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Economics, Cultural Studies, World Trade Organization, International trade law, International Political Economy, International Trade, and 9 moreDigital Media, Cultural Diversity, Cultural goods, Economics of Culture, Financial Markets, Capital Markets, Financial Crisis of 2008/2009, International Finance, and Labour Market edit
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Assistant professor at Institute of Political Science and Public Administration UKSW in Warsawedit
The purpose of the article is to present mutual interactions between the subsidiarity principle, aimed at organizing competences in the implementation of tasks of central units and lower administrative levels, and the objectives and means... more
The purpose of the article is to present mutual interactions between the subsidiarity principle, aimed at organizing competences in the implementation of tasks of central units and lower administrative levels, and the objectives and means used in the framework of EU regional policy. The proper implementation of this principle is, however, limited not only by a number of technical and organizational difficulties, but above all by various interpretations of the requirements it entails. The processes of gradual resignation from traditional top-down redistribution of funds in favor of their more effective use to support local development, observed in EU regional policy, are in line with the principle of subsidiarity and make a significant contribution to the transformation the society of customers-citizens into civil society.
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The new approach to cohesion proposed in the Lisbon Strategy in the light of increasing global competition, demographic problems and knowledge-based development is an attempt to creatively combine competitiveness and convergence. The... more
The new approach to cohesion proposed in the Lisbon Strategy in the light of increasing global competition, demographic problems and knowledge-based development is an attempt to creatively combine competitiveness and convergence. The successful implementation of the Lisbon Strategy requires close integration of its postulates with the assumptions of EU cohesion policy. Therefore, the strategy should be read as an opportunity to determine a new balance between economic growth and regional and social diversity of the European Union. The assumptions adopted in the article regarding the role of cohesion policy in implementing the postulates of the Lisbon Strategy stem from the belief that the European Union is guided by ambitions that go far beyond the specificity of a free trade area, in which regional policy only includes the redistribution of funds to the least developed areas in order to bridge the income gap. The 'European project' covers both the political and socio-economic dimensions, which allows us to understand cohesion policy in terms of an instrument serving such a development model, which is based on solidarity and cooperation.
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An image and a visualisation are placed in the center of so-called visual consumption as a pillar of new forms of economy called "experience economy". A consumer becomes a purchaser of events-products "realized" by companies-directors... more
An image and a visualisation are placed in the center of so-called visual consumption as a pillar of new forms of economy called "experience economy". A consumer becomes a purchaser of events-products "realized" by companies-directors that should provide "spectator" with so-called experimental value which is result of interesting, positive and unforgettable impressions created by visual effects. A Bauman's client is influenced by the companies' marketing strategy that through visual effects - present both in the different methods of creating visual brand identity and also in the publicity campaign using persuasive character of image - create the basis for so-called visual consumption.
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The purpose of the chapter is to analyze the contribution that the business sphere makes to overcoming discrimination against seniors, mainly through the activities of those economic entities whose ambitions are based on compliance with... more
The purpose of the chapter is to analyze the contribution that the business sphere makes to overcoming discrimination against seniors, mainly through the activities of those economic entities whose ambitions are based on compliance with the principles of corporate social responsibility. "Diversity policy" aimed at combating and counteracting discrimination against seniors is present - at least declaratively - in many enterprises operating in Poland, although the most anti-discrimination regulations and self-regulation concern employees. Increasingly, these regulations also apply to senior clients. Certainly, the primary reason for anti-discrimination regulations and actions targeted at this group is their growing market power, but pro-social intentions cannot be excluded either. An effective anti-discrimination policy in an enterprise cannot be based solely on a number of regulations and systematic implementation of "good practices", but has to consist in the dissemination within the organizational culture of awareness that seniors are not only significant capital (especially due to their knowledge and experience), but also full members of social and economic life.
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The innovativeness of SMEs is a crucial factor of achieving economic benefits and enhancing competitive position of enterprises and economies. The aim of the article is to present the economic and institutional background of Polish SMEs’... more
The innovativeness of SMEs is a crucial factor of achieving economic benefits and enhancing competitive position of enterprises and economies. The aim of the article is to present the economic and institutional background of Polish SMEs’ innovativeness, as a starting point taking the description of the condition and the motives for the engagement of the SMEs entrepreneurs in the innovative activity. Moreover, the attention was paid to the most important obstacles to develop and implement new technologies in the SME sector, considering their institutional, cultural, financial and organisational dimensions. Addressing the above mentioned barriers should be the central point of innovation policy fostering effectively the Polish SMEs’ national and global competitiveness.
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The first part of the article presents the basic principles of functioning of the monetary union, introducing the issue of the balance of costs and benefits of participating in the Eurozone, convergence criteria and differences in the... more
The first part of the article presents the basic principles of functioning of the monetary union, introducing the issue of the balance of costs and benefits of participating in the Eurozone, convergence criteria and differences in the conduct of monetary and fiscal policy in Euroland. Part two discusses the causes and manifestations of the economic crisis in the euro area. The third part is devoted to the anti-crisis activities of the euro area countries and EU institutions.
