Evidence-Based Guideline: Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children and Adults: Report of the Guideline Committee of the American Epilepsy Society
Abstract
Background
Purpose of this Guideline and Definition of Terms
Scope of this Guideline
Methods
Class I: Prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with masked outcome assessment in a representative population. The following are also required:
a.
No more than two primary outcomes specified
b.
Concealed allocation
c.
Exclusion/inclusion criteria clearly defined
d.
Relevant baseline characteristics presented and substantially equivalent between treatment groups, or appropriate statistical adjustment for differences
e.
Adequate accounting for dropouts (with at least 80% of enrolled subjects completing the study) with numbers sufficiently low to have minimal potential for bias
f.
Demonstration of superiority in a superiority study design or demonstration of noninferiority using a 10% margin in a noninferiority design
|
Class II: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial with masked outcome assessment that lacks one or two criteria a–e (see class I) or a prospective matched group cohort study in a representative population with masked outcome assessment that meets criteria a–e |
Class III: All other controlled trials in a representative population, where outcome is independently assessed, or independently derived by objective outcome measurements |
Class IV: Evidence from uncontrolled studies, case series, case reports, or expert opinion |
Translation of Evidence to Recommendation | Conclusion and Recommendation |
---|---|
Level A rating: | |
One or more class I studies or two or more consistent class II studies |
Conclusion, level A:
Established as effective, ineffective, or harmful for the given condition in the specified population
Recommendation:
Should be done or should not be done
|
Level B rating: | |
One or more class II studies or three or more consistent class III studies |
Conclusion, level B:
Probably effective, ineffective, or harmful for the given condition in the specified population
Recommendation:
Should be considered or should not be considered
|
Level C rating: | |
Two or more consistent class III studies |
Conclusion, level C:
Possibly effective, ineffective, or harmful for the given condition in the specified population
Recommendation:
May be considered or may not be considered
|
Level U: | |
Lack of studies meeting level A, B, or C designation |
Conclusion, level U:
Data inadequate or insufficient. Given current knowledge, treatment is unproven.
Recommendation:
None
|
Results
Article and Meta-Analysis/Systematic Review Identification
Q1. Which Anticonvulsants Are Efficacious as Initial and Subsequent Therapy?
Adult Studies
Pediatric Studies
Q2. What Adverse Events Are Associated with Anticonvulsant Administration?
Adult Studies
Pediatric Studies
Q3. Which is the Most Effective Benzodiazepine?
Adult Studies
Pediatric Studies
Q4. is IV Fosphenytoin More Effective than IV Phenytoin?
Q5. When Does Anticonvulsant Efficacy Drop Significantly (i.e., after how Many Different Anticonvulsants Does Status Epilepticus Become Refractory)?
Recommendations and Algorithm
Future Directions
Disclosures
References
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Assessment of benzodiazepine dosing strategies for the management of s...
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Comparative profile of refractory status epilepticus models following ...
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Evaluation of diazepam nasal spray in patients with epilepsy concomita...
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Characteristics and outcome‐related factors of seizure at the first on...
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Early Exposure of Fosphenytoin, Levetiracetam, and Valproic Acid After...
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2020 Korean Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation. Part 5. Post...
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Efficacy and Safety of Levetiracetam vs. Phenytoin as Second Line Anti...
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A Comparison of Seizure Prophylaxis: Phenytoin Versus Levetiracetam
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Early Neurologic Recovery, Practice Pattern Variation, and the Risk of...
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Myeloid EP2 Receptors in Status Epilepticus—Peripheral But Not Negligi...
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Pharmacotherapy for Nonconvulsive Seizures and Nonconvulsive Status Ep...
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État de mal épileptique chez l’adulte : diagnostic et traitement
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Not all patients with convulsive status epilepticus intubated in pre-h...
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Neuroprotection by delayed triple therapy following sarin nerve agent ...
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Levetiracetam for convulsive status epilepticus in childhood: systemat...
