CONTENTS

PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE
Beginnings:
Understanding Sound
Toward Recording
The Phonograph
The First Producers

CHAPTER TWO
The acoustic period:
Acoustic Recording
International Expansion
The Third Major Label
The Sooys
Documentation of Cultural Expression
The End of an Era

CHAPTER THREE
The Electric period:
Toward Electric Recording
Better Sound
Country Music
Further Technological Foundations
The Calm before the Storm
The Thirties and Forties
Radio, Film, and Tape Innovations

CHAPTER FOUR
Economic and Societal Overlay:
Cyclical Decline
One Thing after Another: The Thirties through the War
Recovery

CHAPTER FIVE
The Studio is Interactive
Toward Greater Control
Magnetic Tape Recording
Defining Some Terms
Mastering
Editing
Sound on Sound
Overdubbing
Summing up of Tape's Impact
The Microgroove LP

CHAPTER SIX
The Post World War II Reconstruction of the Recording Industry
After the War
The Boom in Independent Labels
The Fifties
Radio DJs

CHAPTER SEVEN
Mobile Music
More Music for More People
Music Anywhere: Radio on the Move
My Music on the Move
My Music Anywhere

CHAPTER EIGHT
Expanding the Palette
Electric Instruments and Amplifiers
Synthesizers
Genre Hybridization

CHAPTER NINE
Some Key Producers
The Objective
Review of Early Producers
Mitch Miller
Leiber and Stoller
Phil Spector
Sam Phillips
Steve Sholes
Norrie Paramor
Joe Meek
Brian Wilson
George Martin
Holland, Dozier and Holland
Teo Macero
King Tubby
Prince
Rick Rubin
Quincy Jones
Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Dr Dre
Max Martin

CHAPTER TEN
The Sixties and Seventies
Cultural and Creative Revolution
The Sixties
Mix Automation
The Seventies

CHAPTER ELEVEN
Toward the Digital Age
Digital Recording:
Hip Hop:
The State of the Eighties:
The Sound of the Eighties:
The Look of the Eighties:
Shiny Silver Discs:
Singles:
Mixing:
Dance Music:
Remixes:
Further Eighties Developments
Mergers and Acquisitions
The Internet and the World Wide Web

CHAPTER TWELVE
The Nineties
The Corporate State
The Charts and SoundScan
Alternative Rock
Toward Music Online
Progress with Digitized Data
Digital Radio
Millennials
Preparing the way for Napster

CHAPTER THIRTEEN
Periods of standards and stability
Proprietary versus Open Systems
Standards

CHAPTER FOURTEEN
Deconstructing the Studio
Democratizing Technologies
Improvised Environments
When is a Home not a Home?
Freedom

CHAPTER FIFTEEN
Random Access Recording Technology
Why Random Access?
The Beginnings of Random Access for Producers
Drum Machines, Next Generation Sequencers and MIDI
The Beginnings of Random Access Digital Recording
Convergence and Integration

CHAPTER SIXTEEN
Transformative/Disruptive Technologies and the Value of Music
Definitions of Terms
The Industry at the Turn of the 21st Century
Missed Opportunity
Oh wait.
No Big Surprises
What a Great Idea
What Happened to Vertical Integration?
An Idea Whose Time Had Come
Denial and Inaction
The Consequences
The Digital Disruption and Producer Income
Performance Royalties
Direct versus Statutory Licenses

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
Post-Millennial Business Models
American Idol
Downloads
Streaming Audio
Non interactive streams
Streaming on demand
Web 2.0, Social Networking and Social Media
Commonalities

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN
The Unfinished Work
Sampling, Mash-ups and Remixes
Using Records as Raw Material
Disco
Hip hop
Adapting compositions
Adapting Recordings
The Question of Creativity
The Question of Legality

CONCLUSION

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