Floriculture crops include bedding plants, flowering plants, foliage plants or houseplants, cut cultivated greens, and cut flowers. As distinguished from nursery crops, floriculture crops are generally herbaceous. Bedding and garden plants consist of young flowering plants (annuals and perennials) and vegetable plants.
Flowers are mainly for export. This business is growing in the world at around 6-10 per cent per annum. In 2007 the size of the industry was $80 billion.
Karnataka is the leader in floriculture, accounting for 75% of India’s total flower production. The state has the highest area under modern cut flowers, and 40 flower growing and exporting units. The country’s first and only flower auction centre is located in Karnataka.
Karuturi Networks, a little known Bangalore company, is close to acquiring the Netherlands-based Sher, the world’s largest producer and supplier of roses, for about $50 million (Rs 220 crore) to emerge as the global leader in roses. Sher’s greenhouses in the Netherlands, Kenya and Ethiopia produce 600 million roses annually.
- University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore
- Indian Institute of Horticultural Research , Bangalore
- AP Agricultural University
- Haryana Agricultural University
- Punjab Agricultural University
- College of Agriculture, Maharashtra
The high-value crops grown in green houses are cultivated under controlled conditions, protected from pests, diseases, wind and humidity. Popular flowers used in the modern floriculture that are in demand are roses, anthurium, gerbera, gladioli, orchids, carnations and bird of paradise grown in poly houses.
Flowers are also used for extracts for perfumes and natural dyes. Dry flowers are used for decoration. One can earn Rs 1 lakh per hectare per year from dry flowers. Nursery business – growing plants in pots and in production of seeds are also popular.
Floriculture offers careers in production, marketing, export and research. Jobs range from cultivation or growing flowers, to seed production, dry seed production, seed prodcution, marketing, decoration. National Horticulture Board helps one to establish a flori business. Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) helps entrepreneurs with cold storage facilities and freight subsidies.
Area and Production of Horticulture Crops in Karnataka – 2003-04 | |||||
Sl. No. | Name of the Crop | Area in hectares | Production in tons. | Yield in Tons / hectare | Value in lakh Rupees |
COMMERCIAL FLOWER CROPS | |||||
1 | Aster | 710 | 6857 | 10 | 526 |
2 | Crossandra | 1624 | 7669 | 5 | 1882 |
3 | Marigold | 4583 | 49777 | 11 | 2222 |
4 | Jasmine | 3451 | 20244 | 6 | 8265 |
5 | Chrysanthamum | 2964 | 36294 | 12 | 3931 |
6 | Tube Rose | ||||
a) | Single | 925 | 8122 | 9 | 1557 |
b) | Double(lakh spikes) | 121 | 996 | 8 | 265 |
7 | Gladiolus(lakh spikes) | 135 | 307 | 2 | 360 |
8 | Rose (lakh flowers) | 1530 | 3628 | 2 | 3041 |
9 | Bird of Paradise (lakh flowers) | 27 | 21 | 1 | 92 |
10 | Golden Rod (lakh flowers) | 27 | 85 | 3 | 39 |
11 | Calla Lilly (lakh flowers) | 9 | 14 | 2 | 3 |
(For Sl. No. 12 to 16 Area in units) | |||||
12 | Orchids (lakh spikes) | 2002 | 12 | 0.01 | 12 |
13 | Carnation (lakh cut flowers) | 38 | 186 | 5 | 1376 |
14 | Anthurium (lakh cut flowers) | 40 | 96 | 106 | 15 |
15 | Gerbera (lakh cut flowers) | 33 | 77 | 2 | 56 |
16 | Statice | ||||
a) | Free Flowering Variety (lakh cut flowers) | 81 | 122 | 2 | 12 |
b) | Seasonal Variety (lakh cut flowers) | 45 | 58 | 1 | 5 |
17 | Others | 2075 | 14343 | 7 | 928 |
TOTAL – COMMERCIAL FLOWER CROPS | 18182 | 143306 | 8 | 24681 |
To view State-Wise Area and Production of Flowers click here