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Simulation-Based Assessments and Graduating Neurology Residents' Miles...
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Phenytoin Serum Concentrations in Patients With Left Ventricular Suppo...
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European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Paediatric Life Suppor...
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Preferred practices for rescue treatment of seizure clusters: A consen...
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Time Is Brain: Acute Control of Repetitive Seizures and Status Epilept...
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Absolute Bioavailability of Microdosed Midazolam After Buccal Administ...
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Seizure action plans in the pediatric population with epilepsy: Uptake...
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Benzodiazepines for Out-of-Hospital Status Epilepticus: Do or Do Not! ...
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Treatment of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor-induced seizures with poly...
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Revaccination outcomes of children with vaccine proximate seizures
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Therapy delay in status epilepticus extends its duration and worsens i...
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Patterns of benzodiazepine underdosing in the Established Status Epile...
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Statewide Emergency Medical Services Protocols for Status Epilepticus ...
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Consensus Statement on Analgo-sedation in Neurocritical Care and Revie...
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Therapie des akuten epileptischen Anfalls beim Kind im Notfall
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Emergency Neuropharmacology
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Seizure Rescue Medications for Out-Of-Hospital Use in Children
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Update on the management of status epilepticus
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Emergency management of the paediatric patient with convulsive status ...
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La prise en charge d’urgence du patient pédiatrique en état de mal épi...
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Pearls and Pitfalls of Introducing Ketogenic Diet in Adult Status Epil...
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Automated identification and quality measurement for pediatric convuls...
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Electrocorticographic description of the effects of anticonvulsant dru...
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Accuracy of Calculated Free Valproate Levels in Adult Patients With St...
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Intramuscular Midazolam for treatment of Status Epilepticus
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Neurological Disorders
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Neurological Diseases in Pediatric Critical Care
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Medication Induced Cardiotoxicity and Skin Reactions
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Status Epilepticus Convulsive
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Industrial Accident Induced Coma: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective Wit...
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Seizures and Status Epilepticus
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Anticonvulsant Agents: Pharmacology and Biochemistry
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Anticonvulsant Agents: Pharmacology and Biochemistry
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Preferential Antiseizure Medications in Pediatric Patients with Convul...
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Intranasal delivery of antiseizure drugs
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References
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Status Epilepticus
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Neuropharmacology
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The critical care literature 2019
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The unmet need for rapid epileptic seizure termination (REST)
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Convulsive status epilepticus in an emergency department in Cameroon
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Intranasal fosphenytoin: The promise of phosphate esters in nose-to-br...
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Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: Prognosis and Recent Advances in ...
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Valproic Acid as an Adjuvant Treatment for Generalized Convulsive Stat...
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Antiepileptic Drug Therapy for Status Epilepticus
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Treatments for Convulsive and Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Adul...
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Practice Changing Articles in Neuroanesthesiology and Neurocritical Ca...
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Time is brain: Review of emergency management of status epilepticus in...
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Effectiveness of Non-benzodiazepine Antiepileptic Drugs in Benzodiazep...
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Supporting Precision Dosing in Drug Labeling
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Different Attitudes in the Management of Different Types of Status Epi...
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Detrimental effect of antiepileptic drugs dose in pediatric children w...
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Probleme genug
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Status Epilepticus
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Status epilepticus as an initial manifestation of hepatic encephalopat...
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Pharmacologic Management of Status Epilepticus
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Prehospital midazolam use and outcomes among patients with out-of-hosp...
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Sleep Architecture in Valproate-Induced Nocturnal Enuresis in Primary ...
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Levetiracetam versus Phenytoin for the Pharmacotherapy of Benzodiazepi...
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A retrospective, observational study of perampanel in refractory and s...
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Principles of Pharmacotherapy of Seizures and Status Epilepticus
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Acute Provoked Seizures—Work-Up and Management in Adults
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Status Epilepticus—Work-Up and Management in Children
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Status Epilepticus: Work-Up and Management in Adults
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Treatment of established status epilepticus in the elderly - a study p...
