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Genome editing revolutionize the creation of genetically modified pigs for modeling human diseases

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Abstract

Pigs have anatomical, physiological and genomic characteristics that make them highly suitable for modeling human diseases. Genetically modified (GM) pig models of human diseases are critical for studying pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention. The emergence of nuclease-mediated genome editing technology has been successfully employed for engineering of the pig genome, which has revolutionize the creation of GM pig models with highly complex pathophysiologies and comorbidities. In this review, we summarize the progress of recently developed genome editing technologies, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9), which enable highly efficient and precise introduction of genome modifications into pigs, and tailored disease models that have been generated in various disciplines via genome editing technology. We also summarize the GM pig models that have been generated by conventional transgenic strategies. Additionally, perspectives regarding the application of GM pigs in biomedical research are discussed.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA020602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31172281, 31272440), and the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CBA01005 and 2011CB944100).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Jing Yao, Jiaojiao Huang & Jianguo Zhao

  2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Jianguo Zhao

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  1. Jing Yao
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  2. Jiaojiao Huang
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Correspondence to Jianguo Zhao.

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Yao, J., Huang, J. & Zhao, J. Genome editing revolutionize the creation of genetically modified pigs for modeling human diseases. Hum Genet 135, 1093–1105 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00439-016-1710-6

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