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A review of the toxicology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract

  • Invited Review Article
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Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract of man and animals shows great specialization in structure and function for its primary role of digestion. There are many species differences in diet, anatomy and metabolism, and its neuroendocrine regulation has evolved into a complex field for investigation. Exposure of the tract from oral cavity, stomach, small and large intestine results in a range of toxicities covered by this review. Carcinogenesis of the gastrointestinal tract by a range of agents including pharmaceuticals is also discussed.

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Abbreviations

AcCh:

Acetyl choline

ACF:

Altered crypt foci

APC:

Adenomatous polyposis coli

APP:

Amyloid precursor protein

APUD:

Amine precursor uptake decarboxylase

CAG:

Chronic atrophic gastritis

CCK:

Cholecystokinin

CYP:

Cytochrome P450

DCAMKL1:

Doublecortin and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-like-1

DEN:

Diethyl nitrosamine

DMBA:

Dimethylbenzanthracene

EBV:

Epstein–Barr virus

ECL:

Enterochromaffin like

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

FAP:

Familial adenomatous polyposis

FGF23:

Fibroblast growth factor 23

GI:

Gastrointestinal

GIST:

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour

GLP-1:

Glucagon-like peptide 1

5-HT:

5-Hydroxytryptamine/ serotonin

H2RA:

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist

LPS:

Lipopolysaccharide

MALT:

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

MAM:

Methylazoxymethanol

MEK:

Mitogen-activated ERK activating kinase

MGST:

Microsomal glutathione S-transferase

MNNG:

N-Methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine

NGF:

Nerve growth factor-

NPC:

Niemann–Pick disease, type C1

NSAID:

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug

NTP:

National toxicology programme (US)

PDGF:

Platelet-derived growth factor receptor

PEG:

Polyethylene glycol

PGE1:

Prostaglandin E1

SSRI:

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

TGF:

Transformic growth factor

TLR:

Toll-like receptor

UDPGT:

Uridine diphosphate-glucuronyltransferase

VEGFR:

Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor

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    G. R. Betton

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Betton, G.R. A review of the toxicology and pathology of the gastrointestinal tract. Cell Biol Toxicol 29, 321–338 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10565-013-9257-y

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