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Frequency and Implications of Complications in the ICU After Status Ep...
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Development of a novel outcome prediction score (PEDSS) for pediatric ...
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Lorazepam timing for acute convulsive seizure control (LoTASC)
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Continuous EEG use and status epilepticus treatment in Australasia: a ...
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First-line medication dosing in pediatric refractory status epilepticu...
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Emergency seizure management
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Aphasic status epilepticus in a tertiary referral center in Turkey: Cl...
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Intravenous brivaracetam for the management of refractory focal non-co...
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Epidemiology of status epilepticus in the United States: A systematic ...
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Anesthetic Use In Status Epilepticus: A Concise Review
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Ketamine to treat super-refractory status epilepticus
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Part 3: Adult Basic and Advanced Life Support: 2020 American Heart Ass...
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Clinical Feature and Outcome of Childhood Status Epilepticus in a Teac...
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Assessment of midazolam pharmacokinetics in the treatment of status ep...
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Use of a simulation-based mastery learning curriculum for neurology re...
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Levetiracetam vs. phenytoin as 2nd-line treatment for status epileptic...
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Efficacy and safety profile of intravenous levetiracetam versus phenyt...
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The burden of decisional uncertainty in the treatment of status epilep...
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Early risk stratification after resuscitation from cardiac arrest
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Institutional Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus Protocol Decreas...
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Validation of the Status epilepticus severity score (STESS) at high-co...
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Treatment of Refractory Convulsive Status Epilepticus: A Comprehensive...
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The Unease When Using Anesthetics for Treatment-Refractory Status Epil...
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EEG Monitoring After Convulsive Status Epilepticus
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A Theoretical Paradigm for Evaluating Risk–Benefit of Status Epileptic...
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When and How to Treat Status Epilepticus: The Tortoise or the Hare?
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Association of guideline publication and delays to treatment in pediat...
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Therapeutic Options for Patients with Refractory Status Epilepticus in...
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Intramuscular Versus Buccal Midazolam for Pediatric Seizures: A Random...
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Clinical characteristics and prognosis in a large paediatric cohort wi...
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Phenytoin versus fosphenytoin for second-line treatment of status epil...
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Transcranial photobiomodulation attenuates pentylenetetrazole‐induced ...
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Levetiracetam vs. Fosphenytoin for Second-Line Treatment of Status Epi...
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Clinical Effectiveness of Levetiracetam Compared to Fosphenytoin in th...
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Levetiracetam for Benzodiazepine-Refractory Status Epilepticus
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Seizures during treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A...
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Evaluation of fosphenytoin, levetiracetam, and propofol as treatments ...
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Choosing Anticonvulsant Medications to Manage Status Epilepticus
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Reply to Dr. Capovilla on “Reply to the article “Management of status ...
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Central nervous system emergencies in haematological malignancies
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Predictors of outcome in refractory generalized convulsive status epil...
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Phenobarbital as alternate anticonvulsant for organophosphate‐induced ...
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Clinical outcomes and treatments effectiveness in status epilepticus r...
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Efficacy, Safety, and Economics of Intravenous Levetiracetam for Statu...
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Management of Urgent Medical Conditions at the End of Life
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Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for the treatment of established status...
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Treatment of generalized convulsive status epilepticus: An internation...
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Second-line treatments in benzodiazepine-resistant convulsive status e...
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Recommandations Formalisées d’Experts SRLF/SFMU : Prise en charge des ...
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Towards Successes in the Management of Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticu...
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Pre‐school Child with Seizures
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Electrographic predictors of successful weaning from anaesthetics in r...
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Efficacy of levetiracetam, fosphenytoin, and valproate for established...
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Second-line anticonvulsants for paediatric convulsive status epileptic...
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Sustainable Brain Activity and no End in Sight—What’s in It for Status...
