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First published online September 5, 2012

The Unengaged Mind: Defining Boredom in Terms of Attention

Abstract

Our central goal is to provide a definition of boredom in terms of the underlying mental processes that occur during an instance of boredom. Through the synthesis of psychodynamic, existential, arousal, and cognitive theories of boredom, we argue that boredom is universally conceptualized as “the aversive experience of wanting, but being unable, to engage in satisfying activity.” We propose to map this conceptualization onto underlying mental processes. Specifically, we propose that boredom be defined in terms of attention. That is, boredom is the aversive state that occurs when we (a) are not able to successfully engage attention with internal (e.g., thoughts or feelings) or external (e.g., environmental stimuli) information required for participating in satisfying activity, (b) are focused on the fact that we are not able to engage attention and participate in satisfying activity, and (c) attribute the cause of our aversive state to the environment. We believe that our definition of boredom fully accounts for the phenomenal experience of boredom, brings existing theories of boredom into dialogue with one another, and suggests specific directions for future research on boredom and attention.

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Article first published online: September 5, 2012
Issue published: September 2012

Keywords

  1. boredom
  2. attention
  3. emotion

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PubMed: 26168505

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John D. Eastwood
Department of Psychology, York University
Alexandra Frischen
Department of Psychology, York University
Department of Psychology, University of Guelph
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo
Mark J. Fenske
Department of Psychology, University of Guelph
Daniel Smilek
Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo

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John D. Eastwood, Department of Psychology, York University, 118 Behavioural Science Building, 4700 Keele St. Toronto, Ontario MJ3 1P3, Canada E-mail: [email protected]

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