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Cybertelecom
Federal Internet Law & Policy
An Educational Project
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Voice over IP (Internet Telephony) |
2.2 Overview of VOIP Data Handling
(From NIST, Security Considerations for VoIP Systems 800-58, p. 11 (April 2004))
"Before any voice can be sent, a call must be placed. In an ordinary phone system, this process involves dialing the digits of the called number, which are then processed by the telephone company's system to ring the called number. With VOIP, the user must enter the dialed number, but after that a complex series of packet exchanges must occur. The problem is that computer systems are addressed using their IP address, but the user enters an ordinary telephone number to place the call. The telephone number must be linked with an IP address to reach the called party, much as an alphabetic web address, such as www.nist.gov must be linked to the IP address of the NIST web server. A number of protocols are involved in determining the IP address that corresponds to the called party's telephone number.
"Once the called party answers, voice must be transmitted by converting the voice into digitized form, then segmenting the voice signal into a stream of packets. The first step in this process is converting analog voice signals to digital, using an analog-digital converter. Since digitized voice requires a large number of bits, a compression algorithm must be used to reduce the volume of data to be transmitted. Next, voice packets are inserted into data packets to be carried on the Internet. The protocol for the voice packets is typically the Real Time Protocol, RTP. RTP packets have special data fields that hold data needed to correctly re-assemble the packets into a voice signal on the other end. But voice packets will be carried as payload by UDP protocols that are also used for ordinary data transmission. In other words, the RTP packets are carried as data by the UDP packets, which can then be processed by ordinary network nodes throughout the Internet. At the other end, the process is reversed: the packets are disassembled and put into the proper order, digitized voice data extracted from the packets and uncompressed, then the digitized voice is processed by an digital-to-analog converter to render it into analog signals for the called party's handset speaker."
See FCC & VoIP Legislation
- HR 251 Truth in Caller ID Act of 2007 To amend the Communications Act of 1934 to prohibit manipulation of caller identification information, and for other purposes.
Papers
- Mark C. Del Bianco, Voices Past: The Present and Future of VoIP Regulation, 14 COMMLAW CONSPECTUS 365 (2006)
- Robert Cannon, State Regulatory Approaches to VoIP: Policy, Implementation, and Outcome, 57 FED. COMM. L.J. 479 (May, 2005)
- Voice Over Internet Protocol: Status and Industry Recommendations: Presented as Guidance to the U.S. Department of State: By the Advisory Committee on International Communications and Information Policy, ISOC 5/10/2005
- Internet Telephone Service: A New Era of Competition in Telecommunications, PPI 3/29/2005
- William Jackson, “With VoIP, Digital Department Comes of Age at Commerce” .
- Robert Cannon, State Regulatory Approaches to VoIP: Policy, Implementation, and Outcome, TPRC 10/2/2004
- Douglas Sicker, A Model for Emergency Service of VoIP Through Certification and Labeling, TPRC 10/2/2004
- Voice on the Net Coalition, "Unleashing the Full Promise and Potential of Internet Voice Communication," June 2004. PDF
- NARUC Presentation: Implications of VoIP on Rural Telecom Providers (July04)
- NARUC Presentation: IP Communications for the Public Good Winter 2004
- NARUC Presentation: FCC Treatment of Voice Over IP Winter 2004
- NARUC VOIP Panel Winter 2004
- Press Release: Testimony: Naruc President Stan Wise Testifies On Sununu "Voip" Bill; Calls For Functional Approach And Critical State Role June 16, 2004
- February 2004 - Study on Internet protocol (IP) voice and associated convergent services, EU Info Society 4/6/2004
- CISCO IP Telephony / VoIP Primer
- Analysys, Final Report to European Commission: IP Voice and Associated Convergent Services Jan 28, 2004
- Rick Whitt, A Bit of Noise: VOIP and Rational Reform of Intercarrier Compensation Policies, MCI 1/15/2004
- Balancing Responsibilities and Rights: A Regulatory Model for Facilities-Based VoIP Competition, NCTA 2/18/2004
- NMRC releases report highlighting regulatory imperatives for VoIP telephony services Dec 2003 PDF
- Chérie R. Kiser & Angela F. Collins, Regulation On The Horizon: Are Regulators Poised To Address the Status of IP Telephony?, 11 CommLaw Conspectus 19, 20-21 (2003).
- Sharon Strover, Implementing Voice Over IP Telephony in 2-1-1 Call Centers, Telecommunications and Information Policy Institute, Aug. 2003 PDF
- Regulatory Considerations for Cable-Provided IP Telephony, Mintz Levin March 3, 2003
- COX: Preparing for the Promise of Voice-over Internet Protocol (VoIP) Feb. 2003
- An Approach to International Regulatory Issues of IP Telephony, JSTL 9/6/02
- B. Goode, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP). Proceedings of thee IEEE, VOL. 90, NO. 9, Sept. 2002.