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Childhood Status Epilepticus: Current Status and Future Directions
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Clinical Profile and Short-term Outcome of Pediatric Status Epilepticu...
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Fosphenytoin in Status Epilepticus: The Ice Needs to be Broken
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Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus: Act Fast, No matter With What...
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Efficacy, Tolerability and Serum Phenytoin Levels after Intravenous Fo...
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Refractory and Super-refractory Status Epilepticus
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Electrical Status Epilepticus During Sleep: a Case Report of Postmorbi...
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Buccal Midazolam Solution for the Management of Prolonged Acute Convul...
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Efficacy and economic evaluation of delivery of care with tele-continu...
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Effects of Antiepileptic Drug Tapering on Episodic Memory as Measured ...
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Therapie des akuten epileptischen Anfalls
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Safety and Tolerability of Rapid Administration Undiluted Levetiraceta...
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Collaborative Management Strategies for Drug Shortages in Neurocritica...
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Clinical Performance Measures for Neurocritical Care: A Statement for ...
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From international guidelines to real-world practice consensus on inve...
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A pragmatic approach to intravenous anaesthetics and electroencephalog...
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Medical management of status epilepticus: Emergency room to intensive ...
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Allosteric GABAA Receptor Modulators—A Review on the Most Recent Heter...
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Sodium Valproate Improves Skin Flap Survival via Gamma-Aminobutyric Ac...
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Case 4-2020: A 52-Year-Old Woman with Seizure Disorder and Wide-Comple...
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Identification of Risk Factors for Refractory Status Epilepticus
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Infrequent Monitoring of the Effects of Valproate and Carbamazepine Th...
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Status epilepticus during correction of hyponatremia in a patient with...
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Mechanisms of Psychiatric Comorbidities in Epilepsy
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Status Epilepticus
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Status Epilepticus
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Emergent Treatment of Status Epilepticus
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Continuous EEG Monitoring: Systems of Care
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Therapeutic Hypothermia in Neurocritical Care
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Pharmacological Challenges in Neurocritical Care
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Pediatric Status Epilepticus
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Anticonvulsant Agents: Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin
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Guidelines on Anti-convulsant Agents
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Anticonvulsive Drug Use in Status Therapy: Adults
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Anticonvulsive Drug Use in Status Treatment in Children
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Medication-Induced Neurotoxicity in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
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Neuropharmacology
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Pharmacotherapy for Pediatric Convulsive Status Epilepticus
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Neurologische Intensivmedizin
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Nanoemulsions and thermosensitive nanoemulgels of phenytoin and fosphe...
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Rational polytherapy in the treatment of cholinergic seizures
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Therapeutic effect of intravenous levetiracetam in status epilepticus:...
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PNESSE 1: Psychogenic status and status epilepticus: Could they be dis...
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Pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches to life threatening...
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Health Care Professionals’ Views on Using Remote Measurement Technolog...
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Status Epilepticus: The Slow and Agonizing Death of Phenytoin
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Medication Use in Schools: Current Trends, Challenges, and Best Practi...
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Comparison of diazepam and lorazepam for the emergency treatment of ad...
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Treatment of Status Epilepticus
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Clinical profile & management of children with seizures presenting to ...
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Krampfanfälle
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Ketogenic Diet for Refractory Status Epilepticus in Children
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Lessons from the Established Status Epilepticus Treatment Trial
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Early polytherapy for benzodiazepine-refractory status epilepticus
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Intravenous antiepileptic drugs in adults with benzodiazepine-resistan...
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Reporting specifications regarding epilepsy practice guidelines based ...
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Update in Neurocritical Care: a summary of the 2018 Paris internationa...
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Assessment of dose capping in phenytoin loading practices in the emerg...
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Status epilepticus - time is brain and treatment considerations
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Randomized Trial of Three Anticonvulsant Medications for Status Epilep...
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Review of purchases of unapproved medications by the Veterans Health A...
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Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in Patients with Altered Mental Statu...
