Sunday 24 September 1939
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| The Luftwaffe Bombing Warsaw. |
Battle of Poland: The Luftwaffe mounts its first major raid on Warsaw on Sunday,
24 September 1939. Previously, on 1 September 1939, the Luftwaffe had bombed Warsaw pursuant to Operation Wasserkante, which was not a great success. This, however, is a much larger effort and is a complete success. Estimates of the number of Luftwaffe bombers vary widely but is probably roughly 500 bombers. The actual number of bombers involved is murky because the Luftwaffe, due to the short distances involved from its bases, can send some squadrons on a second sortie. The devastation is not so much due to the fact that the Luftwaffe is so capable, it is that the Polish city is basically defenseless against air attack.
By now, the Polish Air Force is largely just a memory. There are few shelters for civilians. The bombing attack ruptures water pipes and fire-fighting attempts are minimal. This is the first instance of "terror bombing" and will become a part of a familiar litany of names used by Allied propaganda: "Warsaw, Rotterdam...." The British in particular are put out by the raid, considering it an unwarranted escalation of violence contrary to German assurances of just a few weeks before. Adolf Hitler, surveying the damage, later remarks, "That is how I can deal with any European city."
General der Flieger Albert Kesselring, in command of Luftflotte 1, arranges the bombing raid in support of Army Group North under the command of Generaloberst Fedor von Bock. Having only fairly recently earned his flying wings, Kesselring takes to observing the bombing of the city in his light plane. Either on this or one of the immediately following days, he is shot down. It is the first of five times that Kesselring is shot down during the war.
The bombing raids are to aid the advancing Heer, which commences its assault on Warsaw. This will be a recurring pattern, with massive Luftwaffe raids on large cities immediately prior to ground assault. A later example of this is Stalingrad, where a raid on 24 August 1942 heralded the siege of the city.
Elsewhere, the Soviets capture Grodno. Also, the Soviet 8th Rifle Corps intercepts the 14th Regiment of Jazlowiec Uhlans commanded by Major Witold Radziulewicz. The Poles are fleeing southwards towards the border. At the Battle of Husynne, some 400 Polish mounted policemen from Warsaw, aided by artillery, beat back Soviet infantry. Radziulewicz attempts to break through the Soviet line to continue heading south, but Soviet tanks move in and force the Poles to surrender. The Soviets suffer hundreds of casualties while the Poles lose only 18 killed and 139 wounded. It is another indication - for those looking - of the weakness of Soviet tactics and perhaps some lack of a sense of urgency in the Soviet ranks.
The Germans officially announce that they have crossed the Vistula between Modlin and Warsaw, cutting off the capital.
Soviet Military: Soviet troops take oil wells at Drohobycz, the heart of the Galician oilfields.
Western Front, Ground Operations: The Germans make some local attacks that are repulsed. The British Expeditionary Force (BEF) is moving into position.
Western Front Air Operations: Reconnaissance flights take place over Western Germany. During the course of the night, propaganda leaflets are dropped.
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| Pictured is SS Porta, the sister ship of SS Minden. The Minden was scuttled by its own crew on 24 September 1939. |
Battle of the Atlantic: Norddeutscher Lloyd cargo ship Minden, 4301 tons, is intercepted to the southeast of Iceland by patrolling Royal Navy cruisers HMS Calypso and HMS Dunedin. The Minden's crew scuttles the ship rather than allow the British to capture it, which is standard practice. There is a continuing legend that the ship was loaded in Brazil on 6 September 1939 with up to four tons of German gold being repatriated to Germany by Dresdner Bank. This, however, is an unproven theory that has been neither verified nor disproven - yet. The Dunedin takes the German crew to Scapa Flow for internment.
Swedish Steamer Gertrude Blatt and British cargo steamer Hazelside are sunk. There are some 11 casualties from the latter.
The Germans commission Z22 Anton Schmitt, a 1936 Zerstörer (destroyer).
