Skip to main content
Intended for healthcare professionals
Restricted access
Other
First published July 2003

Sport Space and National Identity: Soccer and Skiing as Formative Forces: On the Austrian Example

Roman Horak and Georg SpitalerView all authors and affiliations
Volume 46, Issue 11
https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203046011004

Abstract

This contribution will discuss how the formation of a national sport space interacts with the development of national self-awareness and national identity with reference to the Austrian case. It will be argued that the growing of an Austrian identity is not merely synchronous with the establishment of an Austrian sport space but that this nation-building process has been helped along substantially by the “Austrification” of two leading sports: urban soccer (associated with Vienna) and alpine skiing (linked with rural—mainly alpine—Austria).

Get full access to this article

View all access and purchase options for this article.

Get Access

References

Anderson, B. (1991). Imagined communities. London: Verso.
Google Scholar
Balibar, E., & Wallerstein, I. (1991). Race, nation, class: Ambiguous identities. London: Verso.
Google Scholar
Bernold, M. (1995). Von den Anfängen einer “historischen Sendung” [On the beginning of an “historical program/mission”]. In R. Sieder, H. Steinert, & E. Tálos (Eds.), Österreich 1945-1995 [Austria 1945-1955] (pp. 223-235). Vienna: Verlag für Gesellschaftskritik.
Google Scholar
Billig, M. (1995). Banal nationalism. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Google Scholar
Bourdieu, P. (1990). In other words: Essays toward a reflexive sociology. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Google Scholar
Breuss, S., Liebhart, K., & Pribersky, A. (1995). Inszenierungen. Stichwörter zu Österreich [Stagings. Keywords on Austria]. Vienna: Sonderzahl.
Google Scholar
Bruckmüeller, E. (1996). Nation Österreich. Kulturelles Bewuβtsein und gesellschaftlich-politische Prozesse [Nation Austria: Cultural consciousness and socio-political processes]. Vienna: Boehlau.
Google Scholar
Candidacy EURO 2002. (2002, Autumn). Close to you. EURO 2008 Austria Switzerland candidate. Austria and Switzerland: Author.
Google Scholar
Gellner, E. (1983). Nations and nationalism. Oxford, UK: Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Hall, S. (1992). The question of cultural identity. In S. Hall, D. Held, & T. McGrew (Eds.), Modernity and its futures (pp. 273-316). Cambridge, UK: Polity and Blackwell.
Google Scholar
Haller, M. (1996). Identität und Nationalstolz der Österreicher [Identity and national pride of Austrians]. Vienna: Boehlau.
Google Scholar
Haller, M., & Gruber, S. (1996). Die Österreicher und ihre Nation—Patrioten oder Chauvinisten? [The Austrians and their nation—Patriots or chauvinists?] In M. Haller (Ed.), Identität und Nationalstolz der Österreicher [Identity and national pride of Austrians] (pp. 61-147). Vienna: Boehlau.
Google Scholar
Hanisch, E. (1994). Der lange Schatten des Staates. Österreichische Gesellschaftsgeschichte im 20. Jahrhundert [The long shadow of the state. Austrian sociohistory in the 20th century]. Vienna: Ueberreuter.
Google Scholar
Heer, F. (1981). Der Kampf um die österreichische Identität [The fight for an Austrian identity]. Vienna: Boehlau.
Google Scholar
Heinrich, A. (1994). Tooor! Toor! Tor. Vierzig Jahre 3:2 [Goooal! Gooal! Goal! Forty Years 3:2]. Berlin: Rotbuch.
Google Scholar
Hobsbawm, E. (1990). Myths and nationalism since 1780: Programme, myth, reality. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Google Scholar
Horak, R. “Austrification” as modernization: Changes in Viennese football culture. In R. Giulianotti and J. Williams (Eds.), Game Without Frontiers. Football, Modernity and Identity (pp. 47-71), Aldershot: Avebury Press.
Google Scholar
Horak, R., & Maderthaner, W. (1996). A culture of urban cosmopolitanism: Uridil and Sindelar as Viennese coffeehouse heroes. International Journal of the History of Sport, 13(1), 139-155.
Google Scholar
Horak, R., & Marschik, M. (1995). Vom Erlebnis zur Wahrnehmung. Der Wiener Fuβball und seine Zuschauer 1945-1990 [From experience to perception: Viennese football and its spectators 1945-1990]. Vienna: Turia & Kant.
Google Scholar
John, M. (1997). Österreich [Austria]. In C. Eisenberg (Ed.), Fuβball, soccer, calcio. Ein englischer Sport auf seinem Weg um die Welt [Football, soccer, calcio. An English sport on its way around the globe] (pp. 65-93). Munich: dtv.
Google Scholar
Kastler, K. (1972). Fuβballsport in Österreich [Football in Austria]. Linz, Austria: Trauner.
Google Scholar
Kreissler, F. (1984). Der Österreicher und seine Nation [The Austrian and his nation]. Vienna: Boehlau.
Google Scholar
Lechnitz, F., & Spitaler, G. (1998). Eigentlich waren die Österreicher immer schon anders [In fact, the Austrians were always different]. In M. Wassermair & L. Wieselberg (Eds.), 3:2. 20 Jahre Córdoba [3:2. 20 years after Córdoba] (pp. 90-101). Vienna: Döcker Verlag.
Google Scholar
Markovits, A. S. (1990). The other “American Exceptionalism”: Why is there no soccer in the United States? International Journal of the History of Sport, 7(2), 230-264.
Google Scholar
Markovits, A. S., & Hellerman, S. L. (2001). Offside: Soccer and American exceptionalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Google Scholar
Marschik, M. (1999). Vom Idealismus zur Identität. Der Beitrag der Sportes zum Nationalbewuβtsein in Österreich (1945-1950) [From idealism to identity: The contribution of sport to national awareness in Austria 1945-1950]. Vienna: Turia & Kant.
Google Scholar
Mattl, S. (1996). Auf dem Weg zur massendemokratischen Moderne—Medien, Kommunikation, Kultur [Towards modern mass-democracy: Media, communication, culture]. Zeitgeschichte, 231(2), 32-42.
Google Scholar
Müellner, R. (1998/1999, Winter). Zur Konstruktion von Sporthelden—Das Beispiel des Schirennläufers Anton Sailer [On the construction of sport heroes—The example of the ski racer Anton Sailer]. Historicum, pp. 42-46.
Google Scholar
Pelinka, A. (1990). Zur österreichischen Identität. Zwischen deutscher Vereinigung und Mitteleuropa [On Austrian identity: Between German unification and Central Europe]. Vienna: Ueberreuter.
Google Scholar
Rowe, D., McKay, J., & Miller, T. (1998). Come together: Sport, nationalism, and the media image. In L. A. Wenner (Ed.), MediaSport (pp. 119-133). London: Routledge.
Google Scholar
Schidrowitz, L. (1951). Geschichte des Fuβballsports in Österreich [A history of football in Austria]. Vienna: Trauner.
Google Scholar
Seefranz, D. (1976). Der weisse Rausch. Vom Skisport in Österreich [White ecstasy: Skiing in Austria]. Vienna: Forum.
Google Scholar
Skocek, J., & Weisgram, W. (1996). Wunderteam Österreich [Wonderteam Austria]. Vienna: Orac.
Google Scholar
Stourzh, G. (1990). Vom Reich zur Republik. Studien zum Österreichbewuβtsein im 20. Jahrhundert [From the Empire to the Republic. Studies on the Austrian consciousness in the 20th century]. Vienna: Edition Atelier im Wiener Journal.
Google Scholar
Teibenbacher, P. (1996). Die Ausformung der österreichischen Identität während kritischer, zeithistorischer Ereignisse 1945-1996 [The formation of the Austrian identity during critical events in contemporary history 1945-1996]. In M. Haller (Ed.), Identität und Nationalstolz der Österreicher [Identity and national pride of Austrians] (pp. 209-270). Vienna: Boehlau.
Google Scholar
Thurner, E. (2000). Nationale Identität und Geschlecht in Österreich nach 1945 [National identity and gender in Austria after 1945]. Vienna: Studienverlag.
Google Scholar
Wodak, R., de Cilla, R., Reisigl, M., & Liebhart, K., Hofstätter, K., & Kargl, M. (1998). Zur diskursiven Konstruktion nationaler Identität [On the discursive construction of national identity]. Frankfurt, Germany: Suhrkamp.
Google Scholar

