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Joshua Toulmin[*1331]  1740 - 1815

Although not in the direct family line, Dr. Joshua Toulmin is of considerable interest, as he has links with other members of the direct family. He was a first cousin of William [*1321], and as he lived (and was probably widely known) in Taunton from 1765 until January 1804, William is likely to have been well acquainted with him. Joshua was born in London on April 30th, 1740, son of Caleb Toulmin and Mary, daughter of Thomas Skinner. Another source gives his birth date as 11th May 1740. (Probably he celebrated his 13th birthday on May 11th, 1753, 365 days after his twelfth on 30th April, 1752 and continued to do so).

He was admitted to St Paul’s School, aged 8, on November 11th, 1748. His first ministry was at Colyton in Devon where, at the age of twenty-four, he married Jane Smith. The union produced twelve children, of whom only five survived. He had theological objections to infant baptism and possibly extended this to infant registration as none of the children’s births was registered. Whilst at Colyton he became an advocate of adult baptism. At the age of twenty-five he moved to Taunton and became pastor of a society of Baptists and remained there for almost thirty-nine years. He carried out a census of Taunton in 1790 and "counted nearly five and a half thousand people living within the area ringed by the turnpike gates".

He was a prolific writer, and is known to have written over sixty publications. Many of his personal letters have survived, and can be seen in Dr. William’s Library, 14, Gordon Sq., London WC1H 0AG. Taunton public library has a copy of his book, "The History of Taunton in the County of Somerset", (published in 1791) and many papers related to him. The building in which he preached had an interesting history. According to the book "The Book of Taunton", by Robin Bush, "Paul’s Meeting" was built at the top of Paul Street soon after 1672 on part of a bowling green behind the Three Cups Inn, now The County Hotel, and rapidly became one of the largest congregations in the county. After its sacking, and that of the Baptist Meeting, by Mayor Timewell in 1683, the dissenters were driven to worship in private houses on the outskirts of the town, where their assemblies were regularly raided by the Justices. Paul’s Meeting survived attempts to turn it into a workhouse and, with the coming of William and Mary, followed by the Toleration Act of 1689, was reopened. The "Baptist New Meeting", later known as Mary Street Chapel, was registered in 1691 and rebuilt in 1721. Since the 18th century its congregation has been Unitarian and later Joshua Toulmin was its minister until 1803. He was much persecuted during his early years there and "could seldom pass through the streets without insult, while to keep company with him was deemed contagious and impossible". During his ministry here the poet Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote, in a letter to J.P.Estlin, "I walked into Taunton [eleven miles] and back again, and performed the divine services for Dr. Toulmin. I suppose you must have heard that his daughter, [Jane, on April 15th, 1798] in a melancholy derangement, suffered herself to be swallowed up by the tide on the sea-coast between Sidmouth and Bere [Beer]. These events cut cruelly into the hearts of old men: but the good Dr. Toulmin bears it like the true practical Christian, - there is indeed a tear in his eye, but that eye is lifted up to the Heavenly Father". Joshua was sympathetic to both the American and French revolutions and during the excitement of the latter event an effigy of Thomas Paine was burned before Joshua’s door and his windows were broken. He was awarded an Honorary Master of Arts from Brown (1769), and a Doctor of Divinity from Harvard. After January 1804, he moved to Birmingham. He lived in Paradise Row, Birmingham, between 1809 and 1811 and died there on July 23rd, 1815, at the age of 75. He was buried in the Old Meeting graveyard. His tombstone was moved to the borough cemetery at Witton in 1886. He is reported to have had a plan for an annuitant Society for the benefit of widows, which came to grief because it was based on London death rates.

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