I consider myself something of a prospective meditator—meaning that a serious meditation practice is always something I’m about to start… next week.

So for years, I’ve been making a mental note of new studies showing that meditation can literally change our brain structure in ways that might boost concentration, memory, and positive emotions.

© Jacob Wackerhausen

The results seem enticing enough to make anyone drop into the full lotus position—until you read the fine print: Much of this research involves people who have meditated for thousands of hours over many years; some of it zeroes in on Olympic-level meditators who have clocked 10,000 hours or more. Pretty daunting.

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Well, a new study offers some hope—and makes the benefits of meditation seem within reach even for a novice like me.

The study, published last month in the journal Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, suggests that meditating for just 30 minutes a day for eight weeks can increase the density of gray matter in brain regions associated with memory, stress, and empathy.

The researchers tracked 16 people who were participating in the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program, the training program developed more than 30 years ago by Jon Kabat-Zinn. Over eight weekly meetings, the program leads participants through meditation exercises meant to build the skills of mindfulness—a moment-by-moment awareness of one’s thoughts, feelings, bodily sensations, and surrounding environment. Participants are supposed to try these practices on their own between classes.

For decades, people who’ve completed the MBSR training have reported feeling less stress and more positive emotions; participants suffering from chronic illnesses say they experience less pain afterward.

But in this study, the researchers weren’t just asking the participants how they felt. They were examining their brains, two weeks before and right after the eight-week program. Over the same period, they also scanned the brains of people who didn’t receive the MBSR training.

The MBSR participants, none of whom were experienced meditators, reported spending just under half an hour per day on their meditation “homework.” Yet when their brains were scanned at the end of the program, their gray matter was significantly thicker in several regions than it was before.

Brain scans of the hippocampus, showing the regions the researchers determined were affected by meditation. © Image adapted from B. Hölzel, et al., Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging Vol. 191 (1), January 30, 2011, pp. 36-43.

One of those regions was the hippocampus, which prior research has found to be involved in learning, memory, and the regulation of our emotions. The gray matter of the hippocampus is often reduced in people who suffer from depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

The researchers also found denser gray matter in the temporo-perietal junction and the posterior cingulated cortex of the meditators’ brains—regions involved in empathy and taking the perspective of someone else—and in the cerebellum, which has been linked to emotion regulation.

These brain changes may suggest that meditation improves people’s ability to regulate their emotions, control their stress levels, and feel empathy for others, says Britta Hölzel, the study’s lead author and a research fellow at Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Geissen in Germany. However, she stresses that these conclusions are still very speculative.

The group that didn’t receive the MBSR training didn’t show any of these positive changes in brain structure.

Previous research has shown that the structure of very experienced meditators’ brains is different from non-meditators in certain regions, but it couldn’t prove that the meditators didn’t have exceptional brains to begin with. This is the first study to document a difference in brain structure from before someone starts a meditation practice to after they’ve gotten underway—and after only eight weeks, at that.

While other research, notably a 2003 study led by Richard Davidson of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, has shown that people’s brain activity changes after the eight-week MBSR course, there hadn’t been evidence that the effects of meditation can go so deep as to change the structure of the brain.

The results of this new study offer further evidence for the “plasticity” of the brain, meaning it can change its shape over time. That suggests we’re not simply stuck with the neural cards we’re dealt; we can fundamentally improve our cognitive and emotional capacities. 

“I think what’s really positive and promising about this study is that it suggests our well-being is in our hands,” says Hölzel. “What I find fascinating is that just paying attention in a different way and being more aware can have such an impact that it even changes the structure of our brain.”

It’s important to note that meditation isn’t the only research-tested way to produce these changes in the brain. A study published last week, in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, found that the hippocampus of people in their 60s increased in volume after they’d walked around a track three times per week for a year; in peers who did less aerobic exercises, the hippocampus actually got smaller.

The upshot of all this research seems to be: Small steps matter. Many of us can bring about positive effects on our brains and overall well-being—without an Olympic effort.

It’s enough to turn a prospective meditator like me into an actual one.

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Comments

It is good to know that just a little meditation is better than none at all.  As an attorney I try to use meditation to stay centered and calm.  However, some days are more hectic than others and I can’t find the time to fit it in.

