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Efficient Sugar Release by the Cellulose Solvent-Based Lignocellulose Fractionation Technology and Enzymatic Cellulose Hydrolysis

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Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 210-A Seitz Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Virginia 24061, and Department of Energy (DOE) BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831
* To whom correspondence should be addressed. Telephone: 540-231-7414. Fax: 540-231-3199. E-mail: [email protected]
†Biological Systems Engineering Department, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
‡Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science (ICTAS), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University.
§Department of Energy (DOE) BioEnergy Science Center.
Cite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56, 17, 7885–7890
Publication Date (Web):August 15, 2008
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf801303f
Copyright © 2008 American Chemical Society
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    Efficient liberation of fermentable soluble sugars from lignocellulosic biomass waste not only decreases solid waste handling but also produces value-added biofuels and biobased products. Industrial hemp, a special economic crop, is cultivated for its high-quality fibers and high-value seed oil, but its hollow stalk cords (hurds) are a cellulosic waste. The cellulose-solvent-based lignocellulose fractionation (CSLF) technology has been developed to separate lignocellulose components under modest reaction conditions ( Zhang, Y.-H. P.; Ding, S.-Y.; Mielenz, J. R.; Elander, R.; Laser, M.; Himmel, M.; McMillan, J. D.; Lynd, L. R. Biotechnol. Bioeng.2007, 97 (2), 214−223). Three pretreatment conditions (acid concentration, reaction temperature, and reaction time) were investigated to treat industrial hemp hurds for a maximal sugar release: a combinatorial result of a maximal retention of solid cellulose and a maximal enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. At the best treatment condition (84.0% H3PO4 at 50 °C for 60 min), the glucan digestibility was 96% at hour 24 at a cellulase loading of 15 filter paper units of cellulase per gram of glucan. The scanning electron microscopic images were presented for the CSLF-pretreated biomass for the first time, suggesting that CSLF can completely destruct the plant cell-wall structure, in a good agreement with the highest enzymatic cellulose digestibility and fastest hydrolysis rate. It was found that phosphoric acid only above a critical concentration (83%) with a sufficient reaction time can efficiently disrupt recalcitrant lignocellulose structures.

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    81. Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh, Zhiguang Zhu, Sungsool Wi, Y.‐H. Percival Zhang. Cellulose solvent‐based biomass pretreatment breaks highly ordered hydrogen bonds in cellulose fibers of switchgrass. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2011, 108 (3) , 521-529. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22964
    82. Daniel Klein‐Marcuschamer, Brad Holmes, Blake A. Simmons, Harvey W. Blanch. Biofuel Economics. 2011, 329-354. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470959138.ch14
    83. Iria Ana Ares-Peón, Carlos Vila, Gil Garrote, Juan Carlos Parajó. Enzymatic hydrolysis of autohydrolyzed barley husks. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 2011, 86 (2) , 251-260. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.2511
    84. Shawn Pugh, Rebekah McKenna, Richard Moolick, David R. Nielsen. Advances and opportunities at the interface between microbial bioenergy and nanotechnology. The Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 2011, 89 (1) , 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.20434
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    86. Joseph A. Rollin, Zhiguang Zhu, Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh, Y.‐H. Percival Zhang. Increasing cellulose accessibility is more important than removing lignin: A comparison of cellulose solvent‐based lignocellulose fractionation and soaking in aqueous ammonia. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2011, 108 (1) , 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22919
    87. Michael FitzPatrick, Pascale Champagne, Michael F. Cunningham, Ralph A. Whitney. A biorefinery processing perspective: Treatment of lignocellulosic materials for the production of value-added products. Bioresource Technology 2010, 101 (23) , 8915-8922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2010.06.125
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    89. Mélanie Hall, Prabuddha Bansal, Jay H. Lee, Matthew J. Realff, Andreas S. Bommarius. Cellulose crystallinity – a key predictor of the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. The FEBS Journal 2010, 277 (6) , 1571-1582. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07585.x
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    95. Zhiguang Zhu, Noppadon Sathitsuksanoh, Todd Vinzant, Daniel J. Schell, James D. McMillan, Y.‐H. Percival Zhang. Comparative study of corn stover pretreated by dilute acid and cellulose solvent‐based lignocellulose fractionation: Enzymatic hydrolysis, supramolecular structure, and substrate accessibility. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 2009, 103 (4) , 715-724. https://doi.org/10.1002/bit.22307
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    97. Y.-H. Percival Zhang, Eric Berson, Simo Sarkanen, Bruce E. Dale. Sessions 3 and 8: Pretreatment and Biomass Recalcitrance: Fundamentals and Progress. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 2009, 153 (1-3) , 80-83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8610-3
    98. Y.-H. Percival Zhang. A sweet out-of-the-box solution to the hydrogen economy: is the sugar-powered car science fiction?. Energy & Environmental Science 2009, 2 (3) , 272. https://doi.org/10.1039/b818694d
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