- Internet Telephony Architecture and Federal Access Charge Reform Christopher Libertelli, Associate, Dow, Lohnes, & Albertson, Washington, DC
- Voice over IP: Legal and Regulatory Issues Missouri Research and Education Network July 2002
- GIPI Best Practices Paper, "Voice-over-IP: The Future of Communications April 2002
- Influence of Liberalization of IP Telephony on the Telecommunications Market, Robert Horvitz, GIPI 2002,
- R. Sinden, Comparison of Voice over IP with circuit switching techniques”. Department of electronics and Computer Science, Southampton University, UK, Jan. 2002.
- Dr. Tim Kelley, IP Telephony: Economic Implications and Impacts on PTOs
- Lee McKnight, How to Regulate a Platypus: Internet Telephony Regulation
- Internet Telephony: Costs, Prices, and Policy by L. McKnight, MIT
- Internet Policy and Open Communications Policy by L. McKnight
- The Evolution of International Internet Telephony by Terrence P. McGarty
- National Research Council, The Internet's Coming of Age: Collisions Between Existing Industries and Emerging Internet Industries: Telephony As a Case Study 2001
- P. Mehta and S. Udani, Overview of Voice over IP. Technical Report MS-CIS- 01-31, Department of Computer Information Science, University of Pennsylvania, February 2001.
- IP Telephony to Have a Dramatic Impact on Asian Voice, Data Communications Markets OnTheInternet June 2001
- Elizabeth M Donahue, Directly Competing Policies: The Growth of Internet Telephony and the Future of the Universal Service Fund, 9 Commlaw Conspectus 225 (2001).
- C-N. Chuah, Providing End-to-End QoS for IP based Latency sensitive Applications.”. Technical Report, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California at Berkeley, 2000.
- The Internet Protocol (IP) and Global Telecommunications Transformation by Terry McGarty. "Presented at the "Creative Destruction: Telecomm in Transition" Conference, Tufts University, Cambridge, MA, March 12, 1999.
- Emir Mohammed, The Growth of Internet Telephony: Legal and Policy Issues, First Monday (1999)
- Before the Federal Communications Commission In the Matter of: The Provision of Interstate and International Interexchange Telecommunications Service via the "Internet" by Non Tariffed, Uncertified Entities. Submitted by Students of the MIT Telecommunications Modeling and Policy Analysis Seminar
- Jonathan Weinberg, The Internet and "Telecommunications Services," Universal Service Mechanisms, Access Charges and Other Flotsam of the Regulatory System (1999)
- Vinodkrishnan Kulathumani, Voice over IP: Products, Services and Issues
- First Monday, The Growth of Internet Telephony: Legal and Policy Issues 1999
- A Taxonomy of Internet Telephony Applications, David Clark, MIT [Abstract] [Paper pdf] TPRC
- McKnight, Lee. "Internet Telephony and Open Communications Policy." (PDF) MIT Press 1998
- MIT ITC2000: Internet Telephony and Beyond MIT Internet Telephony ... (August 1998) pdf
- McKnight, Lee and Brett Leida. "Internet Telephony: Costs, Pricing, and Policy." (PDF) TPRC 1997
- Clark, David. "A Taxonomy of Internet Telephony Applications." TPRC 1997
- England, Christer. "Taxonomy of Internet telephony and multimedia standards." (PDF) 1997.
- Englund, Christer. "Taxonomy table of existing and forthcoming Internet telephony and multimedia Standards." (PDF) ITC 1997
- Gawer, Annabelle. "Complementary Products and Modular Innovation in Internet Telephony." ITC 1997
- Shuster, Marc. "Adoption and Demand of IP Telephony Services." (PDF) ITC 1997.
- Sears, Andrew L. and Kevin Savetz. "FAQs How Do I Use the Internet as a Telephone?" 1996
- Sears, Andrew L. "The Effect of Internet Telephony on the Long Distance Voice Market." ITC working paper, 1996.
- Sears, Andrew L., Phil Mutooni, and Borris Li. "An Analysis of the ACTA Filing to Ban Internet Telephony." Paper and presentation made to "Information Technology Business Strategy and Public Policy," Harvard University, 7 April 1996.
- Sears, Andrew, Phil Mutooni, Rob Cheng, et al. "A Cost Model of Internet Telephony for Regulatory Decision Making." FCC Comment, 1996."
- MIT Internet Telephony Consortium The Goal: Slides June 1996
- Tuan N. Samahon, The First Amendment Case Against FCC IP Telephony Regulation, 51 Fed. Com. L.J. 493 (1993) (pdf).
