitannin Content and Profile during Fruit Ripening in Fragaria spp.. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2013, 61 (36) , 8597-8607. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf402706h
- Rui C. Pimpão, Tristan Dew, Pedro B. Oliveira, Gary Williamson, Ricardo B. Ferreira, and Claudia N. Santos . Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Portuguese Wild and Commercial Berries after Multienzyme Hydrolysis. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2013, 61 (17) , 4053-4062. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf305498j
- Chunyang Li, Jin Feng, Wu-Yang Huang, and Xiao-Ting An . Composition of Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Rabbiteye Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei) in Nanjing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2013, 61 (3) , 523-531. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3046158
- Lydia Kaume, Luke R. Howard, and Latha Devareddy . The Blackberry Fruit: A Review on Its Composition and Chemistry, Metabolism and Bioavailability, and Health Benefits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (23) , 5716-5727. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203318p
- Patricia Dobson, Julie Graham, D. Stewart, Rex Brennan, Christine A. Hackett, and Gordon J. McDougall . Over-seasons Analysis of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Raspberry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (21) , 5360-5366. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3005178
- Barbara Kusznierewicz, Anna Piekarska, Barbara Mrugalska, Piotr Konieczka, Jacek Namieśnik, and Agnieszka Bartoszek . Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Properties of Polish Blue-Berried Honeysuckle Genotypes by HPLC-DAD-MS, HPLC Postcolumn Derivatization with ABTS or FC, and TLC with DPPH Visualization. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (7) , 1755-1763. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf2039839
- Anu Lavola, Reijo Karjalainen, and Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto . Bioactive Polyphenols in Leaves, Stems, and Berries of Saskatoon (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt.) Cultivars. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2012, 60 (4) , 1020-1027. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf204056s
- Jan Oszmiański, Aneta Wojdyl̷o, Józef Gorzelany, and Ireneusz Kapusta . Identification and Characterization of Low Molecular Weight Polyphenols in Berry Leaf Extracts by HPLC-DAD and LC-ESI/MS. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2011, 59 (24) , 12830-12835. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf203052j
- Jodee L. Johnson, Joshua A. Bomser, Joseph C. Scheerens, and M. Monica Giusti . Effect of Black Raspberry (Rubus occidentalis L.) Extract Variation Conditioned by Cultivar, Production Site, and Fruit Maturity Stage on Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2011, 59 (5) , 1638-1645. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1023388
- Florine Poiroux-Gonord, Luc P. R. Bidel, Anne-Laure Fanciullino, Hélène Gautier, Félicie Lauri-Lopez, and Laurent Urban . Health Benefits of Vitamins and Secondary Metabolites of Fruits and Vegetables and Prospects To Increase Their Concentrations by Agronomic Approaches. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58 (23) , 12065-12082. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1037745
- Siv Fagertun Remberg, Anita Sønsteby, Kjersti Aaby and Ola M. Heide . Influence of Postflowering Temperature on Fruit Size and Chemical Composition of Glen Ample Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58 (16) , 9120-9128. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf101736q
- Chien Y. Wang, Hangjun Chen, Peng Jin and Haiyan Gao . Maintaining Quality of Litchi Fruit with Acidified Calcium Sulfate. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58 (15) , 8658-8666. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100607e
- Edith O. Cuevas-Rodríguez, Gad G. Yousef, Pedro A. García-Saucedo, José López-Medina, Octavio Paredes-López and Mary Ann Lila . Characterization of Anthocyanins and Proanthocyanidins in Wild and Domesticated Mexican Blackberries (Rubus spp.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58 (12) , 7458-7464. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf101485r
- Antonieta Ruiz, Isidro Hermosín-Gutiérrez, Claudia Mardones, Carola Vergara, Erika Herlitz, Mario Vega, Carolin Dorau, Peter Winterhalter and Dietrich von Baer . Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity of Calafate (Berberis microphylla) Fruits and Other Native Berries from Southern Chile. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2010, 58 (10) , 6081-6089. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf100173x
