The ambiguous boundary between genes and pseudogenes: the dead rise up, or do they?

Trends Genet. 2007 May;23(5):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2007.03.003. Epub 2007 Mar 26.

Abstract

Pseudogenes have long been considered to be 'dead', nonfunctional by-products of genome evolution. However, several lines of evidence now show that some pseudogenes are transcriptionally 'alive', and a few might even have biochemical roles. Therefore, the boundary between genes (often considered to be 'living') and pseudogenes (often considered to be 'dead') might be ambiguous and difficult to define. Here, we examine the evidence for and against pseudogene functionality, and we argue that the time is ripe for revising the definition of a pseudogene. Furthermore, we suggest a classification system to accommodate pseudogenes with various levels of functionality.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Genes*
  • Genome
  • Humans
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Mutation
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • Pseudogenes / genetics*
  • Pseudogenes / physiology*
  • Terminology as Topic*
  • Transcription, Genetic