Host Genotype and Gut Microbiome Modulate Insulin Secretion and Diet-Induced Metabolic Phenotypes

Cell Rep. 2017 Feb 14;18(7):1739-1750. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.01.062.

Abstract

Genetic variation drives phenotypic diversity and influences the predisposition to metabolic disease. Here, we characterize the metabolic phenotypes of eight genetically distinct inbred mouse strains in response to a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. We found significant variation in diabetes-related phenotypes and gut microbiota composition among the different mouse strains in response to the dietary challenge and identified taxa associated with these traits. Follow-up microbiota transplant experiments showed that altering the composition of the gut microbiota modifies strain-specific susceptibility to diet-induced metabolic disease. Animals harboring microbial communities with enhanced capacity for processing dietary sugars and for generating hydrophobic bile acids showed increased susceptibility to metabolic disease. Notably, differences in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion between different mouse strains were partially recapitulated via gut microbiota transfer. Our results suggest that the gut microbiome contributes to the genetic and phenotypic diversity observed among mouse strains and provide a link between the gut microbiome and insulin secretion.

Keywords: gut microbiome; insulin secretion; metabolic disease; pancreatic islets.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bile Acids and Salts / metabolism
  • Diabetes Mellitus / genetics*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / microbiology*
  • Diet, High-Fat / adverse effects
  • Gastrointestinal Microbiome / physiology*
  • Gastrointestinal Tract / microbiology*
  • Genetic Variation / genetics
  • Genotype
  • Insulin / metabolism*
  • Insulin Resistance / physiology
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Microbiota / physiology*
  • Phenotype

Substances

  • Bile Acids and Salts
  • Insulin