Understanding the Role of Exercise in Cancer Cachexia Therapy
Abstract
‘Given the importance of muscle mass in relation to cancer mortality, therapies that preserve muscle mass and function may be effective for improving cancer patient survival.’
Disruptions to Systemic Homeostasis Induced by Cancer Cachexia
Systemic Inflammation
Liver Dysfunction
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction
Hypogonadism
Anemia
Physical Inactivity and Muscle Dysfunction
Mechanisms of Muscle Wasting and Cachexia
Protein Synthesis
Protein Breakdown
Mitochondrial Function/Oxidative Capacity Regulation
Systemic and Muscle Alterations Targeted by Exercise
Muscle Property | Cancer Cachexia | Training Adaptation |
---|---|---|
Mass | Decreased | Increased |
Myofiber CSA | Decreased | Increased |
Strength | Decreased | Increased |
Mass regulation | ||
Protein synthesis | Decreased | Increased |
Protein breakdown | Increased | Decreased |
Oxidative capacity | Decreased | Increased |
Systemic Inflammation
Hypogonadism
Anemia
Muscle Protein Turnover
Muscle Oxidative Metabolism
Exercise Prescription for Cancer Cachexia
American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Exercise Prescription for Cancer Survivors
Aerobic | Resistance | Flexibility |
---|---|---|
• 150 min/week of moderate-intensity activity, or | • Muscle strengthening activities at moderate intensity >2 days/week for each muscle group | • Stretch major muscle groups and tendons on days other activities are performed |
• 75 min/week of vigorous-intensity activity, or | ||
• Equivalent combination |
Current Trials and Future Recommendations
Conclusion
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
Funding
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