Papers: Access by Individuals with Disabilities
- Gregg C Vanderheiden Ph.D., Access to Voice over Internet Protocol ("VoIP"), TRACE 2/24/2004
Papers: Benefits: Costs
- MS Windows Embedded Home: VoIP Industry Trends (discussing benefits of VoIP including Reduced Total Cost of Ownership and More Efficient Network Utilization)
- NIST, Security Considerations for VoIP Systems 800-58 p. 13(April 2004)
- "VOIP is also cost effective because all of an organization's electronic traffic (phone and data) is condensed onto one network. Although there is a non-trivial initial startup cost to such an enterprise, significant net savings can result from managing only one network and not needing to sustain a legacy telephony system in an increasingly digital/data centered world. Also, the network administrator’s burden is lessened as they can now focus on a single network. There is no longer a need for several teams to manage a data network and another to mange a voice network. The simplicity of VOIP systems is attractive, one organization / one network; but as we shall see, the integration of security measures into this architecture is very complex."
- VoIP by the numbers: IP telephony can save hard dollars - if you know how to measure them NWFusion 2003
- Wringing Savings From VOIP Getting a pay back from voice-over-IP investments isn't easy, but these users have managed to pull it off. By Barbara DePompa Reimers Computer World Jan 2003
- Study: VoIP costs all over the map, CNET 11/19/2004
- A strong case for Converged Networks Network Magazine India
- Inherent Cost Advantages of VoIP Networks VocalTec July 2002
- GE IT Solutions: IPT and VoIP Benefits 2003
- CASE STUDY Voice over IP - cost benefits and security concerns .Based on a successful implementation by the Australian Universities, sponsored by CSIRO.
- Analyst: VoIP offers more than cost savings By Jim Rendon, News Writer 18 Cot 2002 | SearchNetworking.com
- McKnight, Lee and Brett Leida. "Internet Telephony: Costs, Pricing, and Policy." (PDF) TPRC 1997
- Voice Over IP Technology Guide Immediate Cost Savings Multitech Systems
- The Real Cost of VoIP, Network Mag 7/11/03
Links
General
Books
- Internet Telephony by Lee W. McKnight
News & Blogs
- Verizon Lobbyist Tom Tauke Pretends Up Is Down - Paints FCC VoIP ruling as anti-consumer., dslreports 6/24/2008
- ATCA Again: Duopoly Against VoIP Long Before Video, Peerflow 6/20/2008
- VoIP Trends Report, IP Convergence 6/18/2008
- US VoIP Gains Mean RBOC Pain, Telegeography 6/3/2008
- Mobile VoIP cuts free from Wi-Fi, CW 5/28/2008
- VON trade shows may be in trouble, CW 5/13/2008
- Skype's new packages show VoIP becoming commodity, CW 4/21/2008
- Think Tank Tells Missouri to Let VoIP Be - Warns that regulation and taxation are bad for the state's economy, dslreports 4/15/2008
- Seminar Explores Voice Over Internet Protocol Technologies and Implementation, MERIT 4/10/2008
- P2P VoIP Outfit Ooma Struggling? - Blog darling sees rash of executive departures., dslreports 4/10/2008
- Cable Accuses Verizon Of Cheating In VoIP Wars - Says company illegally using LNP requests to retain customers., dslreports 2/13/2008
- Cox Sued By Verizon For Patent Infringement - That win against Vonage may have gone to their heads, dslreports 1/22/2008
- Skype Releases Security Bulletin to Address Cross Zone Scripting Vulnerability, US Cert 1/22/2008
- Comcast is Now Fourth Biggest Home Phone Provider, IP Democracy 1/9/2008
- VoIP On The iPod Touch - Touchmods team offers up new application., DSLreports 1/3/2008
- German Government Struggles To Tap Encrypted Skype Calls, Techdirt 1/29/2008
- Comcast Self-Install VoIP Kits - Launching within six months..., DSLreports 9/4/2007
- SunRocket Sues Vonage Over Use of Customer List, Wash Post 8/28/2007
- Can small business count on VoIP?, CNET 8/24/2007
- Paying Skype users get a week's free service, CW 8/24/2007
