Linking Long-Term Dietary Patterns with Gut Microbial Enterotypes
Abstract
Diet strongly affects human health, partly by modulating gut microbiome composition. We used diet inventories and 16S rDNA sequencing to characterize fecal samples from 98 individuals. Fecal communities clustered into enterotypes distinguished primarily by levels of Bacteroides and Prevotella. Enterotypes were strongly associated with long-term diets, particularly protein and animal fat (Bacteroides) versus carbohydrates (Prevotella). A controlled-feeding study of 10 subjects showed that microbiome composition changed detectably within 24 hours of initiating a high-fat/low-fiber or low-fat/high-fiber diet, but that enterotype identity remained stable during the 10-day study. Thus, alternative enterotype states are associated with long-term diet.
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Published In
Science
Volume 334 | Issue 6052
7 October 2011
7 October 2011
Copyright
Copyright © 2011, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
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Submission history
Received: 13 May 2011
Accepted: 17 August 2011
Published in print: 7 October 2011
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments: Supported by NIH grants UH2 DK083981 (F.D.B., J.D.L., and G.D.W.) and RO1 AI39368 (G.D.W.); Penn Genome Frontiers Institute; Penn Digestive Disease Center grant P30 DK050306; Joint Penn-CHOP Center for Digestive, Liver, and Pancreatic Medicine grants S10RR024525, UL1RR024134, and K24-DK078228; and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Center for Research Resources, National Institutes of Health, or Pennsylvania Department of Health. Accession numbers (Sequence Read Archive): for the CAFE study, SRX021237, SRX021236, SRX020587, SRX020379, and SRX020378 (metagenomic); for the COMBO study, SRX020773, SRX020770, and SRX089367.
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