This document provides an overview of a unit on rebranding places. It discusses what rebranding is, why places may need to rebrand due to economic, environmental or social issues, and different rebranding strategies. These strategies can involve re-imaging, re-imagining, and redevelopment to refresh identities, attract investment and encourage renewal. Fieldwork and research are important parts of understanding rebranding players and case studies in different locations.
In this chapter, we will discuss how our cities/ villages are shaped. We will look at how residential factors can affect incomes and poverty, migration and population.
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.3 The Changing Structure of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.1 AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND FOOD PRODUCTION. It contains: ley terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
In this chapter, we will discuss how our cities/ villages are shaped. We will look at how residential factors can affect incomes and poverty, migration and population.
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.3 The Changing Structure of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.1 AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS AND FOOD PRODUCTION. It contains: ley terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
Weather influences every part of our daily life. Climate shapes our culture, our history and our civilization. The changes in wind, temperature, humidity can not be underestimated.
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.4 The Management of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS RESULTING FROM MASS MOVEMENTS. It contain case studies: Italian Mudslides 1998, New Zealand Landslip 1979, European Avalanches 1999.
A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.4 Sustainable Management of Coasts. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.3 MANUFACTURING AND RELATED SERVICE INDUSTRY. It contains: key terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - CORAL REEFS. It contains: what are coral reefs, the development of corals, growth rates, polyps and algae, reef formation, fringing reefs, barrier reefs, atolls, threats to coral.
Weather influences every part of our daily life. Climate shapes our culture, our history and our civilization. The changes in wind, temperature, humidity can not be underestimated.
A comprehensive presentation of subchapter 6.4 The Management of Urban Settlements, from the third chapter of Human Geography, AS Cambridge, Settlements.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS - HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS RESULTING FROM MASS MOVEMENTS. It contain case studies: Italian Mudslides 1998, New Zealand Landslip 1979, European Avalanches 1999.
A2 Geography Revision for Coastal Environments, subchapter 8.4 Sustainable Management of Coasts. It is suitable for Year 13 Geography, Cambridge Examination in November 2016. It contains: key terms and definitions, a topic summary, sketches and descriptions, additional work (6 questions for testing your knowledge) and some suggested websites.
This chapter has very recently been expanded from being a mere part of the population dynamic topic. A good call since migration has become a pretty big issue in the world today as population mobility has greatly increased in the 21st century.
CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY A2 REVISION - PRODUCTION, LOCATION AND CHANGE: 11.3 MANUFACTURING AND RELATED SERVICE INDUSTRY. It contains: key terms and definitions, topic summary, additional work and suggested websites.
A2 CAMBRIDGE GEOGRAPHY: COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS - CORAL REEFS. It contains: what are coral reefs, the development of corals, growth rates, polyps and algae, reef formation, fringing reefs, barrier reefs, atolls, threats to coral.
The demands of the 21st Century require a different approach from traditional education. In the current paradigm, CONTENT is king. Educators are often concerned with coverage of specific topics and attempts to measure the understanding of algorithms and the recall of facts. Rather than force-feeding everyone the same content, we should be creating CONTEXTS in which students have the opportunity to think, practice skills, take risks, and explore. Expect presentation, play, and discussion.
Outlines the what, why and how of Conscious Travel as a movement, concept and collaborative learning and change agency. Presents the new "7 Ps" of an alternative tourism model to mass industrial tourism whose outcome of Plenty is achieved by a focus on People, Place, Purpose, Pull Marketing, Protection (resource conservation & rejuvenation) and Pace - the art of slow.
Shows how the three change drivers - technology, values and biophysical reality are inter weaving and necessitating a new approach to destination marketing and management. Hosts must wake up and become community change agents
This invited presentation illustrates the value of small business digital marketing through a number of case studies executed over a five year period in the Kentucky River Area Development District (KRADD). The final case studies were developed after travels and observations of the HandMade in America trails in Western North Carolina to advance travel and tourism through a series of “persona travelers” based on Kentucky tourism research of how and where to spend 36 hours in the KRADD region. This presentation was for the KRADD monthly meeting on October 24th, 2012 in Whitesburg, KY.
