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The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in The Age of Empire Hardcover – November 15, 2011
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Print length432 pages
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LanguageEnglish
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PublisherBelknap Press
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Publication dateNovember 15, 2011
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Dimensions6.5 x 1.5 x 9.5 inches
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ISBN-100674052749
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ISBN-13978-0674052741
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Editorial Reviews
Review
"[Jonas has given] us a masterly account of one of the most dramatic moments in the modern history of Africa."- Bahru Zewde, University of Addis Ababa, Africa Review of Books
Review
-- Brian Odom Library Journal
On March 1, 1896, near the town of Adwa, in Ethiopia, an African army convincingly struck down the colonizing Italian army in a battle that decisively shaped not only the contours of Ethiopia but also its future and that of the continent. As University of Washington historian Jonas so deftly observes in this nimble and artfully crafted work, the events at Adwa cast doubt upon Europeans’ unshakeable certainty that Africans would eventually fall under their rule. Jonas draws vibrant portraits of the personalities at the center of these events, from the shrewd Ethiopian monarch Menelik and his bold, aggressive wife, Taytu Betul, to the unfortunate Italian general Oreste Baratieri, the leader of the defeated Italian forces. As Jonas points out, the African victory at Adwa commenced the crumbling of European dominance of Africa; Ethiopia thus became a source of pride and lineage often indistinguishable from Africa itself, and writers such as W.E.B. Du Bois based their own model African states on Ethiopia. Weaving a colorful account from the stories of a dazzling array of characters, Jonas skillfully recreates this now mostly forgotten event that determined the color of Africa.
-- Publishers Weekly (starred review)
Jonas offers the first comprehensive study of one of the most important events in modern African history. He brilliantly brings to life the story of Ethiopian leaders, Italian military officials, and quirky European advisors and observers. Written in a wonderfully evocative and lively style, this book firmly establishes the Battle of Adwa’s place in world history and will appeal to a broad readership.
-- Jonathan Miran, author of Red Sea Citizens
From the Author
About the Author
Product details
- Publisher : Belknap Press; 1st edition (November 15, 2011)
- Language : English
- Hardcover : 432 pages
- ISBN-10 : 0674052749
- ISBN-13 : 978-0674052741
- Item Weight : 1.65 pounds
- Dimensions : 6.5 x 1.5 x 9.5 inches
- Best Sellers Rank: #2,096,747 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
- #188 in Ethiopia History
- #481 in East Africa History
- #2,245 in Italian History (Books)
- Customer Reviews:
About the author
My work explores episodes that connect Europe, Africa, and the Americas.
Habsburgs on the Rio Grande: The Rise and Fall of the Second Mexican Empire (Harvard) shows how European and Mexican fears of American empire converged to establish a European monarchy on Mexican soil.
The Battle of Adwa: African Victory in the Age of Empire (Harvard) tells the unique story of successful African resistance to colonization. The book narrates this signal event in global history and follows the Adwa story as it rolls through African and European diasporic communities. The Battle of Adwa represents the culmination of ten years of research on three continents – Africa, Europe and the Americas.
Earlier work elaborates the political culture of counter-revolution, notably in art, architecture, and ritual. France and the Cult of the Sacred Heart: an Epic Tale for Modern Times (California) focuses on the basilica of Sacré-Coeur in Paris. It situates the basilica within the cold civil war that simmered for over a century after the Revolution of 1789.
The Tragic Tale of Claire Ferchaud and the Great War (California) adopts the biographical form to follow an unusual personality as she navigates the boundary between divine inspiration and hysteria.
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The Battle of Adwa was a showdown between the Ethiopian, then Abyssinian, Imperial Army with auxiliaries, perhaps more than 100,000 in number, and the Italian Colonial Army numbering about 30,000 with Askari, or local soldiers the Italians trained and equipped in Eritrea. The sheer size of the Ethiopian Army along with the distance it moved—more than 500 miles—eclipses common misperceptions of the warfighting ability of African armies. It also countermands racial stereotypes about Africa itself, perhaps best summarized by the succinctly racist and abjectly wrong conclusion by the eminent German Philosopher Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel: “Africa has no history and did not contribute to anything that mankind enjoyed.” Africa does have history and Africa is significant. In fact, Ethiopia, the oldest country in Africa, has almost three thousand years more of history as a nation than the modern state of Germany, which was not even unified in Hegel’s day. From a European perspective, it is also important that the Battle of Adwa invoked the collapse of the Crispi government in Italy and the definitive end of the political consolidation from the Risorgimento period, which could be best articulated in form by the colossal “Vittoriano” monument in Rome. This Italian government collapse fed the Italia irredenta (unredeemed Italy) movement which was instrumental in the foundation of Fascism by Mussolini and the subsequent reinvasion of Ethiopia before WWII—but that is another story.
