Kate R. Oppegaard, RN, MS, is Doctoral Student, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco.
Samantha J. Mayo, RN, PhD, is Associate Professor, Lawrence S. Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Terri S. Armstrong, RN, PhD, is Senior Investigator and Deputy Branch Chief, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland.
Kord M. Kober, PhD, is Associate Professor, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco.
Joaquin A. Anguera, PhD, is Associate Professor, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco.
Fay Wright, RN, PhD, is Assistant Professor, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York.
Jon D. Levine, MD, PhD, is Professor, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco.
Yvette P. Conley, PhD, is Professor, School of Nursing, University of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
Steven Paul, PhD, is Research Data Analyst 3, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco.
Bruce Cooper, PhD, is Research Data Analyst 3, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco.
Christine Miaskowski, RN, PhD, is Professor, Schools of Nursing and Medicine, University of California San Francisco.
Accepted for publication December 19, 2022.
This study was funded by a grant from the National Cancer Institute (CA134900). Ms. Oppegaard was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Nursing Research (T32NR016920) and the Oncology Nursing Foundation. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Miaskowski is an American Cancer Society clinical research professor.
The study was approved by the Committee on Human Research at the University of California San Francisco and the institutional review boards at each study site. All patients gave written informed consent.
The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.
Corresponding author: Christine Miaskowski, RN, PhD, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California San Francisco, 2 Koret Way, N631Y, San Francisco, CA 94143-0610 (e-mail: [email protected]).
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