- Skype: Patch Tuesday Led to Blackout Friday, Ecommerce Times 8/21/2007
- Skype's 'unprecedented' outage, CNET 8/21/2007
- Comcast Phones Stop Ringing In Michigan - FCC paperwork filed to terminate digital phone service, DSLreports 8/21/2007
- Software glitch silences Skype service, CNET 8/20/2007
- SunRocket Customer Lists Being Sold - Vonage starts hitting users up with sales pitch...., DSLreports 8/9/2007
- Vonage: We Helped Kill SunRocket - Company picks an interesting time to brag..., DSLreports 7/27/2007
- VoIP Carrier Allo Also Folds - Another one bites the dust...., DSLreports 7/26/2007
- SunRocket Leaves Void for Callers on Internet, NYT 7/26/2007
- Net Phone Offers Free Calls for Life, Ecommerce Times 7/22/2007
- Ooma Promises 'Free' Voice - Assuming you think $399 +landline is free, and assuming it works..., DSLreports 7/22/2007
- Is The Collapse Of SunRocket Be Another Nail In Vonage's Coffin?, Techdirt 7/18/2007
- Sun Sets on SunRocket VoIP Provider, Ecommerce Times 7/18/2007
- How To Flee SunRocket - Print out your statements and port!, DSLreports 7/18/2007
- Internet-Phone-Service Provider Drops a Fourth of Its Staff, Wash Post 7/5/2007
- AT&T gives Net phone service a new push, USA Today 5/1/2007
- Net phone service rules revealed, BBC 3/30/2007
- VoIP Market Shifting, Telephony 2/6/2007
- 'We aren't waiting for Viviane Reding': Awayphone, Register 2/1/2007
- Cable VoIP prices drop, Telephony 2/1/2007
- Cox Digital Telephone Now Offered in All Cox Markets, Cox 10/30/2006
- Third annual AstriCon brings corporate adoption of Asterisk to light, Network World 10/26/2006
- Comcast VoIP in Nashville -, Broadband Reports 8/28/2006
- Internet Phone Quality Drops Significantly And Steadily Over Last 18 Months, Brix Networks 7/25/2006
- VoIP call quality steadily getting worse - study, Silicon 7/25/2006
- Internet Telephony's Coming in Clear, BWO 7/10/2006
- Verizon's VoIP Offensive, BWO 5/5/2006
- AOL to add free phone to instant messaging feature, IHT 5/5/2006
- Start-up promises cheaper wireless VoIP, CNET 3/28/2006
- Hello, It’s Jajah Calling, Red Herring 3/28/2006
- D-Link shows off 'first' clamshell Wi-Fi VoIP phone, Register 3/14/2006
- China blocks VOIP calls for two years, AFP 3/21/2006
- ALA Proposes Major E-rate Reforms, Library Journal 9/20/2005
- 30% Of Homes To Be Cellular Or VoIP-Only: Gartner, Information Week 11/29/2005
- VoIP Growth Vastly Outpacing Traditional Voice, Networking Pipeline 11/29/2005
- Lawmakers Float New Fees on VoIP, Internet news 11/18/2005
- Internet Phone Subscriptions Up by a Third in 3 Months, Wash Post 11/15/2005
- Six Reasons To Avoid VoIP, Information Week 11/8/2005
- The dangers of VoIP, Globe and Mail 11/4/2005
- Internet phone push planned, IHT 11/4/2005
- VoIP Providers Form Advocacy Group, Newsfactor 11/4/2005
- Internet Telephony Attracting Mainstream Users, NPR 10/14/2005
- EBay completes acquisition of Skype, Reuters 10/14/2005
- Sprint Nextel Sues Vonage, Others In VoIP Patent Dispute, Information Week 10/5/2005
- VoIP Over Wi-Fi Poised To Spread Quickly, VON Conferees Told, AdvancedIPpipeline 9/30/2005
- Qwest, Microsoft to offer Internet phone service, Reuters 9/19/2005
- Hawaiian Telcom has plans for VoIP, Bizjournal 9/19/2005
- Hackers target net call systems, BBC 9/19/2005
- eBay buys internet phone firm, Guardian 9/12/2005
- Hosted IP Telephony Market May Hit $5.9 B In 2010, AdvancedIPpipeline 7/22/2005
- Report: VoIP Quality Still Inferior, AdvancedIPpipeline 7/22/2005
- North American Residential VoIP Service Poised for Mass-Market Growth, Americas Network 7/22/2005
- ISS Outlines Critical Flaws in VoIP Infrastructure, Americas Network 7/19/2005
- Retail VoIP More Than Doubles in 9 Months, Says Point Topic, Americas Network 7/8/2005
- Internet Telephone Service: A New Era of Competition in Telecommunications, Comm Tech Rev 6/15/2005
