Tailored Methodology Based on Vapor Phase Polymerization to Manufacture PEDOT/CNT Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering
- Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
Antonio Dominguez-AlfaroCarbon Bionanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainMore by Antonio Dominguez-Alfaro
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- Nuria Alegret*
Nuria AlegretCarbon Bionanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainCardiovascular Institute, School of Medicine, UC Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Bldg. P15, Aurora, Colorado 80045, United StatesMore by Nuria Alegret
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- Blanca Arnaiz
Blanca ArnaizCarbon Bionanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainMore by Blanca Arnaiz
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- Jose M. González-Domínguez
Jose M. González-DomínguezDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainMore by Jose M. González-Domínguez
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- Ana Martin-Pacheco
Ana Martin-PachecoDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainMore by Ana Martin-Pacheco
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- Unai Cossío
Unai CossíoRadioimaging and Image Analysis Platform, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainMore by Unai Cossío
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- Luca Porcarelli
Luca PorcarelliPOLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainMore by Luca Porcarelli
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- Susanna Bosi
Susanna BosiDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, ItalyMore by Susanna Bosi
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- Ester Vázquez
Ester VázquezDepartamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnologías Químicas-IRICA, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 13071 Ciudad Real, SpainMore by Ester Vázquez
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- David Mecerreyes*
David MecerreyesPOLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Avenida de Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainIkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, SpainMore by David Mecerreyes
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- Maurizio Prato*
Maurizio PratoCarbon Bionanotechnology Group, CIC biomaGUNE, Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainDepartment of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, INSTM, University of Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, ItalyIkerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, SpainMore by Maurizio Prato
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds with tailored stiffness, porosity, and conductive properties are particularly important in tissue engineering for electroactive cell attachment, proliferation, and vascularization. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) have been extensively used separately as neural interfaces showing excellent results. Herein, we combine both the materials and manufacture 3D structures composed exclusively of PEDOT and CNTs using a methodology based on vapor phase polymerization of PEDOT onto a CNT/sucrose template. Such a strategy presents versatility to produce porous scaffolds, after leaching out the sucrose grains, with different ratios of polymer/CNTs, and controllable and tunable electrical and mechanical properties. The resulting 3D structures show Young’s modulus typical of soft materials (20–50 kPa), as well as high electrical conductivity, which may play an important role in electroactive cell growth. The conductive PEDOT/CNT porous scaffolds present high biocompatibility after 3 and 6 days of C8-D1A astrocyte incubation.
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