1. 6GEO2 Unit 2 Geographical Investigations – Student Guide: Rebranding
2. CONTENTS 1. Overview 2. Requirements of the specification 3. What is rebranding? 4. Rebranding strategies 5. Ideas for fieldwork 6. Following up the fieldwork 7. Making it work for the exam Click on the information icon to jump to that section. Click on the home button to return to this contents page
3. 1. Overview • Unit 2 has four components, but you are only required to study two of UNIT 2: The Paired these. Options –you only study one in each • In the 75 minute exam you answer pair! one question based on your two chosen topic areas. This means there The ‘Physical’ Pair is no choice. 1. Extreme • This exam is designed to test both Weather knowledge and understanding of 2. Crowded Coasts geographical concepts as well as geographical skills. The ‘Human’ Pair • Fieldwork, research and the enquiry 1. Unequal Spaces process lie at the heart of this exam. 2. Rebranding • The most important ways of ensuring the highest possible grades in this module is (i) being able to focus on the question set, (ii) to be able to use resources effectively, and (iii) to get your fieldwork in a form that works for the exam.
4. UNIT 2 – Assessment overview and structure • Normally the first part of each question starts with a data stimulus element. • The fieldwork and research elements are related directly to work you have carried out during a field trip AND may involve questions about how you processed, interpreted etc what you found. •The data stimulus in unlikely • The remaining question to be the 15 mark question is more management and •Data stimulus with an analysis issues based. Here case element is possible study knowledge will be required.
5. Its all about the brand – the What is image or symbol given sell or rebranding? promote a to a product Brand Artefact Brand Essence Brandscape Create a new What its like to work How does it compare environment there, live there, visit with other places at a Reuse the existing there. Who says what range of scales: environment about it? local, regional, national Remove old and international? environment Rebranding tries to improve a place and attract people and investment
6. Why might places need rebranding? • There may be a number of linked reasons: – The economy: loss of employment + dynamism – The environment: problems with buildings + infrastructure? – The image: inward investment + tourism? Towns and cities Countryside Coastal areas Each of these different areas Depopulation? Transport issues? Inaccessibility? face their own particular Unemployment base? Limited work? Decline in tourism? challenges, Desindustrialisation? Agricultural change? Loss of fishing? problems and reasons for Poor reputation? Backward reputation? No investment? decline
7. A high deprivation score (or index) may mean that places need to rebrand. Health Deprivation? may also be linked to deprivation and the need to rebrand. The IMD for London, 2004. deprived wards concentrated north and east of the Thames, the area of Docklands and around the new 2012 Olympics site. Other, smaller and more discrete areas often related to high levels of immigrant populations An online GIS health map for London (http://www.londonprofiler.org/ ) This shows the distribution of lung cancer, where red colours indicate an higher incidence. There is a pattern, but it is more complex than the IMD above.
8. Winners and losers in leisure and tourism Tourism is an Changes in tourism and leisure have important brought a series of winners and losers component of rebranding. Winners Losers Ironbridge, Shropsh ire has flourished •Overseas destinations •Less accessible and through its links •Near-motorway locations peripheral locations with •Self contained holiday •Traditional seaside resorts industry, engineerin villages (Victorian?) g and heritage •‘Eco’ and adventure •Mid + lower market destinations guesthouses •Cities (especially easily •Non-specialist B&Bs accessible) •Some lower profile visitor •Night-time economy attractions •Affordable ‘branded’ hotels Which places and which types of location are more likely in need of rebranding?
9. The strategies for rebranding Rebranding may involve re-imaging, re- imagining, and redevelopment. Places need to refresh their identities, as well as attract new investment and encourage physical, economic and social renewal Birmingham has created a brand based on a number of flagship buildings, as well as food.
10. Rebranding – the options Rebranding usually has a number of aims: • Economic: to replace a ‘lost’ economic sector with a new one, creating employment and a positive multiplier. • Environmental: to improve the built environment, to the point that an area is able to project a new , attractive image as a place to be, rather than a place to avoid. • Social: to encourage population growth, and a more diverse population in terms of age, socio- economic group and possibly culture / ethnicity. To achieve these aims, regeneration and reimaging are normally tied to a particular ‘brand’ which gives a strategy a focus and a public face. Logos’s have become a crucial part of this.