- Yahoo Buys VoIP Provider DialPad, Internet Week 6/15/2005
- Meeting the Challenge of VoIP Reliability, Americas Network 6/14/2005
- A giant leap for internet communications, Free Press 6/10/2005
- At Supercomm, Microsoft Targets VoIP, Information Week 6/7/2005
- Legislating social policies for IP-enabled services, Susan Crawford 4/29/2005
- Fake phone company consumer group wants to tax VOIP, Muni 4/27/2005
- Next call for Net phoning: Regulation, IHT 5/27/2005
- Internet Companies Dial Into VoIP, Internet Week 5/17/2005
- Do we need phone companies for VoIP?, VoIP and ENUM 5/13/2005
- Voice Over DSL Market Set To Skyrocket, InternetWeek 5/3/2005
- VoIP Providers Boom Worldwide, InternetWeek 4/29/2005
- Cisco, Verizon Make Moves on VoIP, Ecommerce Times 4/27/2005
- New Microsoft Products Aim to Take Ground From Phones, NYT 3/9/2005
- Can you hear VoIP now? Google and AOL can, CNET 3/9/2005
- Africa's first legal VOIP services set a cracking pace, Balancing Act 4/11/2005
- Internet Phone Customer Service Uncertain, Wash Post 4/15/2005
- TalkFree Launches VoIP Service For The Developing World, InternetWeek 4/15/2005
- Cable groups see VoIP services take off, FT 4/11/2005
- Big players reach out for Web calls, IHT 4/8/2005
- Calling all TVs, CNET 4/5/2005
- Net telephony set to surge, IDC says, CNET 4/5/2005
- DISA switches on VOIP, FCW 4/1/2005
- Defense Department Adopts VoIP Technology, Ecom times 4/1/2005
- Bell Canada and Clearwire Corporation Form Alliance, TMCnet 3/25/2005
- Time Warner Cable, SBC go head-to-head in phone war, Bizjournals 3/11/2005
- VoIP in finance: Networks too 'rickety', CNET 3/2/2005
- VoIP Regulation Update: Here Comes Nuvio Again, Topix 2/15/2005
- The Outlook for VoIP: Regulatory Battles and New Competition, UNDP 2/15/2005
- Hotspot users gain free net calls, BBC 3/4/2005
- Cable raises its voice, CNET 3/4/2005
- VoIP Poised to Take Flight?, clickz 2/25/2005
- VoIP carriers launch international peering network, Register 2/25/2005
- Cell phone to double as Net phone, CNET 2/11/2005
- Cisco and Avaya vie for VoIP dominance, CNET 2/11/2005
- Wi-Fi phones don't add up to much, CNET 2/8/2005
- Net telephone fees have users fuming, CNET 2/1/2005
- Caution Urged for Switch to Internet Phones, NIST 2/1/2005
- Tip-Toeing on Top of VOIP?, topix 12/3/2004
- The VoIP Management Challenge, CW 1/18/2005
- Bell Labs grapples with VoIP, open-source, CW 1/7/2005
- VoIP: Internet Phone Calling, Wash Post 12/14/2004
- VOIP is Africa's saviour, UNDP 1/11/2005
- VoIP Here To Stay, Ecom times 1/7/2005
- The big lesson the tsunami can teach us about VoIP, UNDP 1/7/2005
- CLECs Turn to VoIP Softswitch Following FCC Ruling for Migration From UNE-P, Topix 12/21/2004
- VOIP Comes to the Rescue, eweek 10/26/2004
- VoIP: Today Des Moines, tomorrow the world, CNET 11/19/2004
- Powell Calls for Federal VoIP Rule, InternetNews 10/19/2004
- FCC chair advocates hands-off approach to VoIP, NW Fusion 10/19/2004
- Powell: Feds must use light touch on Net, CNET 10/19/2004
- Remarks of Chairman Powell at the VON Fall 2004 Conference and Exposition in Boston, Mass., FCC 10/19/2004
- VOIP Helps Narrow Level 3's Q3 Loss, eweek 10/29/2004
- Service Touts VOIP Perks?Without the Hardware, eweek 11/19/2004
- BT offers free net phone calls, BBC 11/12/2004
- Pulver to Launch New SIP Client at VON, eweek 10/15/2004
- VeriSign nears new Net phone deals, CNET 10/12/2004
- Office Depot hears call for VoIP, CNET 10/12/2004
- Pulver App Melds VoIP, IM, Social Networking, InternetNews 10/12/2004
- Cox brings VoIP service to more cities, CNET 10/5/2004
- AT&T, Vonage Cut Prices on Internet Calling, Reuters 9/30/2004
- Bank of America to deploy 180,000 IP phones with Cisco, EDS, NWFusion 9/30/2004
- Net firms: Don't tax Internet calling, CNET 9/30/2004
- VoIP unplugged, as Wi-Fi meets Net phoning, CNET 10/19/2004
