Recent  

The coming 7 spacecraft Plasma Observatory and 9 spacecraft HelioSwarm will achieve 7–9 point magnetic measurements. In this study, a new algorithm is generated to calculate the linear and quadratic magnetic gradients from 7–9 point magnetic measurements so as to obtain the complete geometry of the magnetic structures observed. The tests have verified the feasibility of the method. The algorithm can thus be applied to the analysis of magnetic field data from Plasma Observatory and HelioSwarm.

The dispersion equation and the reflection coefficient are elegant tool for the studying AGWs propagation in the stratified atmospheres. The AGWs are used as a tool for ionosphere-lower thermosphere coupling. This is important because these waves, especially gravity waves, can generate ionospheric disturbances and cause the increase of the lower thermospheric temperature. Results of this article can be applied to the stratified atmospheres of the planets and the Sun.

Structures originating from the Sun, such as coronal mass ejections and high-speed streams, may impact the Earth's magnetosphere differently. The occurrence rate of these structures depends on the phase solar cycle. We use mutual information to study the change in the statistical dependence between solar wind and inner magnetosphere. We find that the non-linearity between solar wind and inner magnetosphere varies over the solar cycle and during different solar wind drivers.

We analyze magnetopause location, influenced by solar wind and IMF. Shue's (1998) model predicts its position based on solar wind pressure & IMF B_z. We investigate its location under northward/southward IMF & substorms using Shue's model & THEMIS/RBSP/MMS data. We observe significant magnetopause compression during strong northward/southward IMF around substorm peak.

In our study, we looked at the boundary between the Earth's magnetic field and the interplanetary magnetic field emitted by the Sun, called the magnetopause. While other studies focus on the magnetopause motion near Earth's equator, we have studied it in polar regions. The motion of the magnetopause is faster towards the Earth than towards the Sun. We also found that the occurrence of unusual magnetopause locations is due to similar solar influences in the equatorial and in the polar regions.

The EISCAT_3D radar is a new ionospheric radar under construction in the Fennoscandia region. The radar will make measurements of plasma characteristics at altitudes above approximately 60 km. The capability of the system to make these measurements on spatial scales of less than 100 m using the multiple digitised signals from each of the radar antenna panels is highlighted. There are many ionospheric small-scale processes that will be further resolved using the techniques discussed here.