Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) and aristolochic acid (AA) are toxins that can frequently contaminate cereals and cereals-based products. The present study has realized a comparison between the effect of OTA and AA on oxidative stress and inflammation in both the liver and kidney of pigs as major organs involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Fifteen pigs (five pigs/group) were randomly distributed in three groups (control, OTA, and AA) and were fed diets contaminated or not with 250 μg toxin/kg for 28 days. Consumption of a diet contaminated with OTA and AA increase the concentration of serum creatinine as compared with the control group. The exposure of piglets to AA decrease the activity of enzymes involved in the oxidative stress response: catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxydase (GPx) in the liver and kidney while OTA decrease only GPx activity and only in the kidney. The consumption of the diets contaminated with AA increase in the liver the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interferon (IFN) gamma, Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and IL-8 synthesis, while IL-4 was increase by OTA and decreased by AA. In the kidney, AA increase the TNF alpha and IFN gamma synthesis as compared with the control. In conclusion, our results have shown that beside the alteration of serum markers, much known indicators for nephropathy, OTA and AA can induce inflammation and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the inflammatory effects were more pronounced for AA and at the liver level, while oxidative stress was induced both in the liver and kidney.
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This work was financed through the Nucleus Program thought the project PN 16 41 0202 financed by Romanian Ministry of Research.
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DM and IT conceived and designed the research. MG, DM, GP, and IT performed the in vivo experiments. GP and MP performed the ex vivo analysis (assessment of plasma biochemistry, oxidative stress parameters and cytokine synthesis). DM write the paper and performed the statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the manuscript.
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The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Committee of the National Research-Development Institute for Biology and Animal Nutrition, Balotesti Romania.
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Marin, D.E., Pistol, G.C., Gras, M. et al. A comparison between the effects of ochratoxin A and aristolochic acid on the inflammation and oxidative stress in the liver and kidney of weanling piglets. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 391, 1147–1156 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-018-1538-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-018-1538-9