Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome
Publication: Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
3 February 2007
Abstract
Randomised controlled trials have shown that exercise training has a mild or moderate favourable effect on many metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors that constitute or are related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Epidemiological studies suggest that regular physical activity prevents type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality in large part through these risk factors. Although randomized controlled trials with the prevention or treatment of the MetS as the main outcome have not been published, several large randomized controlled trials provide strong evidence that favourable lifestyle changes, including regular physical activity, are effective in the prevention of type 2 diabetes in individuals who are overweight and have impaired glucose tolerance. Compliance with the current recommendations to increase the total volume of moderate-intensity physical activity and to maintain good cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness appears to markedly decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially in high-risk groups. Walking is the most common form of physical activity— it improves health in many ways and is generally safe. Therefore, brisk walking for at least 30 min daily can be recommended as the principal form of physical activity at the population level. If there are no contraindications, more vigorous physical exercise or resistance training should also be considered to obtain additional health benefits. Unstructured and low-intensity physical activity may also decrease the likelihood of developing the MetS, especially when substituted for sedentary behaviours such as watching television. The measurement of maximal oxygen consumption may provide an efficient means to target even individuals with relatively few metabolic risk factors who may benefit from more intensive intervention.
Résumé
Des études expérimentales ont démontré que l’entraînement physique entraîne un effet favorable de léger à modéré sur des facteurs de risque métabolique et cardiovasculaire définissant ou s’associant au syndrome métabolique (MetS). D’après des études épidémiologiques, la pratique régulière de l’activité physique préviendrait en grande partie le diabète de type 2, les maladies cardiovasculaires et les décès prématurés notamment par son action sur ces facteurs de risque. Même s’il n’y a pas d’études expérimentales publiées dont l’objet est la prévention et le traitement du Mets, d’importantes études expérimentales ont démontré que des modifications dans le bon sens du mode de vie comme la pratique de l’activité physique contribuent efficacement à la prévention du diabète de type 2 chez des individus présentant un surplus de poids et une intolérance au glucose. Si les groupes à haut risque adoptent les recommandations d’accroître la quantité d’activité physique d’intensité modérée et se donnent une bonne capacité cardiovasculaire et une bonne capacité musculaire, ils réduiront notablement le risque de développer le MetS. La marche est l’activité physique la plus pratiquée; sécuritaire, elle améliore aussi la santé de plusieurs façons. Par conséquent, il y a donc lieu de recommander à la population en général la pratique de la marche rapide d’une durée d’au moins 30 min tous les jours. En l’absence de contre-indications, on peut recommander d’ajouter plus de vigueur dans les efforts physiques ou de l’entraînement à la force pour plus de bénéfices sur le plan de la santé. La pratique en dilettante de l’activité physique de faible intensité peut réduire le risque de développer le MetS notamment quand elle se substitue à une activité sédentaire comme regarder la télévision. La mesure de la consommation maximale d’oxygène peut constituer un moyen efficace d’identifier des individus qui présentent peu de facteurs de risque métabolique et qui peuvent bénéficier d’une pratique plus intense.
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Published In
Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism
Volume 32 • Number 1 • February 2007
Pages: 76 - 88
History
Received: 6 September 2006
Revision received: 27 October 2006
Accepted: 30 October 2006
Version of record online: 3 February 2007
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Timo A.LakkaT.A. Lakka and David E.LaaksonenD.E. Laaksonen. 2007. Physical activity in prevention and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 32(1): 76-88. https://doi.org/10.1139/h06-113