11. There are many different tools and ways to rebrand: • Heritage • Retail • Sport & Leisure • Media, arts & culture • Science • Green / sustainable
12. Rebranding players Regional • It is important to Development Agencies understand who is responsible for European Local (EU) Money Councils rebranding. • In the UK it does not ‘just happen’. There are always key players Players but these differ Property developers Business and Industry depending on the type and location of rebranding initiative. Rebranding may also Charities Local people and operate along a communities ‘spectrum’: Different players may initiate different types of scheme in different locations
13. Thinking about fieldwork and research Key fieldwork + research ‘In the field’ can focuses mean a variety of things. ‘Top- up’ from other Time to rebrand sources if • Profile of places necessary to give coverage Rebranding strategies • Rural strategies • Urban strategies Managing rural rebranding • Assess success of schemes When preparing notes for revision don’t just list Managing urban what you did. Add depth with places and examples rebranding of EQUIPMENT, NUMBER of surveys, details of LAND • Assess success of schemes USE MAPS, even talk about SAMPLING. The best answers often to refer to real fieldwork and real places
14. Examples of fieldwork and research Time to Rebrand Rebranding strategies Managing rural rebranding Managing urban rebranding Example Fieldwork to uncover the Questionnaires and Selection and Selection and FIELDWORK ‘profile’ and identity of a extended interviews with establishment of criteria establishment of location – reasons for key players / stakeholders for success in RURAL criteria for success in loss of function and locally to evaluate roles rebranding. Visit URBAN rebranding. identity and opinions. location(s), collect Visit location(s), Range of possible Use of images (e.g. qualitative and collect evidence, e.g. options including various options a, b, c) – quantitative evidence, photos of new design quality surveys (i.e. perception choices – what e.g. oral histories of flagship architecture; residential quality, would you like? Delivered change, perception of proportion of retail shopping quality etc), through on-the-street reputation, looking for occupancy; footfall; ‘placecheck form’, photo questionnaire. evidence of change in retail diversity (or and video evidence to functional hierarchy etc. quality of shopping); exemplify problem areas; Looking for evidence of cloning, perception / questionnaire to local improvements to ‘place reputation (through residents and image’, ‘product image the analysis of various businesses; basic field and imaging rural texts); notes and observations. people. More subjective Mixture of qualitative and Opportunity at busy evidence may include quantitative approaches. rural rebranded fieldwork which locations to determine surveys the sphere of influence distribution of cranes in an urban spaces Example Census and other socio- Research into the Research secondary Research secondary RESEARCH demographic data to rebranding process, i.e. evidence of success, evidence of success, identify locations - strategies to market and e.g. photos illustrating e.g. crime statistics, Acorn and Cameo create identity: change, changes in visitor numbers / profiles of different importance of employment, visitor footfall patterns. Data postcodes (e.g. environment, economy, profile and published from town / city centre ‘checkmyfile’). In socio-cultural identity. catchment survey data management particular employment / Researching the roles, etc. socio-economic profiles; identities and functions of role of geodemographic various players through data. secondary sources and evidence. Local papers and arts groups may provide useful sources.
15. Before you go out get the pre- Fieldwork you can do before research in order and during the site visit Websites Most rebranding schemes have a website and Apply some healthy scepticism; data on these often proclaim their success in terms of: job creation is notoriously difficult to Money spent quantify as jobs can move, so have not Jobs created really been created. Construction Environmental improvements Visitor surveys Focus on where people have come from; this A wider sphere of influence may suggest allows you to complete sphere of influence that a ‘brand’ is well known and new maps attractions are working Questionnaires Try and get local opinion, as well as that of Careful questionnaire design is important; visitors. set yourself clear aims in terms of what It may be worth moving outside the area that you need to find out and decide on has been rebranded in order to gauge the views locations. of surrounding residents. EQS Very useful especially if you conduct them along Comparing regenerated to un-regenerated a transect; compare regenerated and non- is a good way of making a judgement regenerated areas. Landuse maps These need to be detailed enough to analyse Aim to compare old landuse with new later i.e. building by building, and need to have landuse – this way you can get a clear a detailed key that can differentiate functions; picture of what has changed. small areas are better. Sites such as ‘Wheresthepath’ allow free GIS mapping with old and new OS maps side by side
16. Opportunities for longer term research • Examine research sources such as the National Census accessed through neighbourhood statistics. • You can also use local authority websites for accessing a range of online GIS maps and data. • Within your school or college it is always useful to look back at data that was collected by students a few years ago. This is most likely available in an electronic form. The Commission for Rural Inequalities has some interesting resource that could support rural rebranding
17. How would I measure other elements of rebranding? Deindustrialisation Newspapers – reporting factory closures and job losses; could be part of a questionnaire survey of changing economic circumstances / jobs. Depopulation Census at http://www.ons.gov.uk/census/index.html , which takes a snapshot of population every 10 years, so population change can be calculated. Dereliction Landuse surveys, identifying vacant buildings and unused / overgrown land; possibly part of an EQS especially if you used comparative areas. Deprivation Index of Multiple Deprivation; this can be found as part of the Census website but most local Councils have IMD data on their websites which is often easier to use. Interviews •The ideal way would be to conduct an interview with You may have to representatives from the developers or the local council find out about •try to ‘dig’ for information on funding and partners. players also. More qualitative Research •You should use the web to research who is involved approaches •often rebranding projects are intricate partnerships of required here. private businesses, councils and government quangos.
