Original Article
Irritability and rejection-elicited aggression in adolescents and young adults
Megan Quarmley,
Athena Vafiadis,
Johanna M. Jarcho,
Corresponding Author
Megan Quarmley
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Joint first authorship.
Correspondence
Megan Quarmley, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAthena Vafiadis
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Joint first authorship.
Search for more papers by this authorJohanna M. Jarcho
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Search for more papers by this author
Megan Quarmley,
Athena Vafiadis,
Johanna M. Jarcho,
Corresponding Author
Megan Quarmley
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Joint first authorship.
Correspondence
Megan Quarmley, 1701 N. 13th St., Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA; Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAthena Vafiadis
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Joint first authorship.
Search for more papers by this authorJohanna M. Jarcho
Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Search for more papers by this authorConflict of interest statement: No conflicts declared.
Abstract
Background
Violence exacts staggering personal and financial costs – a burden disproportionally born by adolescents and young adults. This may be partially due to an increased sensitivity to social rejection during this critical phase of development. Irritability, a transdiagnostic symptom, is often elicited by social interactions. Yet, little is known about age differences in social rejection-elicited aggression and irritability. Progress toward testing such relations has been hindered by a lack of ecologically-valid tasks that enable the measurement of in-the-moment social rejection-elicited aggression.
Methods
In this paper, we describe an initial study of young adults (n = 55) that demonstrates the efficacy of a novel Virtual School and Aggression Paradigm (VS-AP). Next, we replicate these results in a second study of adolescents and young adults (ages 11–25 years; n = 173) and examine relations between social rejection-elicited aggression, irritability, and age.
Results
We found that aggressive behavior in the VS-AP differed for accepting, rejecting, and unpredictable peer types (Study 1: F(2, 108) = 20.57, p < .001, ε2 = .28; Study 2: F(2, 344) = 152.13, p < .001, ε2 = .47), demonstrating that the VS-AP successfully models social rejection-elicited aggression. In Study 2, age was negatively correlated with aggressive behavior (r = −.29, p < .001) and irritability (r = −.28, p < .001), while irritability was positively correlated with aggressive behavior (r = .28, p < .001). Age moderated the relation between social rejection-elicited aggression and irritability. Specifically, irritability was more predictive of aggression in young adults than in adolescents (F(3, 167) = 7.07, p < .001).
Conclusions
Data suggest mechanisms promoting rejection-elicited aggression may differ across development and vary for those with and without high levels of irritability. The VS-AP is a promising tool for probing neurocognitive, developmental, and clinically relevant mechanisms underlying social rejection-elicited aggression.
Supporting Information
| Filename | Description |
|---|---|
| jcpp13804-sup-0001-AppendixS1-S4.docxWord 2007 document , 642.2 KB | Appendix S1. Supplemental primary analytic methods. Appendix S2. Supplemental primary analtyic results. Appendix S3. Analyses with Age as a Categorical Variable: Methods. Appendix S4. Analyses with Age as a Categorical Variable: Results. |
| jcpp13804-sup-0002-Supinfo.pdfapplication/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.pdf, 377.8 KB | Table S1. Demographics for Study 2. Table S2. Reputation ratings and aggressive behavior for Study 2. Table S3. Pearson's correlations between age, irritability, and aggression in young adults and adolescents. Figure S1. Participant response frequency during the virtual school. Figure S2. Age differences in social rejection-elicited aggression. Figure S3. Moderating effects of age on relation between irritability and aggressive behavior. |
Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
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