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Emergency management of status epilepticus in a high-fidelity simulati...
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Levetiracetam und Phenytoin nach Versagen von Benzodiazepinen gleich w...
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Convulsion Treated by a Physician-Staffed Helicopter
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Effects of Diazepam and Ketamine on Pilocarpine-Induced Status Epilept...
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Critical Care Management of Status Epilepticus at a Tertiary Care Univ...
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Excitatory GABAergic signalling is associated with benzodiazepine resi...
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Management of Epilepsy among Children in the Gaza Strip: A Multicenter...
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Rates and Trends of Endotracheal Intubation in Patients With Status Ep...
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A Trial of Real-Time Electrographic Seizure Detection by Neuro-ICU Nur...
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Pediatric emergency department visit characteristics of the patients o...
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Electroencephalographic seizures in critically ill children: Managemen...
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Select topics in the management of critically ill children
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Is it a Tie at This Point in the Game? Efficacy of Levetiracetam and P...
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Im Kindesalter nach Versagen von Benzodiazepinen gleich wirksam
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Neue Perspektiven für eine bessere Betreuung
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Activation to Arrival
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Seizure Rescue Medication Use among US Pediatric Epilepsy Providers: A...
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Evaluation of first-line anticonvulsants to treat nerve agent-induced ...
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Treatment of Seizures in Children and Adults in the Emergency Medical ...
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Status Epilepticus Mortality—Improving or Status Quo?
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A Systems Biology Approach for Personalized Medicine in Refractory Epi...
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Prevention, Treatment, and Monitoring of Seizures in the Intensive Car...
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Calorie Intake During Status Epilepticus and Outcome: A 5-Year Cohort ...
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Underdosing of Benzodiazepines in Patients With Status Epilepticus Enr...
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Seizure specificities in patients with antibody‐mediated autoimmune en...
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Predicting the Functional Outcome of Adult Patients with Status Epilep...
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Propofol-induced refractory status epilepticus at remission age in ben...
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Successful Treatment of Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus with High-...
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Application of Size and Maturation Functions to Population Pharmacokin...
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FACTORS INFLUENCING CONTROL OF CONVULSIVE STATUS EPILEPTICUS IN CHILDR...
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A Comparison of Parenteral Phenobarbital vs. Parenteral Phenytoin as S...
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Meta-analysis and cost-effectiveness of second-line antiepileptic drug...
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SODIUM VALPROATE VERSUS FOSPHENYTOIN FOR STATUS EPILEPTICUS IN CHILDRE...
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Evaluation of Intravenous Phenytoin and Fosphenytoin Loading Doses: In...
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Highlights From the Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society 20...
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Therapie des akuten konvulsiven Anfalls und Status epilepticus im Kind...
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Levetiracetam versus phenytoin for second-line treatment of convulsive...
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Levetiracetam no better than phenytoin in children with convulsive sta...
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Communication Challenges: A Spotlight on New-Onset Refractory Status E...
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Pediatric refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus
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Timing in the treatment of status epilepticus: From basics to the clin...
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Pathophysiology of convulsive status epilepticus
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Conventional and quantitative EEG in status epilepticus
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New onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE)
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Postvaccination Febrile Seizure Severity and Outcome
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Duration of therapeutic coma and outcome of refractory status epilepti...
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Bone fractures from generalized convulsive seizures and status epilept...
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Untangling operational failures of the Status Epilepticus Severity Sco...
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Treatment options in pediatric super-refractory status epilepticus
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Guía para el manejo de las crisis epilépticas en cuidados paliativos: ...
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Guidelines for seizure management in palliative care: proposal for an ...
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Perampanel for treatment of status epilepticus in Austria, Finland, Ge...
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Epilepsy Emergencies: Status Epilepticus, Acute Repetitive Seizures, a...
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Sedatives in neurocritical care: an update on pharmacological agents a...
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Roadmap for a competency‐based educational curriculum in epileptology:...