- J. M. Fuentes-Alventosa, S. Jaramillo, G. Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, P. Cermeño, J. A. Espejo, A. Jiménez-Araujo, R. Guillén-Bejarano, J. Fernández-Bolaños and R. Rodríguez-Arcos. Flavonoid Profile of Green Asparagus Genotypes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2008, 56 (16) , 6977-6984. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf8009766
- Shiow Y. Wang, Chi-Tsun Chen, William Sciarappa, Chien Y. Wang and Mary J. Camp. Fruit Quality, Antioxidant Capacity, and Flavonoid Content of Organically and Conventionally Grown Blueberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2008, 56 (14) , 5788-5794. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf703775r
- Artemio Z. Tulio, Jr., R. Neil Reese, Faith J. Wyzgoski, Peter L. Rinaldi, Ruiling Fu, Joseph C. Scheerens and A. Raymond Miller. Cyanidin 3-Rutinoside and Cyanidin 3-Xylosylrutinoside as Primary Phenolic Antioxidants in Black Raspberry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2008, 56 (6) , 1880-1888. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf072313k
- Daniela Hampel, Anna Swatski, Armin Mosandl and Matthias Wüst. Biosynthesis of Monoterpenes and Norisoprenoids in Raspberry Fruits (Rubus idaeus L.): The Role of Cytosolic Mevalonate and Plastidial Methylerythritol Phosphate Pathway. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55 (22) , 9296-9304. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071311x
- Christian Mertz, Veronique Cheynier, Ziya Günata and Pierre Brat. Analysis of Phenolic Compounds in Two Blackberry Species (Rubus glaucus and Rubus adenotrichus) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electrospray Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55 (21) , 8616-8624. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071475d
- Vanisree Mulabagal, Steven Van Nocker, David L. Dewitt and Muraleedharan G. Nair . Cultivars of Apple Fruits That Are Not Marketed with Potential for Anthocyanin Production. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55 (20) , 8165-8169. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0718300
- Chien Y. Wang,, Shiow Y. Wang,, Jun-Jie Yin,, John Parry, and, Liangli Lucy Yu. Enhancing Antioxidant, Antiproliferation, and Free Radical Scavenging Activities in Strawberries with Essential Oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55 (16) , 6527-6532. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf070429a
- Hsiu-Ling Tsai,, Sam K. C. Chang, and, Sue-Joan Chang. Antioxidant Content and Free Radical Scavenging Ability of Fresh Red Pummelo [Citrus grandis (L.) Osbeck] Juice and Freeze-Dried Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2007, 55 (8) , 2867-2872. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0633847
- Kanjana Mahattanatawee,, John A. Manthey,, Gary Luzio,, Stephen T. Talcott,, Kevin Goodner, and, Elizabeth A. Baldwin. Total Antioxidant Activity and Fiber Content of Select Florida-Grown Tropical Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54 (19) , 7355-7363. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060566s
- Rosana Chirinos,, David Campos,, Indira Betalleluz,, M. Monica Giusti,, Steven J. Schwartz,, Qingguo Tian,, Romina Pedreschi, and, Yvan Larondelle. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detection (HPLC−DAD)/HPLC−Mass Spectrometry (MS) Profiling of Anthocyanins from Andean Mashua Tubers (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz and Pavón) and Their Contribution to the Overall Antioxidant Activity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54 (19) , 7089-7097. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0614140
- Jessica Tabart,, Claire Kevers,, Joël Pincemail,, Jean-Olivier Defraigne, and, Jacques Dommes. Antioxidant Capacity of Black Currant Varies with Organ, Season, and Cultivar. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54 (17) , 6271-6276. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf061112y
- María Serrano,, Juan Miguel Valverde,, Fabián Guillén,, Salvador Castillo,, Domingo Martínez-Romero, and, Daniel Valero. Use of Aloe vera Gel Coating Preserves the Functional Properties of Table Grapes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54 (11) , 3882-3886. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf060168p
- Thiago R. L. C. Paixão,, Denise Lowinsohn, and, Mauro Bertotti. Use of an Electrochemically Etched Platinum Microelectrode for Ascorbic Acid Mapping in Oranges. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2006, 54 (8) , 3072-3077. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf052874g
- Pu Jing and, M. Mónica Giusti. Characterization of Anthocyanin-Rich Waste from Purple Corncobs (Zea mays L.) and Its Application to Color Milk. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (22) , 8775-8781. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051247o
- Sergey V. Mylnikov,, Harri I. Kokko,, Sirpa O. Kärenlampi,, Tatiana I. Oparina,, Howard V. Davies, and, Derek Stewart. Rubus Fruit Juices Affect Lipid Peroxidation in a Drosophila melanogaster Model in Vivo. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (20) , 7728-7733. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf051303l