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The article moots the problem of the reciprocal relations between unity and cultural diversity in the European Union and its implications in the light of the Catholic Church's doctrine. The so-called European values are perceived as a... more
The article moots the problem of the reciprocal relations between unity and cultural diversity in the European Union and its implications in the light of the Catholic Church's doctrine. The so-called European values are perceived as a pillar of EU's unity, but their relative character implies, that the EU's identity can be endangered by the emerging cultural diversity. Since the European culture consists of many national and regional cultures, it is of paramount importance to manage the interactions between them, particularly because of the increasing multiculturalism of the European societies. The principle "united in diversity" was defined and implemented in the Catholic Church, especially in its missionary work, where the processes of inculturation are prevalent. The Catholic Church's vision of the principle allows to harmonize the unity and cultural pluralism on the base of fundamental values, which are simultaneously the roots of the European culture. "The spiritual Europe", as a concept presented by the Pope John Paul II and Robert Schuman, is aiming at reconciling the cultural homogeneity based on the common identity and the openness to other cultures, without eliminating their characteristic features and making a point of departure for successful intercultural dialogue.
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The performed analysis indicates that one of the basic reasons for current economic difficulties in the Euro zone was the dominance of the political factor when establishing the principles of EMU functioning, which resulted from the... more
The performed analysis indicates that one of the basic reasons for current economic difficulties in the Euro zone was the dominance of the political factor when establishing the principles of EMU functioning, which resulted from the willingness to obtain additional international credibility in the eyes of the widest possible circle of states constituting the monetary union. Marginalization of economic rationality, lack of appropriate institutional solutions and gradual "watering down" of previously-adopted safety mechanisms lie at the heart of Euro zone's low resistance to negative outside influence and destabilizing internal factors. These phenomena result in the necessity to precede Poland's decision to adopt the common currency with a well-balanced calculation of economic and political costs and benefits, resulting from the lifting of derogation concerning the participation in the 3rd stage of the EMU. Although fulfilling the formal requirements for replacing the Polish zloty with the European currency in the form of nominal and legal convergence criteria, in the light of the ECB's assessment, does not present major difficulties, determining the appropriate moment to accede the Euro zone might be a challenge, particularly in the context of dynamic structural changes in the zone and, more probably, of the future reconceptualization of the European monetary union.
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Both the discussion around the axiological roots of human rights adopted in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as well as concerns about the uncontrolled increase of EU competences in the area of human rights... more
Both the discussion around the axiological roots of human rights adopted in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, as well as concerns about the uncontrolled increase of EU competences in the
area of human rights protection have resulted in the establishment of restrictions on the Charter’s impact on national legal systems, among others in the form of declarations and protocols incorporated into primary law at the request of certain member states, including Poland. Despite legal doubts concerning their effectiveness in protecting national traditions against
harmonization in the spirit of left-wing liberalism, they express a consensus arising from the desire to respect the principle of unity in diversity.
area of human rights protection have resulted in the establishment of restrictions on the Charter’s impact on national legal systems, among others in the form of declarations and protocols incorporated into primary law at the request of certain member states, including Poland. Despite legal doubts concerning their effectiveness in protecting national traditions against
harmonization in the spirit of left-wing liberalism, they express a consensus arising from the desire to respect the principle of unity in diversity.
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The aim of this article is to find an answer to the question under what conditions can debt burden indicators be a basis of assessment of external debt sustainability and whether they can constitute an early warning system against... more
The aim of this article is to find an answer to the question under what conditions can debt burden indicators be a basis of assessment of external debt sustainability and whether they can constitute an early warning system against external debt crises. In the first part of the article, the authors review the popularity of external debt measurement as well as its possible utility in the context of global debt problems. The second part of the article is devoted to presentation and interpretation of external debt indicators. Some ambiguities connected to their usage are also mentioned there along with the issue of the early warning systems against debt crises that are based on external debt indicators. The last part examines the Poland's debt situation. The conclusions drawn from the analysis of external debt burden indicators coincide to a high extent with assessments of rating agencies, which also take into consideration the overall economic situation of a country
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The aim of the article is to analyse the evolution of the so-called cultural exception considered as a rationale for trade protectionism in the flows of cultural goods. Therefore it has been situated in the centre of debate within the... more
The aim of the article is to analyse the evolution of the so-called cultural exception considered as a rationale for trade protectionism in the flows of cultural goods. Therefore it has been situated in the centre of debate within the Union to which extend European Commission’s mandate in the TTIP negotiations with the USA in the sphere of audio-visual services should be restricted. Looking for the ideological, cultural and economic justification for the exceptional status of cultural goods in international trade, in the article there are presented not only European regulations concerning the cultural diversity protection, but also the specificity of the European and American audio-visual sectors. The course of the debate on the meaning of cultural exception enables critical view on the positive influence of trade liberalization on social welfare as well as on European and American activities in the sphere of cultural in their political background.