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The Neuroprotective Effect of Astaxanthin on Pilocarpine-Induced Statu...
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Emergency Medical Services Protocols for Generalized Convulsive Status...
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A hospital-based study on caregiver preferences on acute seizure rescu...
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Neurological Emergencies in the Intensive Care Unit
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Intravenously Administered Ganaxolone Blocks Diazepam-Resistant Lithiu...
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Factors predicting cessation of status epilepticus in clinical practic...
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The Different Clinical Features Between Autoimmune and Infectious Stat...
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Intravenous Corticosteroids as an Adjunctive Treatment for Refractory ...
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Comparing the efficacy of sodium valproate and levetiracetam following...
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Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Levetiracetam Therapy for Repetitiv...
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Refractory Status Epilepticus After the Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurys...
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Dexamethasone as Abortive Treatment for Refractory Seizures or Status ...
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Treatment of Seizures
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Acute Medical Events: Falls, Seizures, CVAs, Urinary Retention, Cardia...
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Medication-Induced Neurotoxicity in Critically Ill Cancer Patients
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Seizures
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Management of Intracranial Hypertension and Status Epilepticus
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When It’s Not Just a Febrile Seizure: Epileptic Encephalopathy
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Pharmacologic Management of Patients with Neurologic Disorders
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Neurologic Complications after Kidney Transplantation
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Simulating Status Epilepticus
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Timing and selection of first antiseizure medication in patients with ...
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Massive lamotrigine and bupropion overdose resulting in status epilept...
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Progress in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Convulsive Status Epile...
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Desflurane administration for refractory status epilepticus: a case re...
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Protocol-Driven Management of Convulsive Status Epilepticus at a Terti...
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Stroke‐related epilepsy
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Prolonged status epilepticus: Early recognition and prediction of full...
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External validation of the epidemiology-based mortality score in statu...
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Use of post-graduate students' research in evidence informed health po...
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Status Epilepticus, Refractory Status Epilepticus, and Super-refractor...
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Status epilepticus alert reduces time to administration of second-line...
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Introducing NASN’s New Evidence-based Clinical Guideline: Students Wit...
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Therapeutic coma for the treatment of status epilepticus
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Fosphenytoin vs. continuous midazolam for pediatric febrile status epi...
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What to Look for on Post-stroke Neuroimaging
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Levetiracetam circulating concentrations and response in status epilep...
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Altered Mental Status
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Seizure Disorders
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Midazolam-Resistant Seizures and Brain Injury after Acute Intoxication...
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Unusual cause of fever, vision loss and super refractory status epilep...
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Multimodal Predictions of Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus and Outc...
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Change in Management of Status Epilepticus With the Addition of Neuroi...
-
Emergency First-Line Anti-Seizure Medication for Seizures and Status E...
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Levetiracetam
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Seizures After Adult Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Cardiac Proced...
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Parenteral phenobarbital in status epilepticus revisited: Mayo Clinic ...
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Risk score predictive of mortality in status epilepticus according to ...
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Rescue therapies for seizure emergencies: New modes of administration
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Anesthetic drugs for the treatment of status epilepticus
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Long-term outcomes of status epilepticus: A critical assessment
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Seizures and epilepsy in the acute medical setting: presentation and m...
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Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome: an unusual case of late diagnosis
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What is new: Talk about status epilepticus in the neonatal period
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Hospital Emergency Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus: Compari...
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Systematic review of clobazam use in patients with status epilepticus
-
Benzodiazepine prescribing for children, adolescents, and young adults...
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Is naloxone the best antidote to reverse tramadol-induced neuro-respir...
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Practical Management of Epileptic Seizures and Status Epilepticus in A...
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Electroencephalographic Patterns in Neurocritical Care: Pathologic Con...
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Decreasing Seizure Treatment Time Through Quality Improvement Reduces ...
-
Convulsive status epilepticus management in adults and children: Repor...
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Clinical utility of EMSE and STESS in predicting hospital mortality fo...