- Yvonne Klopotek,, Konrad Otto, and, Volker Böhm. Processing Strawberries to Different Products Alters Contents of Vitamin C, Total Phenolics, Total Anthocyanins, and Antioxidant Capacity. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (14) , 5640-5646. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047947v
- Mariana Domínguez,, Antonio Nieto,, Juan C. Marin,, Anna-Sigrid Keck,, Elizabeth Jeffery, and, Carlos L. Céspedes. Antioxidant Activities of Extracts from Barkleyanthus salicifolius (Asteraceae) and Penstemon gentianoides (Scrophulariaceae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (15) , 5889-5895. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0504972
- Taha M. Rababah,, Khalil I. Ereifej, and, L. Howard. Effect of Ascorbic Acid and Dehydration on Concentrations of Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Capacity, Anthocyanins, and Color in Fruits. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (11) , 4444-4447. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502810
- Shiow Y. Wang,, Rentian Feng,, Yongju Lu,, Linda Bowman, and, Min Ding. Inhibitory Effect on Activator Protein-1, Nuclear Factor-KappaB, and Cell Transformation by Extracts of Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (10) , 4187-4193. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0478049
- Jules Beekwilder,, Harry Jonker,, Patrick Meesters,, Robert D. Hall,, Ingrid M. van der Meer, and, C. H. Ric de Vos. Antioxidants in Raspberry: On-Line Analysis Links Antioxidant Activity to a Diversity of Individual Metabolites. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (9) , 3313-3320. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf047880b
- Kjersti Aaby,, Grete Skrede, and, Ronald E. Wrolstad. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities in Flesh and Achenes of Strawberries (Fragaria ananassa). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (10) , 4032-4040. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048001o
- Shiow Y. Wang,, Rentian Feng,, Linda Bowman,, Ross Penhallegon,, Min Ding, and, Y. Lu. Antioxidant Activity in Lingonberries (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and Its Inhibitory Effect on Activator Protein-1, Nuclear Factor-κB, and Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Activation. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (8) , 3156-3166. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048379m
- Ryszard Zadernowski,, Marian Naczk, and, Jarosław Nesterowicz. Phenolic Acid Profiles in Some Small Berries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2005, 53 (6) , 2118-2124. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf040411p
- Thanyaporn Siriwoharn,, Ronald E. Wrolstad,, Chad E. Finn, and, Clifford B. Pereira. Influence of Cultivar, Maturity, and Sampling on Blackberry (Rubus L. Hybrids) Anthocyanins, Polyphenolics, and Antioxidant Properties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (26) , 8021-8030. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf048619y
- Kaarina Viljanen,, Petri Kylli,, Riitta Kivikari, and, Marina Heinonen. Inhibition of Protein and Lipid Oxidation in Liposomes by Berry Phenolics. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (24) , 7419-7424. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049198n
- Kaisu R. Määttä-Riihinen,, Afaf Kamal-Eldin, and, A. Riitta Törrönen. Identification and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds in Berries of Fragaria and Rubus Species (Family Rosaceae). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (20) , 6178-6187. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049450r
- Aurora Napolitano,, Annunziata Cascone,, Giulia Graziani,, Rosalia Ferracane,, Luca Scalfi,, Claudio Di Vaio,, Alberto Ritieni, and, Vincenzo Fogliano. Influence of Variety and Storage on the Polyphenol Composition of Apple Flesh. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (21) , 6526-6531. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf049822w
- Keith Klesk,, Michael Qian, and, Robert R. Martin. Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis of cv. Meeker (Rubus idaeus L.) Red Raspberries from Oregon and Washington. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (16) , 5155-5161. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0498721
- Megumi Matsumoto,, Hiroshi Hara,, Hideyuki Chiji, and, Takanori Kasai. Gastroprotective Effect of Red Pigments in Black Chokeberry Fruit (Aronia melanocarpa Elliot) on Acute Gastric Hemorrhagic Lesions in Rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (8) , 2226-2229. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034818q
- David Del Pozo-Insfran,, Carmen H. Brenes, and, Stephen T. Talcott. Phytochemical Composition and Pigment Stability of Açai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (6) , 1539-1545. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035189n
