Destructive creation, creative destruction, and the paradox of innovation science
Likun Cao
Sociology Department & Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Search for more papers by this authorZiwen Chen
Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
James Evans
Sociology Department & Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Santa Fe Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Correspondence
James Evans, Sociology Department & Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, 5500 S. University Ave. #210, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorLikun Cao
Sociology Department & Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Search for more papers by this authorZiwen Chen
Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
James Evans
Sociology Department & Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
Santa Fe Institute, Gainesville, Florida, USA
Correspondence
James Evans, Sociology Department & Knowledge Lab, University of Chicago, 5500 S. University Ave. #210, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Search for more papers by this authorAbstract
Innovation or the creation and diffusion of new material, social and cultural things in society has been widely studied in sociology and across the social sciences, with investigations sufficiently diverse and dispersed to make them unnavigable. This complexity results from innovation's importance for society, but also the fundamental paradox underlying innovation science: When innovation becomes predictable, it ceases to be an engine of novelty and change. Here we review innovation studies and show that innovations emerge from contexts of discord and disorder, breaches in the structure of prior success, through a process we term destructive creation. This often leads to a complementary process of creative destruction whereby local structures protect and channel the diffusion of successful innovations, rendering alternatives obsolete. We find that social scientists naturally focus far more on how social and cultural contexts influence material innovations than the converse. We highlight computational tools that open new possibilities for the analysis of novel content and context in interaction, and show how this brings us empirically toward the broader range of possibilities that complex systems and science studies have theorized—and science fiction has imagined—the social, cultural and material structures of innovation conditioning each other's change through cycles of disruption and development.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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