Volume 59, Issue 4 p. 900-921
Original Article

Saving a victim from himself: The rhetoric of the learner’s presence and absence in the Milgram experiments

David Kaposi

Corresponding Author

David Kaposi

The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK

Correspondence should be addressed to David Kaposi, The Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK (email: [email protected]).

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First published: 27 February 2020
Citations: 1

Abstract

This paper contests what has remained a core assumption in social psychological and general understandings of the Milgram experiments. Analysing the learner/victim’s rhetoric in experimental sessions across five conditions (N = 170), it demonstrates that what participants were exposed to was not the black-and-white scenario of being pushed towards continuation by the experimental authority and pulled towards discontinuation by the learner/victim. Instead, the traditionally posited explicit collision of ‘forces’ or ‘identities’ was at all points of the experiments undermined by an implicit collusion between them: rendering the learner/victim a divided and contradictory subject, and the experimental process a constantly shifting and paradoxical experiential-moral field. As a result, the paper concludes that evaluating the participants’ conduct requires an understanding of the experiments where morality and non-destructive agency were not simple givens to be applied to a transparent case, but had to be re-created anew – in the face not just of their explicit denial by the experimenter but also of their implicit denial by the victim.

Conflicts of interest

All authors declare no conflict of interest.

Data availability statement

Research data may be shared on request.