- Joseph O. Kuti and, Hima B. Konuru. Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content in Leaf Extracts of Tree Spinach (Cnidoscolus spp.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (1) , 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030246y
- Olga A. Zaporozhets,, Olena A. Krushynska,, Natalia A. Lipkovska, and, Valentina N. Barvinchenko. A New Test Method for the Evaluation of Total Antioxidant Activity of Herbal Products. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2004, 52 (1) , 21-25. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0343480
- Crepin Ella Missang,, Sylvain Guyot, and, Catherine M. G. C. Renard. Flavonols and Anthocyanins of Bush Butter, Dacryodes edulis (G. Don) H.J. Lam, Fruit. Changes in Their Composition during Ripening. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (25) , 7475-7480. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0346399
- Katherine J. Meyers,, Christopher B. Watkins,, Marvin P. Pritts, and, Rui Hai Liu. Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Strawberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (23) , 6887-6892. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf034506n
- Eduardo Pastrana-Bonilla,, Casimir C. Akoh,, Subramani Sellappan, and, Gerard Krewer. Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Muscadine Grapes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (18) , 5497-5503. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf030113c
- Shiow Y. Wang,, James A. Bunce, and, J. L. Maas. Elevated Carbon Dioxide Increases Contents of Antioxidant Compounds in Field-Grown Strawberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (15) , 4315-4320. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf021172d
- Doris W. Lau and, Annie J. King. Pre- and Post-Mortem Use of Grape Seed Extract in Dark Poultry Meat To Inhibit Development of Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (6) , 1602-1607. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020740m
- Danny K. Asami,, Yun-Jeong Hong,, Diane M. Barrett, and, Alyson E. Mitchell. Comparison of the Total Phenolic and Ascorbic Acid Content of Freeze-Dried and Air-Dried Marionberry, Strawberry, and Corn Grown Using Conventional, Organic, and Sustainable Agricultural Practices. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (5) , 1237-1241. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020635c
- Shin-ichi Kayano,, Naoko Fukutsuka Yamada,, Tomoo Suzuki,, Takao Ikami,, Kochiro Shioaki,, Hiroe Kikuzaki,, Takahiko Mitani, and, Nobuji Nakatani. Quantitative Evaluation of Antioxidant Components in Prunes (Prunus domestica L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (5) , 1480-1485. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025929c
- Lena M. Strålsjö,, Cornelia M. Witthöft,, Ingegerd M. Sjöholm, and, Margaretha I. Jägerstad. Folate Content in Strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa): Effects of Cultivar, Ripeness, Year of Harvest, Storage, and Commercial Processing. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (1) , 128-133. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020699n
- Wei Zheng and, Shiow Y. Wang. Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity of Phenolics in Blueberries, Cranberries, Chokeberries, and Lingonberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2003, 51 (2) , 502-509. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020728u
- Florian C. Stintzing,, Angela S. Stintzing,, Reinhold Carle,, Balz Frei, and, Ronald E. Wrolstad. Color and Antioxidant Properties of Cyanidin-Based Anthocyanin Pigments. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (21) , 6172-6181. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0204811
- L. R. Howard,, N. Pandjaitan,, T. Morelock, and, M. I. Gil. Antioxidant Capacity and Phenolic Content of Spinach As Affected by Genetics and Growing Season. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (21) , 5891-5896. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020507o
- Shiow Y. Wang,, Wei Zheng, and, Gene J. Galletta. Cultural System Affects Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Capacity in Strawberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (22) , 6534-6542. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020614i
- J. E. Cacace and, G. Mazza. Extraction of Anthocyanins and Other Phenolics from Black Currants with Sulfured Water. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (21) , 5939-5946. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025614x
- Leslie Wada and, Boxin Ou. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Oregon Caneberries. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (12) , 3495-3500. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011405l