- Cisco notches new Net phone deal, CNET 9/29/2004
- Defense Dept. tests Net phone calls on IPv6, CNET 11/16/2004
- VoIP: A Shot in Telecom's Arm, Wash Post 11/16/2004
- The State of VoIP, Oreilly 10/26/2004
- Y2K windfall for Net phones?, CNET 10/22/2004
- Senator at VON Calls for National VOIP Standards, eweek 10/19/2004
- Does VoIP Spell the Death of the Traditional Telephone System?, NWFusion 10/12/2004
- Yes, but can your VoIP service do this?, CNET 10/8/2004
- Lawmakers Urge FCC to Regulate VoIP, InternetNews 10/8/2004
- Ford revs up Internet phones, CNET 9/21/2004
- British ruling cheers VoIP industry, CNET 9/10/2004
- Net calls get their own area code, BBC 9/7/2004
- Amazon to sell AT&T's Net phone service, CNET 9/7/2004
- Is VoIP just chump change?, CNET 8/25/2004
- IP telephony tests go global, register 8/18/2004
- Covad tries an end run, CNET 8/12/2004
- Wi-Fi phones make a splash, CNET 8/9/2004
- VoIP provider Vonage suffers outage, CNET 8/2/2004
- Sprint expands VoIP reach, CNET 8/2/2004
- Canada Sizes Up VOIP Regulation, eweek 9/21/2004
- Smugglers send Net phone accounts to Panama, CNET 8/2/2004
- Verizon's Net phone service takes wing, CNET 7/23/2004
- The price of VoIP's thriftiness, CNET 7/20/2004
- Phone fray attracts cable industry, CNET 6/21/2004
- Study: Consumers Cite VoIP's Inferior Quality, Internet Week 6/14/2004
- Phone Giants Projected To Dominate VoIP, NYTimes 6/14/2004
- Internet Phone Technology Lets Far-Flung Families Connect for Cheap, Pacific 6/1/2004
- Net Phoning Is Starting to Make Sense, BWO 5/20/2004
- How to disrupt the world, Globe and mail 5/20/2004
- IBM, Cisco take on Net telephony, CNET 5/18/2004
- Cutting calling costs with Wi-Fi phones, CNN 5/11/2004
- Capellas: Net telephony is the future, CNET 5/11/2004
- VoIP, wireless could spur Baby Bell negotiations, CNET 5/7/2004
- Cox: VoIP ready for prime time, CNET 5/20/2004
- Zimbabwe telecoms authority warns companies, Zim Observer 7/13/2004
- Securing The IP Telephony Perimeter, Net Mag 5/18/2004
- VoIP's Giant Hurdles, Tech Central Station 2/24/2004
- Transition To Packet Nets Could Federalize VoIP Rules, Telephony 2/24/2004
- Sales of Net phone gear surge on VoIP, CNET 2/24/2004
- Net phone start-up adds conferencing, CNET 2/24/2004
- VoIP comes alive in wartime, CNET 2/26/2004
- Tech giants abuzz over VoIP for cell phones, CNET 3/23/2004
- BT, Yahoo mix VoIP with messaging, CNET 3/11/2004
- VoIP's broadband bottleneck, CNET 4/6/2004
- Windows CE gets call for Net phones, CNET 4/2/2004
- Change Ahead For Net Calls, BBC 2/10/2004
- Free Net calling goes beyond the PC, CNET 2/20/2004
- Videophones Revisited, by Way of the Modem, NYTimes 2/20/2004
- Voice-over IPs, BBC 2/10/2004
- Covad to launch VoIP service, CNET 2/10/2004
- Internet Calls Challenge Phone Firms, Reuters 2/10/2004
- VoIP: Choose Your Reality, Network Mag 1/13/2004
- Protocol Flaw Puts VoIP Users At Risk, Internet News 1/13/2004
- Finally, 21st Century Phone Service, BWO 1/8/2004
- For Whom the VoIP Bell Tolls, BWO 1/8/2004
- A Debate on Web Phone Service, NYTimes 1/5/2004
- Another VoIP adherent, CNET 12/19/2003
- Will Telephone Calls Be Free?, MSNBC 12/19/2003
- Firms answer call for Internet phones, CNN 12/16/2003
- The carriers are coming, CNET 12/16/2003
- Phone calls via Internet: the ins and outs, IHT 12/16/2003
- The Firefight Ahead Over Net Phone Calls, BWO 2/5/2004
- VoIP needs a reality check, CNET 2/5/2004
- IP Telephony and Network Address Translation, Network Mag 2/5/2004
- Level 3 launches VoIP-based call center service, NWFusion 2/5/2004
- Cisco Has Voice Product Flaws, Internet News 1/23/2004
- Global Crossing: 'Pure VoIP' all the talk, CNET 1/15/2004
- The Rising Hue and Cry over VoIP, Newsfactor 1/15/2004
- WiFi Telephony: Wireless VoIP -- Future Changes, Internet Telephony 11/14/2003
- Why the Bells Should Be Very Scared, BWO 11/11/2003