18. Following-up the rebranding fieldwork? ACTIVITY 1 – METHODOLOGY WRITE-UP. Give a focus on the techniques and approaches used, how the sites were selected, justification etc. Remember to A range of include both fieldwork and research ideas. fieldwork ACTIVITY 2 – PRESENTATION and ANALYSIS. Give a focus on the range of follow-up techniques used to present the data and say why you used them. Also include a options may description of how and why data was analysed (including qualitative, e.g. be Annotation of photographs etc). appropriate in order to ACTIVITY 3 – RESULTS, CONCLUSIONS and EVALUATION. Give a focus on what better you found, including some locational detail. You should also give details of prepare for selected results, and provide an evaluative framework, e.g. limitations, the exam. reliability of results etc. The most Peer review of other modeled exam responses. Use highlighting, annotation etc important to learn from other peoples work. This could be linked to a mark scheme, activities are in the light A fieldwork glossary...very useful to help with technical language in the exam. green boxes This could be linked to a techniques matrix (see next slide). A GIS / Google Earth map showing the locations visited as place marks. Mock exam questions completed under timed conditions , linked to each of the three activities above. A PowerPoint presentation , to focus on giving a ‘virtual tour’ of the locations / and or findings.
19. Matching your fieldwork and research to the question Questionnaires Include questions on the brand to assess how well known it is; consider showing people a range of logos and get them to identify the ‘correct’ one. Be specific when Activity counts What are people doing? Have they ‘just come for answering a a drink’ when the ‘idea’ was that they should be question – visiting an art gallery? all these can be used Local Press Local newspapers rarely pull their punches if they to indicate think money has been badly spent – get into your ‘success’ local library and see what journalists are saying Landuse surveys Look for evidence of certain functions – sports, art, high end retail – are they present, or is the brand really just a ‘front’. All linked to the success of rebranding
20. Get your summaries and case-studies together Summary diagrams such as this can be very useful in preparation for the Unit 2 exam. There are ‘fact- rich’ and carry a range of ideas to help with both fieldwork and research as well as case study material Source – Peter Symmonds College
21. Success or failure – how can we assess? • Return to the aims of the rebranding. Very broadly these are likely to be some combination of: • Economic • Environmental. • Social • In terms of judging success you will need to use a mixture of fieldwork and research; quantitative and qualitative.
22. Rebranding in Cornwall The Old Brewery Quarter, Cardiff • A rich mixture of private • A private development: developments and public money, Countryside Properties plc, plus EU funding (e.g. Objective 1 S A Brain & Co. , Mansford match funding) Holdings plc. Cardiff City Council and Cadw • The property developers then had the task of attracting tenants such as La Tasca, Starbucks and Chiquitos.
23. Rebranding doesn’t always work….. Example: • Opened: 1999 Closed: 2004 Doncaster’s • Location: close to Doncaster Earth Centre built on 400-acre site of a former colliery • What? A leisure, recreation and education park designed to showcase sustainable living • Cost: about £60 million, funded largely by the Millennium Lottery Commission. • Closure? Lack of visitors; the centre‘s location was not great and transport access was poor and there was limited interest in the overall idea • The site is now used as a paintballing / airsoft skirmishing site.
24. Summary • Revise your personal fieldwork and research on rebranded urban and rural areas thoroughly. • Know details on sampling, surveys, presentation, analysis and conclusions. • Know the location(s) and why it needed rebranding. • What were the aims of rebranding? • What the ‘brand image’ is and how it might have changed over time. • Be clear about ways to judge its success.