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Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Strategies and Challenges

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Targeted Drug Delivery : Concepts and Design

Part of the book series: Advances in Delivery Science and Technology ((ADST))

Abstract

The past few decades have brought in advances for the many maladies existent in the world. Still, the want of complete cure in several diseases remains unfulfilled because of complications related to the therapeutic substance and the diseased tissue/infectious agents. Undesirable physicochemical properties and the potential of exhibiting unwanted adverse effects limit many potential leads. Moreover, many diseased tissues/infectious agents have a tendency of being inaccessible to the “free” drug dosage. To overcome such hurdles novel strategies are undertaken to target the diseased tissues. The advantage of targeted drug delivery is to enhance the presence of the active therapeutic substance at specifically desired location in the body whilst minimizing nonspecific side effects. Approaches undertaken for targeted drug delivery are several including chemical modifications to the drug, prodrugs, use of surface-functionalized nanocarriers, etc. The task of selecting a targeted drug delivery approach is intricate and depends on the therapeutic substance, the disease as well as the specific location of the disease. This chapter aims to provide an overview of the challenges and the strategies employed in targeted drug delivery.

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Abbreviations

DDS:

Drug delivery system

TDDS:

Targeted drug delivery system

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

BBB:

Blood–brain barrier

RES:

Reticuloendothelial system

PEG:

Poly(ethylene) glycol

MNP:

Magnetic nanoparticles

SPION:

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

ADEPT:

Antibody-directed enzyme prodrug therapy

GDEPT:

Gene-directed enzyme prodrug therapy

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

HSV:

Herpes simplex virus

EPR:

Enhanced permeability and retention

SLN:

Solid lipid nanoparticle

FDA:

Food and Drug Administration

siRNA:

Small inhibiting RNA

RNAi:

RNA interference

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor alpha

WHO:

World Health Organization

TB:

Tuberculosis

MSNP:

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles

PEI:

Polyethyleneimine

CNS:

Central nervous system

RBC:

Red blood cells

PLA:

Poly (d,l-lactide)

HAART:

Highly active antiretroviral therapy

MDR:

Multidrug resistance

AZT:

Azidothymidine

BCSFB:

Blood–cerebrospinal fluid barrier

CMT:

Carrier-mediated transport

RME:

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

AME:

Absorptive-mediated endocytosis

APO E:

Apolipoprotein E

LDL:

Low density lipoprotein

CSSS:

Cyanoacrylate skin surface stripping

PLGA:

Poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide)

BRB:

Blood–retinal barrier

RPE:

Retinal pigmented epithelium

P-gp:

P-glycoprotein

PepT:

Peptide transporters

IBD:

Inflammatory bowel diseases

IBS:

Irritable bowel syndrome

CDDS:

Colon targeted drug delivery systems

GIT:

Gastrointestinal tract

RISC:

RNA-induced silencing complex

CPPs:

Cell penetrating peptides

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, 140 The Fenway, Room 211/214, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA

    Bhushan S. Pattni & Vladimir P. Torchilin

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  1. Bhushan S. Pattni
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  2. Vladimir P. Torchilin
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Correspondence to Vladimir P. Torchilin .

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  1. Institute of Chemical Technology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Mumbai, India

    Padma V. Devarajan

  2. National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Centre for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mohali, Punjab, India

    Sanyog Jain

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Pattni, B.S., Torchilin, V.P. (2015). Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Strategies and Challenges. In: Devarajan, P., Jain, S. (eds) Targeted Drug Delivery : Concepts and Design. Advances in Delivery Science and Technology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11355-5_1

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