- Shin-ichi Kayano,, Hiroe Kikuzaki,, Naoko Fukutsuka,, Takahiko Mitani, and, Nobuji Nakatani. Antioxidant Activity of Prune (Prunus domestica L.) Constituents and a New Synergist. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (13) , 3708-3712. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0200164
- Richard A. Moyer,, Kim E. Hummer,, Chad E. Finn,, Balz Frei, and, Ronald E. Wrolstad. Anthocyanins, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity in Diverse Small Fruits: Vaccinium, Rubus, and Ribes. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2002, 50 (3) , 519-525. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf011062r
- Wei Zheng and, Shiow Y. Wang. Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Compounds in Selected Herbs. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2001, 49 (11) , 5165-5170. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010697n
- Shiow Y. Wang and, Wei Zheng. Effect of Plant Growth Temperature on Antioxidant Capacity in Strawberry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2001, 49 (10) , 4977-4982. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0106244
- Dimitris P. Makris and, John T. Rossiter. Domestic Processing of Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa) and Asparagus Spears (Asparagus officinalis): Effect on Flavonol Content and Antioxidant Status. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2001, 49 (7) , 3216-3222. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001497z
- Shiow Y. Wang and, Allan W. Stretch. Antioxidant Capacity in Cranberry Is Influenced by Cultivar and Storage Temperature. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2001, 49 (2) , 969-974. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf001206m
- Hongjun Jiao and, Shiow Y. Wang. Correlation of Antioxidant Capacities to Oxygen Radical Scavenging Enzyme Activities in Blackberry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48 (11) , 5672-5676. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000765q
- Shiow Y. Wang and, Hongjun Jiao. Scavenging Capacity of Berry Crops on Superoxide Radicals, Hydrogen Peroxide, Hydroxyl Radicals, and Singlet Oxygen. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 2000, 48 (11) , 5677-5684. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf000766i
- Shirin Rahmanzadeh-Ishkeh, Habib Shirzad, Zahra Tofighi, Mohammad Fattahi, Youbert Ghosta. Exogenous melatonin prolongs raspberry postharvest life quality by increasing some antioxidant and enzyme activity and phytochemical contents. Scientific Reports 2024, 14 (1) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62111-1
- Lucia Regolo, Francesca Giampieri, Maurizio Battino, Yasmany Armas Diaz, Bruno Mezzetti, Maria Elexpuru-Zabaleta, Cristina Mazas, Kilian Tutusaus, Luca Mazzoni. From by-products to new application opportunities: the enhancement of the leaves deriving from the fruit plants for new potential healthy products. Frontiers in Nutrition 2024, 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2024.1083759
- Tarik Chileh-Chelh, Minerva Carmona-Fernández, Mohamed Ezzaitouni, Miguel Á. Rincón-Cervera, Rosalía López-Ruiz, Francisco Gómez-Mercado, José L. Guil-Guerrero. Bioactive compounds and bioactivity of the heads of wild artichokes. Food Bioscience 2024, 59 , 104134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104134
- Mostafa Shahraki Jazinaki, Mina Nosrati, Mahla Chambari, Tannaz Jamialahmadi, Amirhossein Sahebkar. The Effects of Raspberry Consumption on Glycemic Control and Inflammation Markers in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Current Developments in Nutrition 2024, 8 (6) , 102161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cdnut.2024.102161
- Ragaa A Hamouda, Marwa S Abdel‐Hamid, Nashwa Hagagy, Ashraf M Nofal. The potent effect of selenium nanoparticles: insight into the antifungal activity and preservation of postharvest strawberries from gray mold diseases. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2024, 13 https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.13502
- Mathilde Trudel-Ferland, Marie-Ève Collard, Valérie Goulet-Beaulieu, Eric Jubinville, Fabienne Hamon, Julie Jean. Evaluation of a new automated viral RNA extraction platform for hepatitis A virus and human norovirus in testing of berries, lettuce, and oysters. International Journal of Food Microbiology 2024, 416 , 110664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110664
- Lucia Camelia Pirvu, Nicoleta Rusu, Cristina Bazdoaca, Elena Androne, Georgeta Neagu, Adrian Albulescu. A View on the Chemical and Biological Attributes of Five Edible Fruits after Finishing Their Shelf Life: Studies on Caco-2 Cells. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2024, 25 (9) , 4848. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25094848
- Mariona Gil i Cortiella, Ricardo I. Castro, Carolina Parra-Palma, Angela Méndez-Yáñez, Patricio Ramos, Luis Morales-Quintana. Analysis of the contents of Ugni molinae Turcz fruits across the ripening stages. Folia Horticulturae 2024, Article ASAP.
