Skip to main content

Introduction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
State-Formation and Democratization

Part of the book series: Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century ((CDC))

  • 278 Accesses

Abstract

This introductory chapter shows that the emergence of new states has dramatically changed the international state system, but there is a lack of knowledge about state formation, which refers to the processes that create new states. This book aims therefore to increase the knowledge about state formation by answering the question in what ways processes of state formation have created new states. The chapter introduces a model of state formation as a process with five phases and presents a database that includes 132 cases of state formation from 1946 to 2015, which later chapters use to classify and compare the cases. It is also argued that the establishment of political regime is a crucial part of state formation, but previous research has neglected this connection.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 44.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 59.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Almond, G. A. (1956). Comparative Political Systems. Journal of Politics, 18(3), 391–409.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Almond, G. A. (1960). Introduction: A Functional Approach to Comparative Politics. In G. A. Almond & J. S. Coleman (Eds.), The Politics of Developing Areas (pp. 16–50). Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Almond, G. A., & Powell, G. B. (1966). Comparative Politics: A Developmental Approach. Boston: Little, Brown.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alvarez, M., Cheibub, J. A., Limongi, F., & Przeworski, A. (1996). Classifying Political Regimes. Studies in Comparative International Development, 31(2), 3–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bailey, K. D. (1994). Typologies and Taxonomies. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Banks, A. S., & Muller, T. C. (2011). Political Handbook of the World 2011. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Banks, A. S., Muller, T. C., & Overstreet, W. R. (2007). Political Handbook of the World 2007. Washington, DC: CQ Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boix, C., Miller, M., & Rosato, S. (2013). A Complete Data Set of Political Regimes, 1800–2007. Comparative Political Studies, 46(12), 1523–1554.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bremer, S. A., & Ghosn, F. (2003). Defining States: Reconsiderations and Recommendations. Conflict Management and Peace Science, 20(1), 21–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cheibub, J. A., Gandhi, J., & Vreeland, J. R. (2010). Democracy and Dictatorship Revisited. Public Choice, 143(2), 67–101.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chenoweth, E. (2011). Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes Dataset, V. 1.1. Denver: University of Denver.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chenoweth, E., & Lewis, O. A. (2013). Nonviolent and Violent Campaigns and Outcomes Dataset, V. 2.0. Denver: University of Denver.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coggins, B. (2011). Friends in High Places: International Politics and the Emergence of States from Secessionism. International Organization, 65(3), 433–467.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coggins, B. (2014). Power Politics and State Formation in the Twentieth Century: The Dynamics of Recognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Collier, D., LaPorte, J., & Seawright, J. (2012). Putting Typologies to Work: Concept Formation, Measurement, and Analytic Rigor. Political Research Quarterly, 65(1), 217–232.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, K. G. (2014). Inside the Politics of Self-Determination. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, R. A. (1971). Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, R. A. (1989). Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dahl, R. A. (1998). On Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Derbyshire, J. D., & Derbyshire, I. (1999). Political Systems of the World (Vol. 1 & 2). Oxford: Helicon Publishing Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Easton, D. (1965). A System Analysis of Political Life. New York: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ertman, T. (1997). Birth of Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fabry, M. (2010). Recognizing States: International Society & the Establishment of New States Since 1776. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Fazal, J. D. (2004). State Death in the International System. International Organization, 58(2), 311–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fazal, J. D. (2011). State Death: The Politics and Geography of Conflict. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frederick, B. A., Hensel, P. R., & Macaulay, C. (2017). The Issue Correlates of War Territorial Claims Data, 1816–2001. Journal of Peace Research, 54(1), 99–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleditsch, K. S., & Ward, M. (1999). A Revised List of Independent States Since the Congress of Vienna. International Interactions, 25(4), 393–413.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gleditsch, K. S. (2004). A Revised List of Wars Between and Within Independent States, 1916–2002. International Interactions, 30(3), 231–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, R. D. (2015). Between Dissolution and Blood: How Administrative Lines and Categories Shape Secessionist Outcomes. International Organizations, 69(3), 731–751.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, R. D. (2016). Age of Secession: The International and Domestic Determinants of State Birth. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, R. D., & Butcher, C. R. (2013). Introducing the International System(s) Dataset (ISD), 1816–2011. International Interactions, 39(5), 748–768.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, T. R. (1993). Minorities at Risk: A Global View of Ethnopolitical Conflicts. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, T. R. (2000). People Versus States: Minorities at Risk in the New Century. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hechter, M. (1992). The Dynamics of Secession. Acta Sociologica, 35(2), 267–283.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lehtinen, S. (2014). Demokratins förutsättningar vid staters självständighet. En studie om politiska regimer i nybildade stater. Åbo: Åbo Akademis förlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mahoney, J. (2010). Colonialism and Postcolonial Development: Spanish American in Comparative Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Munck, G. L. (2009). Measuring Democracy: A Bridge Between Scholarship and Politics. Baltimore: The John Hopkins University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Møller, J., & Skaaning, S.-E. (2017). Explanatory Typologies as a Nested Strategy of Inquiry: Combining Cross-Case and Within-Case Analyses. Sociological Methods & Research, 46(4), 1018–1048.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pavković, A. (2007). Creating New States: Theory and Practice of Secession. Aldershot: Ashgate.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettersson, T., & Wallensteen, P. (2015). Armed Conflicts 1946–2014. Journal of Peace Research, 52(4), 536–550.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Premdas, R. R. (1990). Secessionist Movements in Comparative Perspective. In R. R. Premdas, S. W. R. de A Samarasinghe, & A. B. Anderson (Eds.), Secessionist Movements in Comparative Perspective (pp. 1–29). London: Printer Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rokkan, S. (1999). State Formation, Nation-Building, and Mass Politics in Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rost, N., & Booth, J. A. (2008). Determinants of Regime Type in Newly Independent States. European Journal of Political Research, 47(5), 635–664.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Russett, B. M., Singer, J. D., & Small, M. (1968). National Political Units in the Twentieth Century: A Standardized List. American Political Science Review, 62(3), 932–951.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sambanis, N. (2004). What Is a Civil War? Conceptual and Empirical Complexities of an Operational Definition. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 48(6), 814–858.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singer, J. D., & Small, M. (1966). The Composition and Status Ordering of The International System, 1815–1940. World Politics, 18(2), 236–282.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Soifer, H. D. (2015). State Building in Latin America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorens, J. (2012). Secessionism: Identity, Interest, and Strategy. Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tilly, C. (1992). Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992. Oxford: Blackwell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wimmer, A., & Feinstein, Y. (2010). The Rise of the Nation-State Across the World, 1816 to 2001. American Sociological Review, 75(5), 764–790.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wood, J. R. (1981). Secession: A Comparative Analytical Framework. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 14(1), 107–134.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thomas Denk .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Denk, T., Lehtinen, S. (2019). Introduction. In: State-Formation and Democratization. Challenges to Democracy in the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91749-8_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics