Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

Volume 25, Issue 4, July–August 2015, Pages 344-352
Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

Original article
Cytotoxicity of latex and pharmacobotanical study of leaves and stem of Euphorbia umbellata (Janaúba)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2015.07.005 Get rights and content
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Abstract

In southern Brazil, the bottled latex of Synadenium grantii Hook f., Euphorbiaceae, is popularly used as a treatment of all types of cancer. Similarly, Synadenium umbellatum Pax. is used in the central western region of Brazil for the same purpose and in the same manner of use. Both plants are popularly known as janaúba or leitosinha. The objectives of this study were to use pharmacobotanical analysis to verify whether these two species, which are considered to be distinct, are actually the same to determine anatomical markers; to assist in the identification and differentiation of other Euphorbia; and to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the latex in relation to HeLa and HRT-18 cells. Leaves and stems of the species were collected in Goiânia and Ponta Grossa and were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy techniques. The latex was also collected and analyzed in relation to its cytotoxic effect by employing MTT and NR techniques. The pharmacobotanical study of the specimens in both localities showed that they were the same species, namely Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns, which is the scientific nomenclature accepted and confirmed by an expert taxonomist who specializes in Euphorbia. The pharmacobotanical characteristics highlighted in this study can assist in the identification of the taxon and contribute to the control of the quality of this plant drug. The evaluation of the latex in relation to HRT-18 cells demonstrated action after 48 h of experiment. In contrast, in relation to HeLa cells its induced cytotoxicity in all times and a dose-dependent manner. The IC50 values (72 h) observed were 252.58 ± 18.51 μg/ml and 263.42 ± 15.92 μg/ml to MTT experiment and 250.18 ± 19.48 μg/ml and 430.56 ± 19.71 μg/ml to NR experiment for the HeLa and HRT-18 cells, respectively.

Keywords

HeLa
HRT-18
Morfo-anatomy
Synadenium grantii
Synadenium umbellatum

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