- Natalia Dobros, Agnieszka Zielińska, Paweł Siudem, Katarzyna Dorota Zawada, Katarzyna Paradowska. Profile of Bioactive Components and Antioxidant Activity of Aronia melanocarpa Fruits at Various Stages of Their Growth, Using Chemometric Methods. Antioxidants 2024, 13 (4) , 462. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13040462
- Zexiu Qi, Bei Yang, Francesca Giampieri, Danila Cianciosi, José Miguel Alvarez-Suarez, Maria Elexpuru-Zabaleta, Josè L. Quiles, Tamara Y. Forbes-Hernandez, Di Zhang, Weibin Bai, Lingmin Tian, Bruno Mezzetti, Maurizio Battino, Yasmany Armas Diaz. The preventive and inhibitory effects of red raspberries on cancer. Journal of Berry Research 2024, 14 (1) , 61-71. https://doi.org/10.3233/JBR-240004
- Samira Moradi, Mahmoud Koushesh Saba, Sharareh Sadeghi, Paolo Inglese, Giorgia Liguori. Changes in Biochemical and Bioactive Compounds in Two Red Grape Cultivars during Ripening and Cold Storage. Agronomy 2024, 14 (3) , 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14030487
- Mara Heckmann, Verena Stadlbauer, Ivana Drotarova, Theresa Gramatte, Michaela Feichtinger, Verena Arnaut, Stefanie Atzmüller, Bettina Schwarzinger, Clemens Röhrl, Bernhard Blank-Landeshammer, Julian Weghuber. Identification of Oxidative-Stress-Reducing Plant Extracts from a Novel Extract Library—Comparative Analysis of Cell-Free and Cell-Based In Vitro Assays to Quantitate Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants 2024, 13 (3) , 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13030297
- Ailton S. S. Júnior, Felipe J. Aidar, Luiz A. S. Silva, Thais de B. Silva, Sara F. M. de Almeida, Daiane C. S. Teles, Waldecy de L. Junior, Dulce M. Schimieguel, Daniel A. de Souza, Ana C. S. Nascimento, Enilton A. Camargo, Jymmys L. dos Santos, Ana M. de O. e Silva, Rogéria de S. Nunes, Lysandro P. Borges, Ana A. M. Lira. Influence of Lemongrass Essential Oil (Cymbopogon flexuosus) Supplementation on Diabetes in Rat Model. Life 2024, 14 (3) , 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030336
- Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Jelena Tomić, Boris Rilak, Marijana Pešaković, Svetlana M. Paunović. Fruit Quality Evaluation of Red Raspberry Cultivars Grown in Western Serbia. Applied Fruit Science 2024, 66 (1) , 71-80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-023-01011-6
- Deepak Banerjee, Vinay Kukreja, Nisha Chandran S., Shanmugasundaram Hariharan, Ashish Garg. CNN and SVM-based Model for Effective Blackberry Leaf Disease Classification. 2024, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1109/ASSIC60049.2024.10507945
- Mariela Rodríguez, Federico Bianchi, Barbara Simonato, Corrado Rizzi, Ariel Fontana, Valeria A. Tironi. Exploration of grape pomace peels and amaranth flours as functional ingredients in the elaboration of breads: phenolic composition, bioaccessibility, and antioxidant activity. Food & Function 2024, 15 (2) , 608-624. https://doi.org/10.1039/D3FO04494G
- Vikas Kumar, Ankita Sharma, Nitin Sharma, Rakshandha Saini, Kamal Dev, Mohamed El-Shazly, Ahamed Basha Abdul Bari. A review of botany, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of Rubus ellipticus Smith fruits. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 2024, 28 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-024-02964-5
