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Study of Electrical Stimulation with Different Electric-Field Intensities in the Regulation of the Differentiation of PC12 Cells

  • Wei Jing
    Wei Jing
    State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
    More by Wei Jing
  • , 
  • Yifan Zhang
    Yifan Zhang
    State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
    More by Yifan Zhang
  • , 
  • Qing Cai*
    Qing Cai
    State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
    *E-mail: [email protected]; phone and fax: (86)-10-64412084.
    More by Qing Cai
    Orcidhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6618-0321
  • , 
  • Guoqiang Chen*
    Guoqiang Chen
    Department of Neurosurgery, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing 100012, PR China
    *E-mail: [email protected]; phone and fax: (86)-10-59520008.
    More by Guoqiang Chen
  • , 
  • Lin Wang
    Lin Wang
    Department of Neurosurgery, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University, Beijing 100012, PR China
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  • , 
  • Xiaoping Yang
    Xiaoping Yang
    State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites; Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials; Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
    More by Xiaoping Yang
  • , and 
  • Weihong Zhong
    Weihong Zhong
    School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
    More by Weihong Zhong
Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2019, 10, 1, 348–357
Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00286
Copyright © 2018 American Chemical Society
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    Abstract

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    The strategy of using electrical stimulation (ES) to promote the neural differentiation and regeneration of injured nerves is proven feasible. Study of the possible molecular mechanisms in relation to this ES promotion effect should be helpful for understanding the phenomenon. In this study, it was identified that the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells was enhanced when the electric field intensity was in the range of 30–80 mV/mm, and a lower or higher electric-field intensity displayed inferior effects. Under ES, however, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular Ca2+ dynamics, and expression of TREK-1 were measured as being gradually increasing alongside higher electric-field intensity. In trying to understand the relationship between the ES enhancement on differentiation and these variations in cell activities, parallel experiments were conducted by introducing exogeneous H2O2 into culture systems at different concentrations. Similarly, the effects of H2O2 concentration on the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells, intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels, and TREK-1 expression were systematically characterized. In comparative studies, it was found in two cases that ES of 50 mV/mm for 2 h/day and H2O2 of 5 μM in culture medium shared comparable results for intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels and TREK-1 expression. Higher H2O2 concentrations (e.g., 10 and 20 μM) demonstrated adverse effects on cell differentiation and caused DNA damage. A stronger ES (e.g., 100 mV/mm), being associated with a higher intracellular ROS level, also resulted in weaker enhancement of the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. These facts suggested that the intracellular ROS generated under ES might be an intermediate signal transducer involved in cascade reactions relative to cell differentiation.

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    The Supporting Information is available free of charge on the ACS Publications website at DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00286.

    • Additional details on the SEM analysis of POP fibers prepared in the present study, optimization of electrical voltages and duration times to carry out differentiation studies under ES, cell viability studies in the presence of exogeneous H2O2 at different concentrations, intracellular ROS analysis for PC12 cells after being treated with ES or H2O2, immunolabeling neural-specific proteins, NEFL, and primers designed for PCR analysis (PDF)

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