Cite article

Cite article

Cite article

OR

Download to reference manager

If you have citation software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice

Share options

Share

Share this article

Share with email
EMAIL ARTICLE LINK
Share on social media

Share access to this article

Sharing links are not relevant where the article is open access and not available if you do not have a subscription.

For more information view the Sage Journals article sharing page.

Information, rights and permissions

Information

Published In

Volume 46, Issue 11
Pages: 1506 - 1518
Article first published: July 2003
Issue published: July 2003

Keywords

  1. sport space
  2. national identity
  3. Austria
  4. soccer
  5. skiing

Rights and permissions

© 2003.
Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Roman Horak
University of Applied Arts, Vienna
View all articles by this author
Georg Spitaler
International Research Center for Cultural Studies, Vienna, and University of Vienna
View all articles by this author

Metrics and citations

Metrics

Journals metrics

This article was published in American Behavioral Scientist.

VIEW ALL JOURNAL METRICS

Article usage*

Total views and downloads: 402

*Article usage tracking started in December 2016

Articles citing this one

Receive email alerts when this article is cited

Web of Science: 20 view articles Opens in new tab

Crossref: 15

  1. Study on the Mechanism of Influencing Adolescents’ Willingness to Part...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  2. (De)Weaponised for Change: How US Sport Nationalism Contributes to the...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  3. The Host Community and Its Role in Sports Tourism—Exploring an Emergin...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  4. Home field advantage? Exploring credibility of British and American an...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  5. The Greening of Euro 2016: Fan Footage, Representational Tropes, and t...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  6. Cultural Norms and Immigrants in the United States: The Green Card Exp...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  7. Sports and Nationalism in a Globalized World
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  8. Understanding the consequences of victory amongst sport spectators: Th...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  9. Medical and Psychosocial Needs of Olympic and Pan American Athletes af...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  10. Gold fever(?): Sport and national identity – The Hungarian case
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  11. Meanings and Functions in Olympic Consumption: A Study of the Athens 2...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  12. How to influence national pride? The Olympic medal index as a unifying...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  13. Taiwanese Baseball: A Story of Entangled Colonialism, Class, Ethnicity...
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  14. Negotiating sporting nationalism: debating fan behaviour in ‘China vs....
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar
  15. Toward a Distinctive Sport Management Discipline
    Go to citation Crossref Google Scholar

Figures and tables

Figures & Media

Tables

View Options

Get access

Access options

If you have access to journal content via a personal subscription, university, library, employer or society, select from the options below:

Alternatively, view purchase options below:

Purchase 24 hour online access to view and download content.

Subscribe to this journal

Access journal content via a DeepDyve subscription or find out more about this option.

Start 2 week free trial
Need help?

View options

PDF/ePub

View PDF/ePub
Download PDF

Also from Sage