David | 2:59 pm, February 17, 2011 | Link

 

I am doing a neurological program that my 10 year old did for increasing attention - based on timing interval training.  It measures how far off time you are from a beat.  I was far off!  Then I did just one 15 min meditation and shaved 15 milliseconds off my time.  Just goes to show how much stress and too many beta waves interfere with our focus.

I’m meditating daily now - so much good stuff out there to pick from and low cost.

Beth Foster | 10:15 am, February 18, 2011 | Link

 

Thank you for this report! This is the first time I’m hearing that exercise can produce similar results. I always thought that the added patience and calm I gained from running, was due to temporary endorphins (and I had to fit it in 3 times a week, even in the dead of winter. Bleh). So I wonder, does this mean that yoga is a form of meditation? I have heard that it produces similar results.

Emmy | 5:23 pm, February 18, 2011 | Link

 

stillness

what a delight it is
to discover daily…

stillness in the mundane,
silliness in the profound!

the heartfelt feelings
of the sensuous body-mind!

the child deep down in the adult,
wisdom in a child’s expression!

life marching towards death,
life emerging from death!

-shankar

Shankar Hemmady | 9:52 pm, February 20, 2011 | Link

 

Thank you for highlighting this topic…....

اصالة | 6:23 am, September 23, 2011 | Link

 

I am going to recommend this article to my patients.
Over the years I found meditation very helpful when trying to conceive.

Dr. Daven | 2:40 am, October 1, 2011 | Link

 

I love seeing material like this, and your final summation was right on the money: small steps matter.  Too often people are chased away from some healthy path because they believe they need to change their entire life.  Perhaps give up a ton of work or family time to pursue a meditative practice.  But the truth is that just small changes to our habits or schedule, made with some tenacity, can produce an outsized gain.

Good work on covering this.  Vigilate,

Chris Boozell

Christopher | 8:08 pm, October 7, 2011 | Link

 

We tried this at work on Friday and it was amazing how much effect it had on productivity!

Wedding Venues | 3:43 pm, October 15, 2011 | Link

 

I meditate in mornings. Surely advise all of the readers to take this article siriously - Would appreciate more sources and even some references to some meditation music sites.

Daria Mantis | 5:17 am, October 18, 2011 | Link

 

I’ve not been a fan of meditation.  It seems the opposite of exercise and there’s a lot more science that tells us to get up and move than to sit down and do nothing.  We do enough of that already.  I bet there are thousands of people who play mind games on themselves saying that they are meditating their way to health when they really need to take a brisk walk each day and start lifting some weights.

Mr. Fitness | 7:06 pm, November 6, 2011 | Link

 

Earth day is about celebrating and doing something great to save our earth. It can be started from small actions such as turn the electricity off for the whole city in 1 hour.

Sunlighten | 12:33 am, November 21, 2011 | Link

 

Over the same period, they also scanned the brains
of people who didn’t receive the MBSR training
thanks.

menopausetreatmentguide.org | 2:02 pm, November 24, 2011 | Link

 

. This is the first study to document a difference in
brain structure from before someone starts a
meditation practice to after they’ve gotten underway
—and after only eight weeks, at that.

Patrik | 5:23 am, November 26, 2011 | Link

 

That suggests we’re not simply stuck with the neural
cards we’re dealt; we can fundamentally improve our
cognitive and emotional capacities.

Glutathione | 6:20 am, November 26, 2011 | Link

 

Meditation is an interesting practice for me. I learn how to watch my thoughts, and I find out many interesting facts about meditating.

preschool work sheets | 5:35 am, January 13, 2012 | Link

 

This makes a ton of sense. The entire faculty at my school just spent all day yesterday learning about brain development and I was interested (and gratified) to learn of the positive effects of exercise and meditation on the brain.

Trina | 5:58 pm, February 21, 2012 | Link

 

Excellent findings. Many people know from
experience that meditation is beneficial, but it’s
always nice to have science confirm it.

Buddhist Books | 7:27 am, March 8, 2012 | Link

 

It is good to know that just a little meditation is
better than none at all. As an attorney I try to use
meditation to stay centered and calm. However,
some days are more hectic than others and I can’t
find the time to fit it in.

range cookers | 11:41 am, April 19, 2012 | Link

 
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