The Validation and Reliability of the Food and Health Questionnaire to Assess Health and Nutrition Knowledge
Abstract
Purpose:
Methods:
Results:
Conclusion:
Introduction
Materials and Methods
Translation and Validation
Characteristics of the Study Participants
Questionnaire Development
Category name | No. of question | No. of items | Question number | Question type | Cronbach α | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Multiple choice | Open answer | Yes/No questions | |||||
General questions | 15 | 15 | Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4, Q5, Q6, Q7, Q8, Q9, Q10, Q11, Q12, Q13, Q14, Q15 | 8 | 7 | – | N/A |
Health & diet | 33 | 44 | Q16, Q17, Q18, Q19, Q20, Q21, Q22, Q23, Q24, Q25, Q26, Q27, Q28, Q29, Q30, Q31, Q32, Q33, Q34, Q35, Q36, Q37, Q38, Q39, Q40, Q41, Q42, Q43, Q44, Q45, Q46, Q47, Q48 | 32 | – | 1 | 0.7 |
Nutrients | 29 | 105 | Q49, Q50, Q51, Q52, Q53, Q54, Q55, Q56, Q57, Q58, Q59, Q60, Q61, Q62, Q63, Q64, Q65, Q66, Q67, Q68, Q69, Q70, Q71, Q72, Q73, Q74, Q75, Q76, Q77 | 28 | – | 1 | 0.9 |
Sustainability | 4 | 4 | Q78, Q79, Q80, Q81 | 4 | – | – | 0.3 |
Food safety | 13 | 15 | Q82, Q83, Q84, Q85, Q86, Q87, Q88, Q89, Q90, Q91, Q92, Q93, Q94 | 12 | – | 1 | 0.6 |
All questions | 94 | 183 | 84 | 7 | 3 | 0.9 |
Test–Retest and Data Analysis
Validity test
Reliability tests
Internal consistency
Cross-correlation test and correlogram
Exploratory factor analysis
Factor | Knowledge | Behavior | Attitude (Intrinsic) | Attitude (Extrinsic) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | 1.000 | 0.138 | 0.394 | 0.626 |
Behavior | 0.138 | 1.000 | 0.554 | 0.221 |
Attitude (Intrinsic) | 0.394 | 0.554 | 1.000 | 0.279 |
Attitude (Extrinsic) | 0.626 | 0.221 | 0.279 | 1.000 |
Results
Discussion
Validity
Reliability Tests
Cross-Correlation Test and Correlogram
Question number | Question formula | Answers | Category |
---|---|---|---|
17 | You are currently being treated | High cholesterol, high blood pressure, overweight/obesity, stress/anxiety/depression, diabetes, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, heart disease, osteoporosis, cancer, stroke (multiple answers were allowed) | General question |
18 | Over the past year, how much thought have you given to the healthfulness of the foods and beverages you consume? | A lot, a little, not sure, none | Knowledge |
19 | What types of drinks do you generally drink? | Water, soda, soft drinks, diet soft drinks, nectars and natural juices (fresh or packed), juices, dairy products, energy drinks, nonalcoholic malt (multiple answers were allowed) | Behavior |
21 | Over the past year, how much thought have you give to the amount of physical activity you get? | A lot, a little, not sure, none | Behavior |
22 | If you had an extra 100 JOD to spend every month, what would you likely do with that money? | Save, invest, pay off debt, pay household expenses or home repairs, shop (for anything other than grocery), spend more on entertainment, spend more on groceries, spend more on dinning out, donate money, put money toward gym or athletic activities (multiple answers were allowed) | Behavior |
23 | If you suddenly had an extra 4 hours every week, how would you likely spend that time? | Exercising, spending time socializing with family and friends, relaxing/sleeping, other household chores/tasks, reading, practicing a hobby, using electronic devices, watching TV, keep better track of exercise/health/diet, cooking or baking, shopping (for anything besides groceries), volunteering for charity activities, working, grocery shopping, worshipping (multiple answers were allowed) | Behavior |
24 | How much time do you personally spend cooking or preparing dinner on the average weekday? | I don’t cook, some but less than 15 minutes, 15 to < 30 minutes, 30 to < 45 minutes, 45 to < 60 minutes, 60 minutes or longer | Behavior |
25 | To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? “I would rather lose 1000 JOD than gain 10 kg.” | Strongly agree, somewhat agree, somewhat disagree, strongly disagree, not sure | Attitude |
26 | Which do you spend more time doing? | Following favorite sport or sport team, tracking healthfulness of diet, none of the provided choices | Behavior |
27 | If you time-traveled 30 years into the future and found that the following had been invented, how excited would you be to try…? | An appliance that can turn raw ingredients into any meal, foods that has customizable calories/nutritional value, a 3D printer that can make any wanted food from scratch (multiple answers were allowed) | Attitude |
28 | Did you include one of the following decisions throughout next year? | Change to both diet and exercise, a new exercise routine or exercise goals, changes to the eaten food or diet, none (multiple answers were allowed) | Behavior |
29 | Are you still following your decisions related to diet style throughout next year? | No, yes; strictly following, yes; somewhat following | Behavior, attitude |
30 | How familiar are you, if at all, with the following graphic (my plate graphic was displayed)? | Seen and had a lot knowledge about it, seen and had fair knowledge about it, seen and had little knowledge about it, haven’t seen before, not sure | Knowledge |
31 | What information do you look at on the food or beverage package when deciding to purchase or eat a food or beverage? | Expiration date, nutrition facts panel, ingredients list, serving size and amount per container, calorie and other nutrition information, brand name, cooking instructions/preparation time, statements about nutrition benefits, country of origin labeling, statements about health benefits, statements about absence of certain food ingredients (multiple answers were allowed) | Behavior |
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Declaration of Conflicting Interests
Funding
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