War Crimes: After the battle of Husynne, at least 25 Polish prisoners of war are murdered by the Soviets. They are buried in a small war cemetery in Rogalin and in Husynne.
Future History: Oberscharführer (sergeant) Rochus Misch is one of four men selected by his company commander, SS-Hauptsturmführer Wilhelm Mohnke, to negotiate the surrender of the Fortress of Modlin. He can speak a little Polish. The negotiations fail, and whilst on the way back to German lines, Misch is shot several times. He spends six weeks in a convalescent home after surgery. Mohnke recommends him for the Führerbegleitkommando (Führer Escort Command; FBK), a cushy position in Berlin.
Misch winds up traveling with Hitler as his bodyguard throughout the war. He even becomes the radio guy in the Berlin bunker in April 1945. Misch stays to the end and is the primary source for the account of Hitler's fate. In a strange twist of fate, he and Mohnke meet up again that month when Mohnke becomes the last commander of Berlin. Mohnke, accused of multiple war crimes, is never prosecuted and passes away in 2001.
Misch remains an obscure figure for decades. Eventually, however, he outlives everybody else who was in the bunker and becomes a minor celebrity. He gives adamant re-tellings of how Hitler died on 30 April 1945 despite recurrent skepticism in some quarters. He also appears to relish his association with Hitler until his passing. Misch finally passes away on 5 September 2013.
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| Rochus Misch, a first-hand witness to events in the Hitler bunker, is shot on 24 September 1939 but survives. |
Future History: On 23 July 2017, it was revealed that treasure hunters, the UK-based Advanced Marine Services, have located the hulk of the sunken SS Minden. The Icelandic navy spots a rented Norwegian research boat, Seabed Constructor, stationary over the sea lanes. The Seabed Constructor's crew, after some evasions, ultimately confesses that they have located the wreck of the Minden and believe that they have found the German gold believed to be in the sunken ship's post room. The treasure hunters apply to Icelandic courts for a ruling on who owns the gold. At 2017 gold prices, the potential amount in the ship could be up to $163 million. Obviously, the treasure hunters believe the legend. In fact, they claim to have found a strongbox containing the gold, but there is no proof as of July 2017 that they found anything, and the ship is believed by many other people to have been sailing without any valuable cargo.
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| The approximate position of the SS Minden, sunk off the southeast coast of Iceland, located in 2017. |
September 1939
September 1, 1939: Invasion of PolandSeptember 2, 1939: Danzig AnnexedSeptember 3, 1939: France, Great Britain Declare WarSeptember 4, 1939: First RAF RaidSeptember 5, 1939: The US Stays OutSeptember 6, 1939: Battle of Barking CreekSeptember 7, 1939: Polish HQ Bugs OutSeptember 8, 1939: War Crimes in PolandSeptember 9, 1939: The Empire Strikes BackSeptember 10, 1939: The Germans Break OutSeptember 11, 1939: Battle of KałuszynSeptember 12, 1939: The French Chicken OutSeptember 13, 1939: The Battle of ModlinSeptember 14, 1939: Germany Captures GdyniaSeptember 15, 1939: Warsaw SurroundedSeptember 16, 1939: Battle of JaworówSeptember 17, 1939: Soviets Invade PolandSeptember 18, 1939: Lublin FallsSeptember 19, 1939: Germans, Soviets Hook UpSeptember 20, 1939: the Kraków Army SurrendersSeptember 21, 1939: Romania ConvulsesSeptember 22, 1939: Joint Soviet-German Military ParadeSeptember 23, 1939: The Panama ConferenceSeptember 24, 1939: The Luftwaffe Bombs WarsawSeptember 25, 1939: Black Monday for WarsawSeptember 26, 1939: Warsaw on the RopesSeptember 27, 1939: Hitler Decides to Invade FranceSeptember 28, 1939: Warsaw CapitulatesSeptember 29, 1939: Modlin Fortress FallsSeptember 30, 1939: Graf Spee on the Loose2019