- Cablevision adds VoIP to broadband menu, CNET 11/11/2003
- VoIP providers face price war, CNET 11/5/2003
- This VoIP call brought to you by beer, CNET 11/5/2003
- Voice: Over IP, Over Wi-Fi, Overhyped, Network Mag 10/14/2003
- Net calling: VoIP connects, CNET 12/12/2003
- Net phone plans signal revolution, MSNBC 12/12/2003
- Bell Canada hears VoIP calling, CNET 9/8/03
- New VoIP standard for videoconferencing, CNET 9/8/03
- VoIP goes to city hall, CNET 9/8/03
- PUC aim: Regulate Net phone service, Mercury 10/9/03
- Net call cost may rise, USA Today 10/9/03
- VoIP phone maker plans a cell hybrid, CNET 10/6/03
- Cisco thinks small with Net phone gear, CNET 10/3/03
- Reach out and click someone, Star Ledger 9/26/03
- New Net phone service off to bumpy start, CNET 9/5/03
- More Companies Are Routing Calls via Internet, NYTimes 9/2/03
- Merrill Lynch hangs up on Cisco, cnet 7/25/03
- VoIP Providers Prepare To Invade Pakistan, New Telephony 7/21/03
- VOIP--a Tower of Babel?, CNET 7/18/03
- Revolutionizing phones?, CNN 7/18/03
- High Street debut for net phones, BBC 7/11/03
- Is VOIP ready for prime time?, CNET 7/11/03
- Voice Over Wi-Fi Gaining Momentum, isp planet 6/24/03
- Bells Vexed by Cable Rivals' Phone Plans, The Street 6/19/03
- Calling On the Internet, Wash Post 6/19/03
- Phoning Over Wi-Fi Getting Easier, Wired 6/9/03
- Palm to add Net phoning to Wi-Fi device, CNET 5/30/03
- Cable 'foxes' enter the telco henhouse, CNET 6/6/03
- Palm to add Net phoning to Wi-Fi device, CNET 5/30/03
- Cisco's New Wi-Fi Phones, 80211 4/28/03
- Cisco shoots for cheaper Net telephony, CNET 4/28/03
- Cisco Phone Calls on Wireless IP, PC World 4/28/03
- Paper: Stallings, The Session Initiation Protocol, IP Journal 4/23/03
- Cisco Wi-Fi phone due in June, CNET 4/21/03
- Cisco to ship Wi-Fi mobile phone in June, NWFusion 4/17/03
- Cisco to acquire Net telephony firm, CNET 3/19/03
- Circuit To Packet Migration: IP Telephony Adoption Is Up, Internet Telephony 3/7/03
- Web Phones Take Wing, BW 2/24/03
- VoIP is Under Attack [again] in the United States, Pulver 2/24/03
- Phone firms want Net calling on hold, IHT 2/19/03
- VPNs: Slowly Shuffling Toward Voice and Video over IP, Network Mag 1/7/03
- Why Voice Over IP Is On Hold, Newsfactor 1/31/03
- IDC: VoIP Future Looking Brighter, New Telephony 1/31/03
- Securing IP Telephony, IPT 12/13/02
- Computerized Phones and What They Can Do for You Newsfactor 11/12/02
- Consider VoATM, Not VoIP ISP Planet 10/28/02
- Gloves come off in IP Centrex vs. IP PBX NWFusion 10/18/02
- IP Centrex Com Cov 11/15/02
- Next-Gen PBX -- Four Stories Com Cov 11/15/02
- Making Voice A Broadband Reality Today: TDMoIP Delivers Int Telephony 11/15/02
- Trends In IP Telephony Int Telephony 11/15/02
- Appliance shrinks apps for IP phone screens NWFusion 11/15/02
- What ILECs Want: Big Providers Talk About VoIP New Telephony 11/15/02
- Is IP Voice Starting to Come True? Network Mag 11/8/02
- Cable Operators Eye IP Telephony Rollouts Cable Data 11/3/02
- In Search of Voice-over-Internet Cell Phones, Newsfactor 9/13/02
- Internet phone calling: A firm fails to connect, IHT 9/23/02
- U.S. Firms Show More Interest in Phone Calls Via Internet, Wash Post 7/30/02
- Struggling to Hear The Vo-IP, Internet News 7/26/02
- VoIP Services: The Devil is In the Details, Network Mag 7/26/02
- Flaws Plague Vo-IP Phones, Eweek 7/15/02
- VoIP Far And Away Favored Overseas, ISP Planet 7/15/02
- Net telephony poised to take off?, CNET 6/3/02
- All SIP, All the Time, Commweb 6/3/02
- Study: Cable telephony takes off, CNET 5/15/02
- The skinny on SIP, NWFusion 4/17/02
- IP telephony talk zeroes in on SIP NWFusion 4/2002
- The Leading Trends In IP Telephony, Internet Telephony 3/11/02
- VoIP: Ready For Prime Time?, ISP Planet 2/25/02
- Voice over IP: it's ready, CNN 2/1/02
- Predictions for 2002 Special Feature: VoDSL In 2002: Dead Or Alive?, CMP 1/2/02