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Fat, Pharmacokinetics, and Fosphenytoin: Bigger Doses May Be Better*
-
Determination of four antiepileptic drugs in plasma using ultra-perfor...
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Inadequate benzodiazepine dosing may result in progression to refracto...
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Intravenous Phenytoin in Convulsive Status Epilepticus: The Devil We (...
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Influence of adjunctive lacosamide in patients with seizures: a system...
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Optimizing parents' performance in anticonvulsant rescue medication ad...
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Treatment outcomes after the introduction of a new seizure management ...
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No. 360-Induced Abortion: Surgical Abortion and Second Trimester Medic...
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No 360 - Avortement provoqué : avortement chirurgical et méthodes médi...
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Ictal Interictal Continuum Patterns
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Clinical utility of EEG in diagnosing and monitoring epilepsy in adult...
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Nonconvulsive status epilepticus after convulsive status epilepticus: ...
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Memantine decreases neuronal degeneration in young rats submitted to L...
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Towards acute pediatric status epilepticus intervention teams: Do we n...
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The relevance of timing in nonconvulsive status epilepticus: A series ...
-
Seizing the Opportunity: Exploring Barriers to Use of Transmucosal Mid...
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Determination of minimal steady‐state plasma level of diazepam causing...
-
Levetiracetam Pharmacokinetics in a Critically Ill Anephric Patient on...
-
The Metabotropic Purinergic P2Y Receptor Family as Novel Drug Target i...
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Intranasale Medikamentengabe im Rettungsdienst
-
Newer Antiepileptic Drugs for Status Epilepticus in Adults: What’s the...
-
Pharmacotherapy for Refractory and Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus...
-
Do Intravenous Benzodiazepines or Benzodiazepines by an Alternative Ro...
-
État de mal épileptiques : avancées récentes
-
Update on the management of status epilepticus
-
Healthcare Utilization Characteristics for Intranasal Midazolam Versus...
-
Cerebrospinal fluid findings in non-infectious status epilepticus
-
The effect of vagus nerve stimulator in controlling status epilepticus...
-
Quality improvement in neurology: Child neurology quality measure set
-
Seizures
-
Early Treatment of Convulsive Status Epilepticus
-
Pediatric Status Epilepticus: Initial Management and the Special Syndr...
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Status Epilepticus in Critically Ill Children
-
Seizure Activity
-
Acute Seizures and Status Epilepticus
-
Intensive Care Management of Acute Encephalopathy and Encephalitis
-
Updates in Refractory Status Epilepticus
-
Sedation and analgesia in patients who need mechanical ventilation in ...
-
A nationwide multi-center questionnaire survey on the management and t...
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Drug management for acute tonic-clonic convulsions including convulsiv...
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Acute Systemic Complications of Convulsive Status Epilepticus—A System...
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Sevoflurane for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus in the ...
-
Inhibition of monoacylglycerol lipase terminates diazepam‐resistant st...
-
A fatal case of valproate-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy: An up...
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Drug Treatment of Seizures and Epilepsy in Newborns and Children
-
Transition from intravenous to enteral ketamine for treatment of nonco...
-
Ist eine Akutbehandlung epileptischer Anfälle möglich und sinnvoll?
-
Impact of non-guideline-based treatment of status epilepticus
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Management protocols for status epilepticus in the pediatric emergency...
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Management protocols for status epilepticus in the pediatric emergency...
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Evaluation of phenytoin serum levels following a loading dose in the a...
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Rescue Medications in Epilepsy Patients: A Family Perspective
-
Providing teachers with education on epilepsy increased their willingn...
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Nutritional and Bioenergetic Considerations in Critically Ill Patients...
-
Safety Threats During the Care of Infants with Hypoglycemic Seizures i...
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États de mal épileptiques de l’adulte et de l’enfant
-
New onset status epilepticus in older patients: Clinical characteristi...