- Justyna Szwejda-Grzybowska, Ewa Ropelewska, Anna Wrzodak, Teresa Sabat. The influence of natural preparations on the chemical composition, flesh structure and sensory quality of pepper fruit in organic greenhouse cultivation. Food Control 2024, 155 , 110088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2023.110088
- Â. C. O. Lima, E. R. Dias, I. M. A. Reis, K. O. Carneiro, A. M. Pinheiro, A. S. Nascimento, S. M. P. C. Silva, C. A. L. Carvalho, A. V. R. Mendonça, I. J. C. Vieira, R. Braz Filho, A. Branco. Ferulic acid as major antioxidant phenolic compound of the Tetragonisca angustula honey collected in Vera Cruz - Itaparica Island, Bahia, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 2024, 84 https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253599
- María Cartagena, Larisa Giura, Diana Ansorena, Iciar Astiasaran. A texture-modified dessert with high nutritional value designed for people with dysphagia: effect of refrigeration and frozen storage. Food Science and Human Wellness 2024, 13 (1) , 462-471. https://doi.org/10.26599/FSHW.2022.9250040
- Ana Angélica Feregrino-Pérez, Adán Mercado-Luna, Carlos Alberto Murillo-Cárdenas, Rosalinda González-Santos, Jorge Luis Chávez-Servín, Angel Félix Vargas-Madriz, Eduardo Luna-Sánchez. Polyphenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Capacity in Native Maize of the Sierra Gorda of Querétaro. Agronomy 2024, 14 (1) , 142. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010142
- Yaqiong Wu, Xin Huang, Chunhong Zhang, Haiyan Yang, Lianfei Lyu, Weilin Li, Wenlong Wu. Genome-Wide Characterization and Expression of the bZIP Family in Black Raspberry. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation 2024, 43 (1) , 259-271. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00344-023-11082-0
- Iulia Varzaru, Alexandra Gabriela Oancea, Petru Alexandru Vlaicu, Mihaela Saracila, Arabela Elena Untea. Exploring the Antioxidant Potential of Blackberry and Raspberry Leaves: Phytochemical Analysis, Scavenging Activity, and In Vitro Polyphenol Bioaccessibility. Antioxidants 2023, 12 (12) , 2125. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox12122125
- Natividad Chaves, Laura Nogales, Ismael Montero-Fernández, José Blanco-Salas, Juan Carlos Alías. Mediterranean Shrub Species as a Source of Biomolecules against Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2023, 28 (24) , 8133. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28248133
- Mabel Guevara-Terán, Ana M. Gonzalez-Paramás, Andrea Beltrán-Noboa, Francesca Giampieri, Maurizio Battino, Eduardo Tejera, José M. Alvarez-Suarez. Influence of altitude on the physicochemical composition and antioxidant capacity of strawberry: a preliminary systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytochemistry Reviews 2023, 22 (6) , 1567-1584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-022-09834-z
- Laura Montaldo, Alicia Gallo, Gabriela Rocha, Cecilia Csernoch, Mauricio De Marzi, Liliana N Guerra. Anthocyanin-Enriched Extract from Ribes nigrum Inhibits Triglyceride and Cholesterol Accumulation in Adipocytes. Therapeutic Delivery 2023, 14 (11) , 675-687. https://doi.org/10.4155/tde-2023-0018