In this paper the major optometric, ophthalmologic, and orthoptic literature on the efficacy of vision therapy for amblyopia has been surveyed. Over the past four decades there are many examples of the successful treatment of amblyopia in the form of well documented individual case reports or large sample studies. Although occlusion of the dominant eye has been applied universally, there are some instances of the successful use of minimal occlusion combined with extensive visual-motor therapy. Overall, the results of the literature review strongly support the use of active vision therapy as an integral part of the clinical treatment of amblyopia.