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The aim of the article is to analyse the principle of unity in diversity in the context of European identity and cultural diversity. Because of controversy over the axiological roots of European heritage, we can observe from one side the... more
The aim of the article is to analyse the principle of unity in diversity in the context of European identity and cultural diversity. Because of controversy over the axiological roots of European heritage, we can observe from one side the relativization of values regarded as fundamental for the European identity, from the other side – the shift of emphasis in cultural activity of European Union to maintaining EU’s cultural diversity. One of the ways the heterogeneous concept of European identity has been accepted is the inclusion of culture into the meeting the EU’s social-economic goals, which is treated as a platform of intercultural dialogue in EU and a method of supporting the particular identities in Europe. What makes it so interesting is that it enables to avoid taking of possible cultural actions in line with specific axiological concepts.
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The shape of interest-free banking in Islam is derived from religious considerations and sources of law such as the Koran, Sharia and Sunna. The purpose of the article is to show the conditions for the functioning of Muslim banking in the... more
The shape of interest-free banking in Islam is derived from religious considerations and sources of law such as the Koran, Sharia and Sunna. The purpose of the article is to show the conditions for the functioning of Muslim banking in the light of interest rate bans, which often requires a fairly flexible interpretation of the rigorous principles of Muslim law and shapes the structure of products offered by banks and their specificity. However, due to the fact that – built on the principles of social solidarity – this system combines respect for fundamental ethical principles and credibility arising from transparent relations between the financial institution and the client, it is increasingly becoming the subject of in-depth economic and ethical analyzes as an alternative to the Western financial institutions affected by the crisis.
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The specificity of the vision of European integration presented by Robert Schuman is based on two basic elements: the primacy of cultural and axiological factors over the economic and political conditions of the unification of Europe, and... more
The specificity of the vision of European integration presented by Robert Schuman is based on two basic elements: the primacy of cultural and axiological factors over the economic and political conditions of the unification of Europe, and the perception of Christianity as a source of values whose respect determines the preservation of European identity. The special value of this concept results from the possibility of harmoniously combining openness to different cultures and worldviews with respect and attachment to the cultural and moral heritage of Europe.
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The purpose of the article is to present the spectrum of Buddhist communities in Germany (especially Theravada Buddhism) by discussing their demographic and ethnic structure and identifying key places of worship. It should be noted that... more
The purpose of the article is to present the spectrum of Buddhist communities in Germany (especially Theravada Buddhism) by discussing their demographic and ethnic structure and identifying key places of worship. It should be noted that the dynamic development of Buddhist communities in Germany is the result of not only the active missionary activities of followers of Buddhism, who in the 1950s attempted to create centers to promote Buddhism in that country, but also the specific intellectual climate that favored the search for a new sense of life in Eastern philosophy. Inaccurate estimates of the number of Buddhist followers in Germany do not allow an accurate determination of the degree of influence of the Buddhist religion on German society, but the systematic increase in the number of organizations and places of Buddhist worship in this country clearly indicates that this religion is becoming more and more popular, having already entered permanently in the landscape of religious traditions present in Germany.
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The purpose of the chapter is critical analysis of Polish opposition parties’ programs in the light of the concept of Social Market Economy perceived from the angle of Walter Eucken’s competitive economic order principles. Concerning the... more
The purpose of the chapter is critical analysis of Polish opposition parties’ programs in the light of the concept of Social Market Economy perceived from the angle of Walter Eucken’s competitive economic order principles. Concerning the character of the political programs, the analysis is concentrated on selected pillars of the ordoliberal socio-economic model, such as promotion of entrepreneurship, monetary stabilization in the context of sound fiscal policy and subsidiary social and incomes interventions. This is followed by reasons for a relatively little interest shown by Polish political parties in implementing Social Market Economy principles.
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The aim of the article is to recognize and analyse the models of the cultural policy presented in the programmes of Polish political parties. Proposed actions in the field of cultures are explored in three basic areas: the role of Polish... more
The aim of the article is to recognize and analyse the models of the cultural policy presented in the programmes of Polish political parties. Proposed actions in the field of cultures are explored in three basic areas: the role of Polish culture in the integrated Europe and in the globalizing world, the spheres of public interventions concerning cultural policy and the suggestions related to the media policy. Despite the fact that presented programmes can be divided into two models: centralized (Law and Justice, Polish People's Party, Democratic Left Alliance, Greens 2004) and liberal (Civil Platform, Union of Real Politics), we can observe the relatively high level of variety amongst both groups, which is explained by ideological factors.