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Adverse effects of phenytoin and fosphenytoin
-
Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Phenytoin Pharmacokinetics and Clin...
-
Spectrum and Predictors of Refractory Status Epilepticus in a Developi...
-
Intravenous lacosamide in status epilepticus: Correlation between load...
-
Population Pharmacokinetics and Exploratory Pharmacodynamics of Loraze...
-
When to Pick the Nose: Out-of-Hospital and Emergency Department Intran...
-
Top 100 cited articles on epilepsy and status epilepticus: A bibliomet...
-
Simultaneous triple therapy for the treatment of status epilepticus
-
Nonintravenous rescue medications for pediatric status epilepticus: A ...
-
Review article: Paediatric status epilepticus in the pre‐hospital sett...
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Timing is everything: Where status epilepticus treatment fails
-
Missed diagnosis of prehospital status epilepticus
-
Standard operating procedures improve acute neurologic care in a sub-S...
-
Evaluation of a First Seizure and Management of Status Epilepticus
-
Enhanced AMPA receptor-mediated neurotransmission on CA1 pyramidal neu...
-
Acute and long‐term effects of brivaracetam and brivaracetam–diazepam ...
-
Intravenous Versus Nonintravenous Benzodiazepines for the Cessation of...
-
The efficacy of different kinds of intravenously applied antiepileptic...
-
Efficacy of levetiracetam versus fosphenytoin for the recurrence of se...
-
Status Epilepticus and Beyond: A Clinical Review of Status Epilepticus...
-
Seizures and epilepsy
-
Flat Out Unnecessary: Burst Characteristics, Not Duration of Interburs...
-
Status Epilepticus
-
Author response: Therapeutic coma for status epilepticus: Differing pr...
-
Newer Antiepileptic Drugs in Status Epilepticus: Prescription Trends a...
-
Challenges in the treatment of convulsive status epilepticus
-
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a new highly concentrated int...
-
Advancements in the critical care management of status epilepticus
-
Treatment of experimental status epilepticus with synergistic drug com...
-
Development and evaluation of midazolam in situ nasal gel properties i...
-
Glioblastoma in the limbic system presenting as sustained central hypo...
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État de mal épileptiques
-
Critical Management of Status Epilepticus
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Neurosteroid-sensitive δ-GABA A receptors:...
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Algorithm for the treatment of status epilepticus: a New Zealand persp...
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IV fosphenytoin in obese patients
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Status Epilepticus - Lessons and Challenges from Animal Models
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Case 9 Isoniazid Ingestion
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Topiramate in the Treatment of Generalized Convulsive Status Epileptic...
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Management of acute seizures in children: A review with special consid...
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États de mal épileptiques de l’adulte et de l’enfant
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Clinical presentation, epidemiology, neurophysiological findings, trea...
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Treatment strategies of status epilepticus in the elderly: a report fr...
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Continuous Infusion Antiepileptic Medications for Refractory Status Ep...
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Epilepsy in pregnancy: Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
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Levetiracetam treatment influences blood-brain barrier failure associa...
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Seizure Treatment in Children Transported to Tertiary Care: Recommenda...
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Status Epilepticus
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Treating epileptic emergencies – pharmacological advances
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Indicación de dosis de carga de fármacos antiepilépticos en un hospita...
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Recent advances in epilepsy management
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A review of intranasal formulations for the treatment of seizure emerg...
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Midazolam–ketamine dual therapy stops cholinergic status epilepticus a...
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Benzodiazepine‐refractory status epilepticus: pathophysiology and prin...
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Treatment of Status Epilepticus
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Vers de nouvelles recommandations françaises sur la prise en charge de...
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Safety of antidepressants assessed, new convulsive status epilepticus ...
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Fruitful Futility: What We Learned from a Failed Clinical Trial of Out...
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Should We Treat Electroencephalographic Discharges in the Clinic or in...
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Treatment of Established Status Epilepticus
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Management of Status Epilepticus in Children
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19. Neurological Disorders
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