Professor Jonas, a European historian who teaches at the University of Washington, has written this definitive account of the battle, events leading up to the battle, as well as subsequent impacts, based upon years of research in the United States, Europe, and Africa: a global project for a battle with global reach. The hubris, racism, and betrayal internal to the Italian Army which led to the fateful tactical decisions and decisive Italian defeat on 1 March 1896 are laid bare through a detailed analysis of available sources ranging from official accounts on both sides, soldier memoires and written accounts, Italian court-martial testimony, and even Professor Jonas’s walking and exploration of the terrain and battlefield. This is one of the very few military histories of Africa, particularly a narrative of African combat performance in war, thus a rare gem—ironically written by neither a military historian nor an Africanist! I applaud Professor Jonas and hope that many others can build upon important work like his in this book. A small book about a big day with great consequence!
In this work, the author has examined the lead up to the actual battle, its conduct and the aftermath, when the vast Ethiopian forces under Menelik marched some 1900 Italian prisoners back to Addis Ababa via various routes in order to parade them through the capital and also to use the prisoners as a bargaining chip for future relations with the great European powers.
The author has produced a very good work of this significant battle, as the world moved into the twentieth century and headed into the First World War eighteen years later. The first major defeat of a colonial power by an African nation certainly made the world take heed. Some semblance of this defeat of a colonial power was also to be played out some forty six years later with the fall of Singapore and the defeat of a major colonial power by an Asian country was to set in motion the changes in the world in the post WW2 era.
The book is well written and easy to read rich in personal accounts of various participants in the Battle of Adwa from Generals to ordinary soldiers; it does not dwell on lengthy historical oratory about the various political and social events of the world at the time but focuses on the grassroots events that lead to the Italian army arriving at Adwa and the subsequent battle and its aftermath. The personal stories many of the survivors from both sides makes interesting reading, especially the various fates of many of the Italian prisoners who were billeted out to families in Addis Ababa and how they then set about working in a new lifestyle until their repatriation back to Italy.
The author includes many photos of the people and the terrain of the battle site in this book.
In summary a well written and sourced account of one of history's significant battles, rich in personal accounts and well documented. It would be a very well rounded account of the battle of Adwa with a balanced account of events from both sides. Well done, Raymond Jonas...!
Top reviews from other countries
I personally found the detailed, up-to-minute view of the actual Battle of Adwa a bit confusing, with so many liutenants, captains, flanks, strategies, re-guards, etc. However, the brilliance of this book is that the actual Battle of Adwa is only a fraction of the material explained. I have enjoyed this book tremendously mostly because of its off-side historical insights, be it the everyday life at downtown Massawa, or the royal politics of emperors Yohannes IV vs. Menelik II (and his witty double-dealings), the role of Ras Makonnen in European diplomacy, the life of Eritrean "madamas" and especially the fate of the more than 3 thousand Italian prisoners taken to Addis Ababa after the Ethiopian victory.
This book makes for fascinating reading, including the role of Western media in Racial Stereotypes and their hypocritical appreciation of events: when Ethiopians are in the losing side they're African savages, cannibals, etc, when they beat the Italians they are "Caucasians", "Phoenician". Hilarious, but those were the times. Not only those interested in Ethiopian history, but any reader avid on colonial history should really give this book a try.
On a minor note, I personally don't agree with the author, Raymond Jonas, using the word "Ras Michael" as such, I believe the term "Ras Mikael Alí" would be more appropiate as this is how he's usually remembered in Ethiopia. Whereas the times of Ras Makonnen, Ras Alula and others are well explained, on Ras Mikael Alí it's all a bit sketchy, and it's a pity given his importance at the time and his conversion to Christianity following the overruning of his Sultanate barely a few years prior to the Battle of Adwa. The English-ization of his name is valid of course, but then you could also call Yohannes IV "John", Abuna Matewos "Mathew", etc, (which the author didn't).