- Predictions for 2002 Special Feature: VoIP Addresses Availability, Cost, And Quality Of Service, TMC 12/18/01
- Predictions for 2002 Special Feature: What's Next For IP Telephony, TMC 12/18/01
- Predictions for 2002 Special Feature: VoIP Addresses Availability, Cost, And Quality Of Service, TMC 12/18/01
- Report: Phone calls via the Net increase (IPT accounts for 6% of international calls), CNN 11/9/01
- Cisco, IBM team to provide voice-over-IP Package, NWFusioon 10/25/01
- Research: Voice over IP, NWFusion 10/18/01
- VoIP and interoperability, NWFusion 09/01/01
- VoIP research page, NWFusion 09/01/01
- Cisco Releases VoIP Health Monitor, Hosting Engine, Techweb 8/24/01
- The Wait for IP Slows Down Cable Telephony, Instat 8/10/01
- Can XP revive Net telephony? (Real Video), CNET 8/8/01
- What's in a domain? It's Philippines vs phones to secure the Internet designation .ph, Wash Times 7/25/01
- Voice-over-DSL getting new lease on life, CNET 7/24/01
- VeriSign Is Coming To Your Phone, Standard 7/19/01
- A Call to Arms: Windows XP could draw Net phone companies into battle , News 7/17/01
- Messenger Woes over Hailstorm, ZDNet 07/10/01
- Cisco Includes IP Telephony in ISP Marketing Program, ISPWorld 7/6/01
- Windows Messenger: The Gateway To VoIP?, TMC 7/6/01
- VoDSL: What It Is & How It Works, TMC 7/6/01
- Indiana Delves Into VoIP, CW 6/19/01
- Now: PC Phone Calls -- Without the PC, Newsfactor 6/6/01
- Java phone could ring in more interesting devices, USAToday 6/4/01
- Voice Meets IM, ASPNews 6/8/01
- Microsoft to Offer Peek at Windows XP, InternetNews 6/4/01
- Expert Says Windows XP Aids Vandals, NYT 6/4/01
- IP telephony makes a splash, NWFusion 5/23/01
- Cisco Answers The Call Of VoIP, Standard 3/29/01
- Long Distance Goes Online The Standard Statistics
- No Ringy-Dingy, ZDNet 01/29/01
- Voice over IP is a (fast) moving target, NWFusion 2/2/01
- One In Four Users Will Use PC-To-Phone Services Jan 5, 2001 nua
- Net Phone Advertisers Work To Reduce Expectations Dec 13 msnbc
- Commercial VoDSL Near Reality Aug 1, 2000 internetnews
- Free Phone Calls Just Clicks Away July 5, 2000 suntimes
- Why Free Net Phone Calls Keep Telcos Up at Night (And How They Plan to Quash Them) ZDNet 6/12
- A Web phone is still a phone CNN 6/12
- Net Phones Cut Costs Now, Boost Bottom Lines Later Forbes 6/5
- Net use stunted by phone monopolies, study says C|NET 5/5
- A Net phone, please. Hold the call-waiting. DigitalMass 3/21
- Where They're Rushing for Free Cyber Phoning Don't cancel your long distance yet, but if you can stand the ads, Dialpad offers reasonable Net-quality sound and service Business Week 3/17
- Net Phone Calls Increasingly Popular NUA 01/04/00
VOIP Reality Check NWFusion 12/2
- GTE Internetworking Launches International VoIP Service InternetNews 10/15
- Voice Over IP Sales to Reach $4 Billion 9/19/1999
- Study: IP telephony to go mainstream soon C|NET 1/99
- Analyst sees $60 billion IP phone market C|NET 1/12/99
- Bell Atlantic First to Offer 'Last-Mile' Link for Internet (Sept 9, 1998).
- Bell South Imposes Access Charges on IP Telephony. See Bell South Release. 09/08/1998
- Bell Companies Take Law Into their own hands on Internet telephony, American Reporter Sept 1998
- Multimedia Carriers Split over phone like Internet use InfoWord (March 18, 1996)
- Robert A. Hickling, Internet Telephony - A Technical Discussion
- FAQ: How can I use the Internet as a telephone? (Feb 23, 1996)
- Internet-phone convergence makes for murky regulatory picture Nando.net (Mar 9, 1996)
- Wrestling over the future US News Online
- Long-distance carriers wail over dirt cheap Internet calls The Seattle Times (March 24, 1996)
- How Web Phones Work c|net
- A Call for Standards c|net
- Web phone tips and tricks c|net
- 12 Web Phones to Make Net Calls c|net
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